Introductiontothesystem
Hierarchicalstructure:Thebiosphereisthelargestecosystemandamulti-levelindependentsystem.
Thehierarchicalsystemcanbedividedintoandbelowthemicrolevelfirst,andsecondly,itcanbedividedintoeconomic-orientedareasorbiologically-basedecosystems.
AccordingtoeachsystemThecharacteristicsoftheelements,theconnectionmethods,thecommonalityoffunctions,thesizeofthescaleandtherangeofenergychangesaredividedintoelevenlevels:global(biosphere),region(biome),landscape,ecosystem,community,population,individual,organization,cell,Genes,molecules.
Theecosystemiscompatible,thatis,low-levelprocessescanbeincludedbyhigh-levelbehaviors.Throughcompatibility,theimbalanceonthesmallscaleortheheterogeneityinspaceandtimecanbetransformedintothebalanceandhomogeneityonthelargescale.Thecomplexityincreasesinthislevelconversionprocess.Thereisadifferenceintheprocessrateamongthevariouslevelsofthesystem,andtherateofthebehavioralprocessfromthelow-leveltothehigh-levelgraduallyslowsdown;theresolutionalsoshowsasimilartrend,graduallydecreasingfromthelow-leveltothehigh-level.