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fiber-optic laser



Overview

Theapplicationrangeoffiberlasersisverywide,includinglaserfibercommunication,laserspaceremotecommunication,industrialshipbuilding,automobilemanufacturing,laserengraving,lasermarking,lasercutting,printingrollers,Metalandnon-metaldrilling/cutting/welding(brazing,quenching,claddinganddeepwelding),militaryandnationaldefensesecurity,medicalequipmentandequipment,large-scaleinfrastructure,asapumpsourceforotherlasers,etc.

Fiberlasersrefertolasersthatuserare-earth-dopedglassfibersasgainmedia.Fiberlaserscanbedevelopedonthebasisoffiberamplifiers.Undertheactionofthepumplight,itiseasytoincreasethepowerdensityinthefiber,causingthelaserenergylevelofthelaserworkingmaterialto"populatenumberinversion".Whenapositivefeedbackloop(formingaresonantcavity)isproperlyadded,thelaseroscillationoutputcanbeformed.

Structure

Thegenerationoflasersignalrequiresthreebasicconditions:populationinversion,opticalfeedbackandreachingthelaserthreshold.Therefore,thelaseriscomposedofworkingmaterial,pumpsourceandresonanceThecavityconsistsofthreeparts.Thebasicstructureofthefiberlaserisasfollows.Thegainfiberisthegainmediumthatgeneratesphotons;thepumplightisusedasexternalenergytomakethegainmediumtoachievepopulationinversion,thatis,thepumpsource;theopticalresonantcavityiscomposedoftwomirrors,Thefunctionistomakethephotonsgetfeedbackandbeamplifiedintheworkingmedium.Thepumpedlightentersthegainfiberandisabsorbed,whichinturnreversesthenumberofenergylevelparticlesinthegainmedium.Whenthegainintheresonantcavityishigherthantheloss,alaseroscillationwillbeformedbetweenthetwomirrors,resultinginalasersignaloutput..

Features

(1)Goodbeamquality.

Thewaveguidestructureofthefiberdeterminesthatthefiberlaseriseasytoobtainasingletransversemodeoutput,andisnotaffectedbyexternalfactors,andcanachievehigh-brightnesslaseroutput.

(2)Highefficiency.

Fiberlaserscanachievehighlight-to-lightconversionefficiencybyselectingsemiconductorlaserswithmatchingemissionwavelengthsanddopedrare-earthelementabsorptioncharacteristicsasthepumpsource.Forytterbium-dopedhigh-powerfiberlasers,915-nmor975-nmsemiconductorlasersaregenerallyselected,whichhavealongerfluorescencelifetimeandcaneffectivelystoreenergytoachievehigh-poweroperation.Theoverallelectro-opticalefficiencyofcommercialfiberlasersisashighas25%,whichisconducivetocostreduction,energysavingandenvironmentalprotection.

(3)Goodheatdissipationcharacteristics.

Fiberlaserusesaslenderrare-earth-dopedfiberasthelasergainmedium,anditssurfaceareatovolumeratioisverylarge.Itisabout1000timesthatofasolidbulklaser,whichhasanaturaladvantageintermsofheatdissipationcapability.Thereisnoneedforspecialcoolingoftheopticalfiberinlowandmediumpowerconditions,andwatercoolingforheatdissipationunderhighpowerconditionscanalsoeffectivelyavoidthedropinbeamqualityandefficiencycausedbythermaleffectsthatarecommoninsolid-statelasers.

(4)Compactstructureandhighreliability.

Becausethefiberlaserusesasmallandflexiblefiberasthelasergainmedium,itisbeneficialtocompressthevolumeandsavethecost.Thepumpsourceisalsoasemiconductorlaserthatissmallinsizeandeasytomodularize.Commercialproductscangenerallybeoutputwithpigtails,combinedwithfiber-baseddevicessuchasfiberBragggratings.Allfiberscanberealizedaslongasthesedevicesarefusedtoeachother.Ithashighdisturbanceimmunityandhighstability,whichcansavemaintenancetimeandcost.

Type

First,classifyaccordingtothetypeoffibermaterial

1.Crystalfiberlaser.Theworkingmaterialislasercrystalfiber,mainlyruby​​singlecrystalfiberlaserandnd3+:YAGsinglecrystalfiberlaser.

2.Nonlinearopticalfiberlaser.TherearemainlystimulatedRamanscatteringfiberlasersandstimulatedBrillouinscatteringfiberlasers.

3.Rareearthdopedfiberlasers.Thematrixmaterialoftheopticalfiberisglass,andtheopticalfiberisdopedwithrareearthelementionstoactivateittomakeafiberlaser.

4.Plasticfiberlaser.Dopinglaserdyeintothecoreorcladdingoftheplasticopticalfibertomakeafiberlaser.

Second,accordingtothegainmediumclassification:

1.Crystalfiberlaser.Theworkingmaterialislasercrystalfiber,mainlyruby​​singlecrystalfiberlaserandNd3+:YAGsinglecrystalfiberlaser.

2.Nonlinearopticalfiberlaser.TherearemainlystimulatedRamanscatteringfiberlasersandstimulatedBrillouinscatteringfiberlasers.

