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Hongkong



Statement

Thisentryhasbeenorganizedwithreferencetotheadministrativeareaentryeditingguidelines;ifyouhavesuggestionsorwanttoparticipateinthecompilation,youarewelcometocommunicatewiththeGeographyGroupofBaike.

Historicalevolution

  • Pre-QinDynasty

HongKong(13photos)

About129,000yearsago,earlyancients(Mabapeople)appearedintheLingnanregion.Inthepre-Qinperiod,Lingnan(includingHongKong)wasthelandofBaiyue.Itwascalled"Baiyue"in"LuShichunqiu","NanYue"in"HistoricalRecords",and"NanYue"in"HanShu".Accordingtoofficialhistoricalrecords,Lingnanwasthe“landofthesouthernbarbarians”,anditbegantobeintegratedintocivilizationwhentheQinarmywentsouth.However,inrecentyears,thearchaeologicalcommunityhasfoundthatthisviewisa“historicalmisunderstanding.”AlargenumberofunearthedculturalrelicsshowthattheLingnanareawasThesplendidNeolithicandBronzeAgecivilizationshaveexistedbefore,andtheyarealsooneofthebirthplacesofChinesecivilization.
  • QinandHanDynasties

In222BC,aftertheKingofQinreunifiedtheSix"TheKingofBaiyue"sentTuSuitoleada500,000QinarmytoattackLingnan;in214BC,theQinarmybasicallyoccupiedLingnan.Immediately,QinShihuangsetupthethreecountiesof"Guilin,Xiang,andNanhai"intheLingnanareathathehadcaptured.IncorporatingHongKongintoitsterritoryisunderthejurisdictionofPanyuCounty.Fromthenon,HongKongwasplacedunderthejurisdictionofthecentralgovernmentandclearlybecametheterritoryoftheCentralPlainsdynastyatthattime(theCentralPlainsinanarrowsensereferstotheareaof​​Henantoday.TheCentralPlainsinabroadsensereferstothemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYellowRiver).FromthistimeuntiltheQingDynasty,AstheCentralPlainscivilizationspreadtothesouth,theHongKongregiongraduallydeveloped.

DuringtheHanDynasty,HongKongbelongedtoBoluoCounty,NanhaiCounty.

  • TwoJinDynasties

HongKongbelongstoDongguanCountyinthesixthyearofEasternJinXianhe(AD331)BaoanCounty.Inthe6thyearofEmperorChengdiXianheintheEasternJinDynasty,theeasternpartofNanhaiCountywasdemarcated,andanotherDongguanCountywasestablished,underthejurisdictionofsixcountiesincludingBao'an,Xingning,andHaifeng.ThejurisdictionofBao'anCountyincludestoday'sHongKongarea,ShenzhenCityandDongguanCity.Thecountyseatistoday'sShenzhenNantouCity.

  • SuiandTangDynasties

TheSuiDynastyalsoabolishedDongguanCountyandmergeditsjurisdictionintoGuangzhouMansionNanhaiCountyandBao'anCountywerealsosubordinatedtoNanhaiCounty,andHongKongwasstillunderthemanagementofBao'anCounty.

InthesecondyearoftheTangDynastytoGermany(757AD),Bao'anCountywaschangedtoDongguanCounty,andHongKongwasstillunderDongguanCounty.

  • SongandYuanDynasties

DuringtheSongandYuandynasties,alargenumberofpeoplefromtheMainlandmovedtoHongKong,promptingHongKongTheeconomyandcultureofChinahavebeengreatlydeveloped.DuringtheYuanDynasty,ChinabelongedtoJiangxiProvince.DuringtheYuanDynasty,inTuenMuninthesouthwestofHongKong,andinTuenMunintheouterportofGuangzhou,apatroldepartmentwassetuptogarrisontroopstopreventpiratesfrominvadingandguardtheGuangzhouarea.

  • MingandQingdynasties

DuringtheWanliperiodoftheMingDynasty,someplacesweresetasidefromDongguanCountytoestablishXin'anCounty,forthelaterHongKongarea.Sincethen,HongKongIslandhasbeenunderthejurisdictionofXin'anCounty,GuangzhouPrefecturefromthefirstyearofMingShenzongWanli(AD1573)untilthe21styearofQingXuanzongDaoguang(AD1841).

TheQingDynastysenttroopstotheNewTerritoriesin1662andorderedthevillagerstostaybehind.DuringtheQingDynasty,HongKonghadalwaysplayedanimportantroleinforeigntrade,becauseHongKongwasgeographicallydependentonGuangzhou,andGuangzhouwastheonlycommercialportopenedtotheoutsideworldintheQingDynasty.

Intheearlyyears,theBritishtookafancytoHongKong’sVictoriaHarbourashavingthepotentialtobecomeagoodportinEastAsia.UntilthedefeatoftheQingDynastyinthelate19thcentury,theterritorywascededandleasedtotheUnitedKingdominbatches.

OnJanuary26,1841,aftertheFirstOpiumWar,theBritishoccupiedHongKongIsland.Afterwards,theQinggovernmenttriedtoregainitbyforce.EmperorDaoguangissuedanumberofdecreeforthis,buttheQingDynastycouldnotDefendterritorialintegrity.

OnAugust29,1842,theQinggovernmentandtheUnitedKingdomsignedtheunequal"NanjingTreaty"(formerlyknownasthe"JiangningTreaty"),cedingHongKongIslandtotheUnitedKingdom.

OnOctober24,1860,ChinaandBritainsignedtheunequal"BeijingTreaty",cedingtheareasouthofBoundaryStreetontheKowloonPeninsulatoBritain.

OnJune9,1898,theBritishforcedtheQinggovernmenttosignthe"ExhibitionandExtensionoftheHongKongBoundarySite"(commonlyknownasthe"NewTerritoriesLease"),andforciblyleasedthelandtothenorthofBoundaryStreetontheKowloonPeninsulaandsouthoftheShenzhenRiver.Regions,andmorethan200largeandsmallislands,theleasetermis99years(untilJune30,1997).Throughthethreetreaties,Britainoccupiedatotalof1092squarekilometersofChineseterritoryincludingHongKongIsland,KowloonandtheNewTerritories,whichistheareaof​​theentireHongKongarea.

  • RepublicofChina

December25,1941(HongKongpeoplecallit"BlackChristmasDuringtheSecondWorldWar,theJapanesearmyinvadedHongKong,andtheBritishtroopsstationedinHongKongwereunabletoresist.ThethenGovernorofHongKong,YangMuqi,hadnochoicebuttosurrender.HongKongwasoccupiedbyJapan,andthe"Japaneseoccupationperiod"beganforthreeyearsandeightmonths.DuringtheAnti-JapaneseWar,theCommunistPartyofChinaledthepeopletoestablishaSouthChinaguerrillaandwageanationalrevolutionarywar.

OnSeptember15,1945,afterJapanwasdefeatedinthewar,JapansignedaletterofsurrenderinHongKongandwithdrewfromHongKong.HongKongwasre-administeredbytheBritish.

AfterWorldWarII,HongKong’seconomyandsocietydevelopedrapidly,becomingtheworld’sthirdlargestfinancialcenterafterNewYorkandLondon.Notonlyhasitbecomeoneofthe"AsianFourLittleDragons",itisalsoanAsianfinancial,serviceandshippingcenter.

  • People’sRepublicofChina

From1982to1984,ChinaandBritainimplementedHongKongNegotiationsonfutureissues,the"JointStatementbetweentheGovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandtheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandonHongKongIssues"wassignedonDecember19,1984,anditwasdecidedthatthePeople’sRepublicofChinawouldresumetheexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongonJuly1,1997.Chinapromisedtoimplement"OneCountry,TwoSystems"inHongKong.

OnJuly1,1997,theChinesegovernmentresumedtheexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKong,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwasestablished,andtheBasicLawcameintoeffect.HongKonghasenteredanewhistoricaleraof"onecountry,twosystems","HongKongpeoplerulingHongKong"andahighdegreeofautonomy.InSeptemberofthesameyear,theannualmeetingoftheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundwasheldinHongKong.Thisannualconferenceisthefirstlarge-scaleinternationalconferencehostedbyHongKongafteritsreturntothemotherland.ItisalsothefirsttimethattheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFundhaveheldanannualconferenceinChina.

In1998,affectedbytheAsianfinancialcrisis,theHongKongstockmarketexperiencedextremevolatility.Withthefirmsupportofthecentralgovernment,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiongovernmentdecidedtofightbackagainstinternationalspeculators.TheHongKongMonetaryAuthorityinvestedhugefundsinthestockandfuturesmarketsandsuccessfullyrepelledspeculators.

Intheearlyspringof2003,theSARSepidemicbrokeoutinHongKong.TheSARgovernmentledallwalksoflifeinthecommunitytofullyinvestinthefightagainsttheepidemic,andtheepidemicthatlastedforseveralmonthswasfinallybroughtundercontrol.OnJune23,theWorldHealthOrganizationannouncedthatitwouldformallyremoveHongKongfromtheSARSepidemicarea.InJuneofthesameyear,the"MainlandandHongKongCloserEconomicPartnershipArrangement"(CEPA)wassigned,andthecentralgovernmentsubsequentlylaunchedthe"individualtravel"planformainlandresidentstoHongKong.InNovember,thePeople'sBankofChinaannouncedthatitagreedtoprovideclearingarrangementsforHongKongbanksthathandle4typesofpersonalRMBbusiness(iedeposits,exchanges,remittancesandRMBbankcards)inHongKong.

InFebruary2004,HongKongbanksofficiallylaunchedRMBbusiness.InearlyJuneofthesameyear,thefirst"Pan-PearlRiverDeltaRegionalCooperationandDevelopmentForum"washeldinHongKong,andthe"9+2"regionaleconomiccooperationof9provincesandregionsintheMainlandandHongKongandMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionsofficiallydebuted.

InSeptember2005,HongKongDisneylandopenedtowelcomeguests.ThisisthefifthDisneylandintheworld.

InAugust2008,theequestrianeventoftheBeijingOlympicGameswassuccessfullyheldinHongKong.

InDecember2009,theFifthEastAsianGameswasheldinHongKong.ThisisthefirsttimeHongKonghashostedaninternationalcomprehensiveeventsinceitsreturntothemotherland.

InMarch2011,thecentralgovernmentannouncedthe"TwelfthFive-YearPlan"outline.Forthefirsttime,theHongKongandMacaosectionshavebecomeseparatechapters.TheoutlinepointsouttoconsolidateandenhanceHongKong'sstatusasaninternationalfinancial,trade,andshippingcenter,andsupportHongKongtobecomeaninternationalassetmanagementcenterandanoffshoreRMBbusinesscenter.

InFebruary2019,the"Guangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayAreaDevelopmentPlanOutline"wasofficiallyissued,clearlypointingouttheconsolidationandpromotionofHongKong'sstatusasaninternationalfinancial,shipping,tradecenterandinternationalaviationhub,andstrengtheningofglobaloffshoreRMBbusinessHubstatus,internationalassetmanagementcenterandriskmanagementcenterfunctions,promotethedevelopmentoffinance,commerce,logistics,professionalservices,etc.tohigh-endandhighvalue-addeddirections,vigorouslydevelopinnovationandtechnology,cultivateemergingindustries,andbuildinternationallegalanddisputeresolutionservicesintheAsia-PacificregionCentertobuildamorecompetitiveinternationalmetropolis.