3.Rareearthdopedfiberlasers.Dopingrareearthelementionsintothefibertoactivateit(Nd3+,Er3+,Yb3+,Tm3+,etc.,thematrixcanbequartzglass,zirconiumfluorideglass,singlecrystal)tomakeafiberlaser.

4.Plasticfiberlaser.Dopinglaserdyeintothecoreorcladdingoftheplasticopticalfibertomakeafiberlaser.

Three,accordingtotheresonantcavitystructureclassification

DividedintoFPcavity,ringcavity,loopreflectorfiberresonatorand"8"shapedcavity,DBRfiberlaser,DFBfiberlaser,etc.

Four.Accordingtofiberstructureclassification

Dividedintosingle-cladfiberlaser,double-cladfiberlaser,photoniccrystalfiberlaser,specialfiberlaser.

Five.Classificationbyoutputlasercharacteristics

Dividedintocontinuousfiberlasersandpulsedfiberlasers,amongwhichpulsedfiberlaserscanbedividedaccordingtotheirpulseformingprinciplesItisaQ-switchedfiberlaser(pulsewidthisontheorderofns)andamode-lockedfiberlaser(pulsewidthisontheorderofpsorfs).

Advantages

Asarepresentativeofthethird-generationlasertechnology,fiberlasershavethefollowingadvantages:

(1)Glassopticalfiberhaslowmanufacturingcost,maturetechnologyandTheadvantagesofminiaturizationandintensivenessbroughtaboutbytheflexibilityoftheopticalfiber;

(2)Theglassfiberdoesnotrequirethestrictphasematchingofthecrystaltotheincidentpumplight,whichisduetotheglassmatrixStarkThenon-uniformbroadeningcausedbysplittingcausestheabsorptionbandtobewider;

(3)Glassmaterialhasaverylowvolume-to-arearatio,fastheatdissipationandlowloss,sotheconversionefficiencyishighandthelaserthresholdislow;

(4)Therearemanyoutputlaserwavelengths:thisisbecausetheenergylevelsofrareearthionsareveryrichandtherearemanykindsofrareearthions;

(5)Tunability:duetotheenergyofrareearthionsThegradewidthandthefluorescencespectrumoftheglassfiberarewider.

(6)Becausethereisnoopticallensintheresonantcavityoffiberlaser,ithastheadvantagesofadjustment-free,maintenance-freeandhighstability,whichisunmatchedbytraditionallasers.

(7)Thefiberexportmakesthelasercapableofvariousmulti-dimensionalandarbitraryspaceprocessingapplicationseasily,makingthedesignofthemechanicalsystemverysimple.

(8)Competentinharshworkingenvironment,withhightolerancetodust,shock,impact,humidityandtemperature.

(9)Thereisnoneedforthermoelectriccoolingandwatercooling,justsimpleaircooling.

(10)Highelectro-opticalefficiency:Thecomprehensiveelectro-opticalefficiencyisashighas20%,whichgreatlysavespowerconsumptionduringworkandsavesoperatingcosts.

(11)Thehigh-power,commercialfiberlaserissixkilowatts.

Applications

1.Markingapplications

Pulsefiberlasersareknownfortheirexcellentbeamquality,reliability,andthelongestMaintenance-freetime,thehighestoverallelectro-opticalconversionefficiency,pulserepetitionfrequency,thesmallestvolume,thesimplestandmostflexiblewaytousewithoutwatercooling,andthelowestoperatingcostmakeittheonlychoiceforhigh-speedandhigh-precisionlasermarking.

Asetoffiberlasermarkingsystemcanconsistofoneortwofiberlaserswithapowerof25W,oneortwoscanningheadstoguidelighttotheworkpieceandanindustrialcomputertocontrolthescanningheadcomposition.Thisdesignisupto4timesmoreefficientthansplittingthebeamwitha50Wlaserontotwoscanningheads.Themaximummarkingrangeofthesystemis175mm*295mm,thespotsizeis35um,andtheabsolutepositioningaccuracywithinthefullmarkingrangeis+/-100um.Thefocusspotcanbeassmallas15umataworkingdistanceof100um.

2.Applicationofmaterialprocessing

Thematerialprocessingoffiberlaserisbasedontheheattreatmentprocessinwhichthepartwherethematerialabsorbsthelaserenergyisheated.Laserlightenergywithawavelengthofabout1umiseasilyabsorbedbymetal,plasticandceramicmaterials.

3.Applicationofmaterialbending

Fiberlaserformingorbendingisatechniqueusedtochangethecurvatureofmetalplatesorhardceramics.Concentratedheatingandrapidself-coolingleadtoplasticdeformationinthelaserheatingarea,permanentlychangingthecurvatureofthetargetworkpiece.Researchhasfoundthatthemicrobendingwithlaserprocessinghasfarhigherprecisionthanothermethods.Atthesametime,itisanidealmethodinmicroelectronicsmanufacturing.

4.Applicationoflasercutting

Asthepoweroffiberlaserscontinuestorise,fiberlaserscanbeappliedonalargescaleinindustrialcutting.Forexample:usingafastchoppingcontinuousfiberlasertomicro-cutstainlesssteelarterialtubes.Duetoitshighbeamquality,thefiberlasercanobtainaverysmallfocusdiameterandtheresultingsmallslitwidthisrefreshingthestandardofthemedicaldeviceindustry.

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