OnMay28,2020,theThirdSessionoftheThirteenthNationalPeople'sCongresspassedthe"DecisionoftheNationalPeople'sCongressonEstablishingandImprovingtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion'sLegalSystemandImplementationMechanismforMaintainingNationalSecurity".

OnMarch11,2021,theFourthSessionoftheThirteenthNationalPeople'sCongresspassedthe"DecisionoftheNationalPeople'sCongressonImprovingtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionElectionSystem".Inthesamemonth,the"FourteenthFive-YearPlanfortheNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheOutlineofLong-TermGoalsfor2035"clearlystatedtosupportHongKong'spromotionofitsstatusasaninternationalfinancial,shipping,tradecenterandinternationalaviationhub,andtostrengthenglobaloffshoreRMBbusinessHub,internationalassetmanagementcenterandriskmanagementcenterfunctions.SupportHongKong'sconstructionofaninternationalinnovationandtechnologycenter,anAsia-Pacificinternationallegalanddisputeresolutionservicecenter,andaregionalintellectualpropertytradingcenter,supportthedevelopmentofHongKong'sserviceindustryinahigh-endandhigh-value-addeddirection,andsupportHongKong'sdevelopmentofaSino-foreignculturalandartisticexchangecenter.

Administrativedivisions

HongKongSARadministrativedivisions(5sheets)

HongKongIsland:CentralandWesternDistrict,WanChaiDistrict,EasternDistrict,SouthernDistrict

KowloonPeninsula:YauTsimMongDistrict,ShamShuiPoDistrict,KowloonCityDistrict,WongTaiSinDistrict,KwunTongDistrict

NewTerritories:NorthDistrict,TaiPoDistrict,ShaTinDistrict,SaiKungDistrict,TsuenWanDistrict,TuenMunDistrict,YuenLongDistrict,KwaiTsingDistrictDistrict,IslandsDistrict

GeographicalEnvironment

Location

HongKong’sgeographiccoordinatesare114°15′eastlongitudeand22°15′northlatitude.ItislocatedinsouthernChinaandthePearlRiverTotheeastofthemouth,itfacesMacaoofChinatothewest,ShenzhenCityofGuangdongProvincetothenorth,WanshanIslandsofZhuhaiCity,GuangdongProvincetothesouth,andabout200kilometersawayfromGuangzhouCity,GuangdongProvince.TheareaincludesHongKongIsland,Kowloon,theNewTerritoriesandthesurrounding262islands.Thetotallandareais1106.66squarekilometers,ofwhichHongKongIslandis80.7squarekilometers,Kowloonis46.9squarekilometers,andtheNewTerritoriesis978.7squarekilometers.Theseaareais1648.7squarekilometers.

HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion

Topography

HongKong'stopographyismainlyhilly,withthehighestpointbeingTaiMoShanatanaltitudeof958meters.HongKonghaslessflatland.About20%ofthelandislowland,mainlyinthenorthernpartoftheNewTerritories.TheyaretheYuenLongPlainandtheFanlingLowland,bothofwhicharealluvialplainsnaturallyformedbyrivers;followedbytheKowloonPeninsulaandthenorthernpartofHongKongIsland.Reclaimedlandexpandedfromtheoriginalnarrowflatland.AlthoughtheonefromHongKongistakenfromHongKongIsland,thelargestislandinHongKongisLantauIsland,whichismorethantwicethesizeofHongKongIsland.

Climate

HongKonghasamaritimesubtropicalmonsoonclimatewithfourdistinctseasons,withanaverageannualtemperatureof23.3℃.Thetemperaturemaydropbelow10°Cinwinterandrisetoabove31°Cinsummer.RainfallisconcentratedfromMaytoSeptember,accountingforabout80%oftheannualrainfall.Therainfallisabundantthroughouttheyear,theflowersarefragrantinallseasons,thespringiswarmandfoggy,thesummerishotandrainy,theautumnissunny,andthewinterisslightlydryandcold.

Inaddition,thehigh-risebuildingsintheurbanareaof​​HongKongareconcentratedanddenselypopulated.Themicroclimateformedispronetoheatislandeffect,whichleadstoobvioustemperaturedifferencesbetweenurbanandsuburbanareas.Theurbanareawithhigh-risebuildingsmakestheairThe"suspendedparticles"aremoredifficulttoblowaway.

Watersystem

HongKong(5photos)

HongKongisinahumidsubtropicalenvironmentwithabundantJingliuanddevelopedsurfacewatersystems.However,thescopeofthewatersystemislimited,andtherearenolargerivers.ExceptfortheShenzhenRiver,whichistheboundaryriverbetweenHongKongandShenzhen,therearemainlyShingMunRiver,WutongRiver,LincunRiver,YuenLongRiverandKamTinRiver,etc.Mostoftheriversarenomorethan5milesinlength,withflowrateandflowrateandseasonalrainfall.Closelyrelated,extremelyunstableinthemiddleoftheyear.Inthedryseason,itisdifficulttomaintainthewaterflowordryup,andtheriverbedisexposedorpartiallyexposed.Inthewetseason,itiseasytoreachthefullbankwaterlevelandflooding.TheShenzhenRiveroriginatesfromtheNiuweiRidgeofWutongMountain,flowsintoShenzhenBayfromthenortheasttothesouthwest,andflowsoutoftheLingdingOcean.Ithasatotallengthof37kilometersandadrainageareaof​​312.5squarekilometers,including187.5squarekilometersontheShenzhensideand125squarekilometersontheHongKongside.TheWutongRiverinHongKongisamajortributaryoftheShenzhenRiver.

Naturalresources

Marineresources

HongKong(4photos)

HongKongisadjacenttothecontinentalshelf,withavastoceansurface,numerousislands,andfisheryproductionTheenvironmentisunique,andmorethan150kindsofmarinefishwithcommercialvalueareproduced,mainlyredmullet,nine-stickfish,bigeye,yellowcroaker,yellowbellyfishandsquid.

MineralResources

ThemineraldepositsinHongKongcontainasmallamountofiron,aluminum,zinc,tungsten,beryl,graphite,etc.

Population

Population

HongKongisoneofthemostdenselypopulatedareasintheworld.Asoftheendof2018,HongKonghadapopulationofabout7.48million,withalandpopulationdensityof6,890peoplepersquarekilometer,andnearly80%ofthepopulationlivedintheseasidearea,whichaccountsfor15%ofthearea.Inthepast10years,thepopulationofHongKonghasgrownbyanaverageof0.8%peryear.

Attheendof2019,thetemporarypopulationofHongKongwas7,500,700,anincreaseof14,200or0.2%fromtheendof2018.

ThemajorityofHongKong’spopulationisofChinesenationality.Accordingto2017statistics,theChinesepopulationaccountedforapproximately91.4%oftheHongKongpopulation.OthernationalitiesmainlyincludethePhilippines(approximately19million,2.6%),Indonesia(approximately170,000,2.3%)andIndia(approximately33,000,0.4%).

HongKonghaspromotedfamilyplanningsincethe1950s,advocatingthateachfamilysupporttwochildren,withtheaimofreducingthehighfertilityrateatthattime.In2017,HongKong'sfertilityratewas1.19,rankingfourthfromthebottomoutof224regionsintheworld.From2007to2017,thebirthrateinHongKongdroppedfrom10.2‰to7.7‰.Ontheotherhand,theUnitedNationsPopulationFundreleasedin2018the"WorldPopulationSurveyReport"showsthattheaveragelifeexpectancyofwomeninHongKongis87years,andtheaveragelifeexpectancyofmenis81years,surpassingJapanandbecomingtheregionwiththehighestaveragelifeexpectancyintheworld.Aspeoplebornduringthepost-warbabyboombegantogrowold,thepopulationofHongKongcontinuedtoage.Since2007,themedianageoftheHongKongpopulationhasreached40yearsold,andithassteadilyincreasedatarateofatleast0.3yearsoldeveryyear.From2007to2017,themedianagerosebynearly4years.

Asoftheendof2020,thepopulationoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionis7,474,200.

GenderRatio

HongKonghasseenmorefemalesthanmalessince2000.Atthattime,themale-to-femaleratiowas967malesper1,000females.Broaden.In2017,HongKonghadamalepopulationof3.392millionandafemalepopulationof399,000,withmorethan600,000morewomenthanmen.

Economy

Overview

DevelopmentHistory

InthehistoryofHongKong’seconomicdevelopment,therehavebeentwoSub-economictransformation.Before1950,HongKong'seconomywasdominatedbyre-exporttrade.HongKongbeganindustrializationinthe1950s.By1970,industrialexportsaccountedfor81%oftotalexports,markingHongKong’stransformationfromamerere-exportporttoanindustrializedcityandthefirsteconomictransformationofHongKong.

Intheearly1970s,HongKongpursuedapolicyofeconomicdiversification,andHongKong’sfinance,realestate,trade,andtourismdevelopedrapidly.Especiallysincethe1980s,mainlandfactorshavebecomethemostimportantdrivingforceforHongKong’seconomicdevelopment.Duetoexternalfactors,mostofHongKong'smanufacturingindustryhasbeentransferredtothemainland,andvariousserviceindustrieshavedevelopedatahighspeedinanall-roundway,realizingthesecondeconomictransformationfrommanufacturingtoserviceindustries.

Economicdata

In2019,thegrossdomesticproductvaluecalculatedatmarketpriceswasHK$2.9trillion,ayear-on-yeardecreaseof1.2%.ThepercapitaGDPThevalueis382,000HongKongdollars.Thebasicinflationrateis2.9%,andpricesareinamoderategrowthtrend.Attheendof2019,thelaborforcewas3.966million,andtheunemploymentratewas3.3%.HongKong'seconomyisbasedontheserviceindustry,andtheserviceindustry'sshareofGDPhasremainedabove90%foralongtime.

TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiongovernmentisfinanciallysound.Attheendof2019,thetotalfinancialreservesoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegiontotaledHK$1,133.1billionandforeignexchangereserveassetswereUS$441.3billion.

HongKongisthefirstchoiceforglobalmultinationalcompaniestosetuptheirAsia-Pacificheadquarters.In2019,therewere1,541,2,490and5,009regionalheadquarters,regionalofficesandlocalofficesofmultinationalcompaniesinHongKong.

EconomicPolicy

HongKongisacapitalisteconomicsystemthatpursuesafreemarket.Thefocusofitseconomyisthelaissez-fairepolicyimplementedbythegovernment.TheFreeEconomicSystemReportspublishedbytheAmericanHeritageFoundationin1995andtheFraserInstituteofCanadain1996haveconsistentlyratedHongKongasthenumberoneintheworld.

HongKongimplementsasimpletaxsystemwithalowtaxrate.Personalsalariestaxisleviedindifferentproportionsafterexceedingtheallowance,uptoamaximumof17%.Thecorporateprofitstaxratewithoutconsideringspecialdeductionsis16.5%.

Economicstatus

HongKongisaninternationalfinancial,shippingandtradecenterwithadevelopedeconomy.Inthe26thGlobalFinancialCentreIndexpublishedinSeptember2019,HongKongrankedthird,secondonlytoNewYorkandLondon.InOctober2012,theWorldEconomicForumreleasedthe"2012FinancialDevelopmentReport",andHongKongtoppedthelistfortwoconsecutiveyears.Asof2019,HongKonghasbeenratedastheworld'sfreesteconomyfor25consecutiveyearsandrankedfirstintheeconomicfreedomindex.

Economicexchangeandcooperationbetweenthetwoplaces

HongKongnightview(5photos)

TheMainlandisHongKong’slargesttradingpartner,HongKongisthemostimportanttradeentrepotintheMainland.In2019,HongKongimportedHK$2,058.1billionfromthemainlandandexportedHK$2.2109billiontothemainland.Atthesametime,HongKongandtheMainlandareeachother'slargestsourcesofforeigninvestment.In2019,thetotalnon-financialinvestmentfromtheMainlandinHongKongwas63.56billionU.S.dollars,accountingfor57.5%ofthetotalexternalnon-financialinvestmentfromtheMainland.TheMainlandattracted69.7%ofthetotalforeigninvestment.Withthecontinuousintroductionofpilotpoliciessuchas"Shanghai-HongKongStockConnect","Shenzhen-HongKongStockConnect","BondConnect"andmutualrecognitionoffunds,theinterconnectionchannelsofthecapitalmarketsofthetwoplaceshavegraduallyincreasedandthemechanismhasbeencontinuouslyimproved.Atpresent,guidedbymajornationalstrategiessuchasparticipatingintheconstructionofthe“BeltandRoad”andtheconstructionoftheGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea,themechanismofcomplementaryandcoordinateddevelopmentbetweenHongKongandtheMainlandhasbeencontinuouslyimproved,andHongKongwillbetterintegrateintotheoveralldevelopmentofthecountry.

Financialindustry

HongKongisoneoftheworld’smajorbankingcenters.Attheendof2019,therewere194bankinginstitutionsrecognizedbytheHongKongMonetaryAuthority,includinglicensedbanks,restrictedlicensedbanks,anddeposit-takingThereare164,17and13companiesrespectively,andthetotalassetsofauthorizedinstitutionsinthebankingsystemare24.5trillionHongKongdollars.TheHongKongstockmarkethasgreatinfluenceintheworld.Attheendof2019,therewere2,449listedcompanieslistedontheHongKongStockExchange(MainBoardandChiNext),withatotalstockmarketvalueof38.2trillionHongKongdollars.In2019,thetotalamountoffundsraisedinthestockmarketreached452billionHongKongdollars,ofwhichIPOfundsraised312.9billionHongKongdollars,rankingfirstintheworld.HongKongistheworld'slargestoffshoreRMBbusinesshub,financingandassetmanagementcenter.Attheendof2019,thetotalRMBdeposits(includingoutstandingcertificatesofdeposit)intheHongKongbankingsystemwere658billionyuan,andtheloanbalancewas153.7billionyuan.ThetotalRMBtradesettlementprocessedwas5.4trillionyuan.

Currency

ThecurrencyofHongKongisHongKongdollar(HK$).Therearethreenote-issuingbanksinHongKong,namelyBankofChina(HongKong),HSBCandStandardChartered.HongKongtakesmaintainingcurrencystabilityasthebasicgoalofitsmonetarypolicyandimplementsalinkedexchangeratesystem,thatis,maintaining7.8HongKongdollarsto1U.S.dollar.

Foreignexchange

HongKong’sforeignexchangemarketiswell-developed,withactivetradingandoccupiesanindispensablepositionintheglobalforeignexchangemarket.SinceHongKonghaslinkswithotherforeignexchangemarketsoverseas,HongKongcantradeforeignexchangewithotherpartsoftheworld24hoursaday.AccordingtoaglobalsurveyconductedeverythreeyearsbytheBankforInternationalSettlementsin2016,HongKong'sforeignexchangemarketturnoverrankssixthintheworld.

Gold

HongKong'sgoldmarketisthethirdlargestgoldmarketintheworld.ItsgoldexchangeiscalledtheHongKongGoldandSilverTradeFair,whichwasestablishedin1910.

Stocksandbonds

HongKongStreetView(11photos)

HongKong'ssecuritiestradingopenedinthe19thcenturyItappearedintheearlydays,butbytheestablishmentoftheHongKongBrokersAssociationin1891,HongKongbegantohaveaformalsecuritiestradingmarket.In1914,theassociationchangeditsnametotheHongKongBrokersAssociation.In1921,theHongKongStockExchangewasregisteredandestablishedasthesecondexchangeinHongKong.AftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,thetwofirmsmergedin1947tobecometheHongKongStockExchange.In2018,HongKong'sIPOmarketraisedatotalof286.5billionHongKongdollars,rankingfirstintheworld.

Shanghai-HongKongStockConnect

InApril2014,PremierLiKeqiangannouncedattheBoaoForumtopilottheShanghai-HongKongstockmarketinterconnectionmechanism,whichwassubsequentlydisclosedinajointstatementbytheCentralGovernmentandtheHongKongSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission.Thepilotplanwilltake6monthstoprepare.TheHongKongStockExchangeissuedanannouncementonNovember10,2014.TheHongKongSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionandtheChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionjointlyannouncedthattheyhadapprovedthelaunchoftheShanghai-HongKongStockConnectonNovember17,2014.

Seetheentryfordetails:HongKongStockExchange,HongKongStockExchange

Tourism

TherearemanytouristattractionsinHongKong.AsofMay2014,visitHongKongThenumberoftouristsexceeded24.03million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof13.6%comparedto2013.Amongthem,thenumberofvisitorstoHongKonginMaywasapproximately4.59million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof10.8%.Inthefirstfivemonthsof2014,theMainlandremainedthelargestsourceoftouristsinHongKong,with18.43milliontouristarrivals,ayear-on-yearincreaseof17.6%,accountingfor76.7%ofthetotalnumberoftouristsvisitingHongKong.TaiwanandSouthKorearankedsecondandthird.

AsofMay2014,therewere3.45millionvisitorsfromtheMainland,ayear-on-yearincreaseof13.1%comparedto2013;160,000visitorsfromTaiwan,anincreaseof11.8%year-on-year;visitorsfromtheUnitedStatesItwas96,000passengers,ayear-on-yearincreaseof6.8%.

Inthefirsthalfof2014,HongKong’stourismprintingrevenuewasHK$11.61million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof0.8%comparedto2013;inJune,printingrevenuewasHK$2.34million,ayear-on-yearincreaseof7.9%.

Foreigntrade

HongKongistheworld’seighthlargesttradingeconomyandoneoftheworld’smajorexportersofready-to-wear,watches,jewelry,toys,games,electronicsandcertainlightindustrialproducts.In2019,HongKong'stotaltradeingoodswas8.4trillionHongKongdollars,ofwhichtotalgoodsexportswere4.0trillionHongKongdollarsandgoodsimportswere4.4trillionHongKongdollars.Thetotalvalueoftradeinservicesis1.4trillionHongKongdollars,ofwhichserviceexportsare0.8trillionHongKongdollarsandserviceimportsare0.6trillionHongKongdollars.

Transportation

UrbanTransportation

RailTransportation

MassTransitRailway(MTR))Isthemostimportantpublictransportintheurbanareaof​​HongKong.Itisdividedintonineroutes(6bytheMTRCorporationand3bytheformerKowloon-CantonRailwayCorporation),connectingHongKongIsland,Kowloon,TsuenWan,TungChung,TseungKwanO,SheungShui,MaOnShan,andtheNewTerritories.YuenLong,TuenMunandotherplaces.Startwalkingaround6ameverydayuntilmidnight,andthereisashifteveryfewminutes.ThefarerangesfromRMB4(twostations)toRMB51(LuohutoHongKongDisneyland).

Bus

Bus(bus)isoperatedbymanycompanies:NewWorldFirstBus,whichrunspartofHongKongIslandroutes;KMB,whichrunsallofKowloonandtheNewTerritories;CitybusrunspartofHongKongIslandroutes(theabovethreecompaniesallhavecross-harbourtunnelsorairportroutes);LantauIslandbusesonlyruntheisland’sonlymorethanadozenroutesandtworoutestoandfromShenzhenBayPort;LongWin,AsubsidiaryofKMB,operatesbusservicesbetweentheNewTerritoriesandtheairport.Thecityfarestartsatmorethantwoyuanpertrip.Publicsmall(type)buses(taxi)aredividedintotwotypes,greenbody(dedicatedline)andredbody,andthefareissimilartothatofbuses.

LightRail(LightRail)

ItrunsbetweenTuenMunandYuenLongintheNewTerritories,andtherearealsoshuttlebusestoremoteplaces.

Tram

Itonlyrunsintheurbanareaof​​HongKongIsland(northside),thefareisthecheapest(currentpriceis$3),butthespeedisslower,suchasashorttripTakearideorcitysightseeing,themostpleasant.

Ferry

StarFerry,NewWorldFirstFerry,YauMaTeiFerryCompany,HongKongandKowloonFerryCompany,etc.

Jointtraffic

Highway

HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge:TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgespanstheLingdingOceanandconnectstotheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionintheeast,AdjacenttoZhuhaiCityofGuangdongProvinceandMacauSpecialAdministrativeRegiontothewest,itisthefirstsuper-largecross-seatransportationprojectjointlyconstructedbyGuangdong,HongKongandMacaoundertheframeworkof"OneCountry,TwoSystems".ConstructionwasofficiallystartedinDecember2009andofficiallyopenedtotrafficonOctober24,2018Operations.

Railway

HungHomStation:Beijing-KowloonRailway

WestKowloonStation:Guangzhou-Shenzhen-HongKongExpressRailway

Maritime

HongKongisanimportantmaritimetransportationhubinAsia.Itusuallyprovidesabout340containershipservicestoabout470destinationsaroundtheworldeveryweek.Thecontainerthroughputin2019was1836.4TenthousandTEUs,rankingseventhintheglobalcontainerport.

TheVictoriaHarbourbetweenKowloonandHongKongIslandisoneoftheworld’sthreebestnaturalharboursduetoitswideanddeepwaterandsurroundedbyallsides.TheShenzhenRiveristheboundarylinebetweenHongKongandMainlandChina,creatingalandjunctionbetweenHongKongandMainlandChina.

Aviation

HongKongInternationalAirportistheworld’sbusiestcargohubandoneoftheworld’stoptenbusiestpassengerairports.Itusuallyprovidesmorethan1,100Thereareflightstoabout240destinationsaroundtheworld,includingabout50mainlandcities.In2019,HongKongAirport’saircargovolumewas4.8milliontonsandairpassengervolumewas71.5million.

SocialUndertakings

UrbanArchitecture

HongKongSkyscrapers(13photos)

HongKongCityisdominatedbymodernarchitecture,AlargenumberofskyscrapersaredistributedonbothsidesofVictoriaHarbour,andtherearemorethan3,000buildingsover90metersinheight.Oftheworld's100tallestresidentialbuildings,atleasthalfarelocatedinHongKong.ThenumberofskyscrapersinHongKongranksfirstintheworld.HongKong'sbuildingsincludetheBankofChinaTowerdesignedbyChinese-AmericanarchitectI.M.Pei,andtheHSBCBankHeadquartersBuildingdesignedbyarchitectNormanFoster.ThearchitecturaldesignofHongKongInternationalAirportwasalsowrittenbyhim.

Education

EducationPolicy

EducationexpenditureisthelargestitemofHongKonggovernment’soverallexpenditure.Itaccountedfornearlythetotalgovernmentexpenditureinthe2017-2018fiscalyearonefifth.Thegovernmenthasestablishedastudentfinancialassistanceprogramtoensurethatstudentswillnotbeunabletoreceiveeducationduetofinancialdifficulties,andhasimplementedvariousmeasurestoensurethatHongKongmaintainsahighlevelofeducation.HongKong’seducationsystemisroughlydividedintothefollowingparts:

1.Freepre-schooleducation:Throughprivatekindergartensandkindergartens,pre-schoolchildrenareprovidedwithopportunitiestolearnandgetalongwiththegroup.

2.Twelve-yearfreeeducation:setupgovernment-fundedorsubsidizedprimaryandsecondaryschoolsandpreschoolchildrenthroughoutHongKongtoprovidesix-yearprimaryschoolandthree-yearjuniorhighschoolcoursesforschool-agechildreninHongKong.

3.Highschoolandpreparatorycourses:setupatwo-yearhighschool(secondaryfourandfive)toprovidestudentswiththemostbasiceducationbeforework;setupatwo-yearpreparatorycourse(secondarysixandseven),Asacoursepreparationforstudentsbeforeapplyingforuniversity.

StartinginSeptember2007,HongKonghasimplementedanew"three,three,four"academicsystem,namelythreeyearsinjuniorhighschool,threeyearsinhighschool,andfouryearsinuniversity,whichhaschangedthetraditionalBritishuniversitysystem(threeyears).Andtheimplementationofthefour-yearuniversitysystem.

Educationalinstitutions

HighereducationinHongKongincludesstatutoryuniversities,statutorycolleges,registeredpost-secondarycolleges,VocationalTrainingCouncilinstitutionsandgeneralinstitutions.Thereare22highereducationinstitutionsthatcanawarddegrees.

HongKonguniversities(7photos)

StatutoryuniversitiesrefertothoseapprovedandapprovedbytheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioninCouncilandtherelevantlawspassedthroughthethirdreadingoftheLegislativeCouncil,Tobecomeastatutoryuniversityregulatedbyindependentlaws.Asofnow,thereare11statutoryuniversitiesinHongKong(seethetablebelow).
HongKongStatutoryUniversity

TheUniversityofHongKong

TheChineseUniversityofHongKong

TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology

HongKongBaptistUniversity

TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity

CityUniversityofHongKong

LingnanUniversity

TheEducationUniversityofHongKong

TheOpenUniversityofHongKong

HongKongShueYanUniversity

HangSengUniversityofHongKong

Statutorycollege:HongKongAcademyforPerformingArts.

VocationalTrainingCouncilinstitutions:HongKongInstituteofHigherEducationandTechnology.

Registeredpost-secondarycolleges:CaritasInstituteofHigherEducation,MingTakCollege,ZhuhaiCollege,TungWahCollege,WangEnChristianCollege,HongKongCollege,HongKongNengYanCollege,HongKongWollongongCollege,YewChungEarlychildhoodeducationcollege.

AccordingtotheAsianUniversityRankingspublishedbyTimesHigherEducationinJune2021,theUniversityofHongKongrankedfourthinAsia,theChineseUniversityofHongKongandtheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyrankedseventhandeighthrespectively,makingHongKongatopteninAsia.Qiangzhongwonthreeseats.

EntertainmentMedia

PopMusic

CantoneseoperawaspopularentertainmentinHongKongintheearlyyears.The1930swasthegoldenageofCantoneseoperaItisalsothemostcommonentertainmentforHongKongcitizens.Duringthisperiod,HongKong’spopularcultureandGuangzhouareseparatedbyastripofwater,andnouniqueHongKongculturehasbeenformed.Afterthe1950s,HongKongabsorbedthepopularcultureofShanghai,coupledwithmanyyearsofinfluencefromEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Sincethe1970s,theHongKongoralinterpretationmethodcreatedbyXuGuanjiehasdriventhetrendofChinesesongs,whichhasplayedadecisiveroleinthepromotionanddevelopmentof"Cantonesepopmusic".effect.

The1980swerenotonlythedayswhenHongKong’sCantonesepopmusicflourished,butalsotheheydayofHongKong’smusicscene.Atthattime,HongKong'spopmusicledtheAsianChinesesongtrend.AlthoughresidentsofsomepartsofthemainlandandTaiwandidnotunderstandCantonese,theylikedtolistentoCantonesepopmusic.XuGuanjie,GuJiahui,HuangZhanandothersareactivelyinvolvedinsongcreation,andtheBeyondbandinsistsonoriginalmusicandvigorouslypromoteslocalmusic.Inthe1980s,XuXiaofeng,AlanTam,LeslieCheung,andAnitaMuidominatedtheHongKongmusicscene.ThesesingershavefansinallChineseregionsandaremoreactivelyparticipatinginmovies.Thisisaboxofficeguaranteeandacompletesound,colorandart.Fromtheendofthe1980stothebeginningofthe1990s,therewereotherpopularsingersorbandssuchasLuoWen,LinZixiang,WangJie,ChenBaiqiang,YeQianwen,LinYilian,PriscillaChan,GuanShuyi,HackenLee,DamingSchool,Grasshopper,FayeWongandthe"FourHeavenlyKings"JackyCheung,AndyLau,LimingandAaronKwok,thesesingers/groupsallshineintheChinesemusicscene.Inthe2000s,singers/groupssuchasNicholasTse,LeoKu,EasonChan,Twins,etc.werealsorareoutstandingsingers.

HongKongMovies

HongKongmoviesbeganin1913,thefirstHongKongmovie"ZhuangziTestsHisWife".AftertheSecondWorldWar,alargenumberofmainlandfilmtalentsandfundswentsouth,HongKongestablishedanumberoffilmcompanies,whichmadeCantonesefilmsprosperedinthe1950s.Amongthem,the"HuangFeihong"seriesoffilmscreatedin1949,morethan60consecutivefilmswereshot,becomingthelongest-livedseriesinthehistoryoftheworld.Foraperiodoftime,EastAsiangovernmentsonlyallowedtheimportofHongKongfilms,givingHongKongthetitleof"OrientalHollywood":ChuYuan,ChowYun-fat,ZhaoYazhi,LeslieCheung,BruceLee,WongKarWai,WuYusen,TsuiHark,XuAnhua,ChenGuo,MichelleYeoh,JetLi,JackieChan,MaggieCheung,AndyLau,TonyLeung,NicholasTse,ZhengShaoqiu,StephenChowareallwell-knowninternationally.TheHongKongInternationalFilmFestivalandtheHongKongFilmAwards,heldbetweenMarchandAprileachyear,areannualeventsintheHongKongfilmindustry.

Thedevelopmentofthefilmandtelevisionindustry

The1980swastheheydayofHongKongfilms.Duringthepeakperiod,theannualoutputofHongKongfilmsreached300films,surpassingAtthattime,Indiawastheworld'slargestfilmproducer.Sincethelate1990s,withthedevelopmentandpopularizationoftechnologiessuchasVCDandDVD,HongKong'sfilmindustrybegantodecline.In2004,only60filmswereshot.

HongKongFilmAwards

HongKongFilmAwards,HongKongFilmCriticsSocietyAwards,AsianFilmAwards.

HongKongMedia

CommercialTVstations:WirelessTV(includingwirelesspayTV),AsianTV,cableTV,nowbroadbandTV,HongKongbroadbandbbTV,satelliteTV,PhoenixSatelliteTV.

CommercialRadio:HongKongRadio,HongKongCommercialRadio.

Mediaonpaper:Asofthebeginningof2013,therewere22Chinesedailynewspapers,13Englishdailynewspapers,7bilingualdailynewspapersinChineseandEnglish,and5JapanesenewspapersregisteredinHongKongasofthebeginningof2013.OftheChinese-languagenewspapers,17reportmainlyonHongKongandworldnews.

SocialSecurity

PolicyStatus

HongKongisasafecity.Comparedwithmanymajorinternationalcities,theoverallcrimerateremainsunchangedAtalowlevel.TheoverallcrimenumberinHongKongin2018was54,225,thelowestsince1974.FirearmscontrolinHongKongisverystrict.Itisextremelydifficultforanyonetoownafirearm.Therearepolicepatrolsintheurbanandsuburbanareas,sothelawandorderinHongKongisgooddayandnight.

HongKongPolice

TheHongKongPoliceisoneofHongKong’sdisciplinaryforces.AsofSeptember30,2019,theHongKongPoliceForcehad31,083disciplinedpersonneland4,618civilianpersonnel.TheHongKongPoliceDepartmentistheHongKongPoliceForce.

ThefullnameofHongKongPTUisPoliceTacticalUnit,referredtoasTacticalUnit,commonlyknownasBlueHat.Foundedin1958,itbelongstotheOperationsDepartmentofthePoliceCommandoftheOperationsDepartmentoftheHongKongPoliceForce.Itisaparamilitaryriotpolice..In1968,thepolicetrainingdetachmentchangeditsorganizationandchangeditsnametothePoliceTacticalUnit.AfterthePoliceTacticalUnitbecameasemi-militarizedunit,theseniorofficialsbelievedthattheiruniformsneededtobechanged.WiththeconsentoftheCommissionerofPolice,in1969allofficerswerereplacedwithblueberets,footstrapsandmilitaryboots.,Sothearmyhasthecommonnameofbluehat.ThemodeofoperationoftheHongKongPTUistoregularlytransferpoliceofficersfromdifferentpolicedepartments.AftercompletingthePTUtasks,theywillbedisbandedandtheteammemberswillbeassignedtovariouspolicedepartments.AtPTU,thepolicewillreceivevarioustrainingssuchasphysicalfitness,riotcontrol,andtactics.

Politics

BasicPolicy

Intheearly1980s,inordertorealizethepeacefulreunificationofthecountry,thenationalleaderDengXiaopingcreativelyputforwardthescientificconceptof"OneCountry,TwoSystems",AndwasfirstusedtosolvetheHongKongproblem.AccordingtoDengXiaoping'sargument,"onecountry,twosystems"meansthatunderthepremiseofoneChina,themainbodyofthecountryadherestothesocialistsystem,andHongKong,Macau,andTaiwanmaintaintheiroriginalcapitalistsystemsforalongtime.ThepolicyofHongKongwillremainunchangedfor50yearsafteritsreturntothemotherland,andtherewillbenoneedtochangeitafter50years.

AfterHongKongreturnedtothemotherland,"OneCountry,TwoSystems"changedfromascientificconcepttoavividreality.ThecentralgovernmentactsinstrictaccordancewiththeHongKongBasicLaw,earnestlyfulfillsitsconstitutionalresponsibilities,andfirmlysupportstheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionandthegovernmentingoverninginaccordancewiththelaw;theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionimplementsahighdegreeofautonomyinaccordancewiththelaw,andenjoysadministrativepower,legislativepower,independentjudicialpower,andfinaladjudicationpower.Continuetomaintaintheoriginalcapitalistsystemandwayoflifeunchanged,thelawsremainbasicallyunchanged,continuetomaintainprosperityandstability,andallundertakingsdevelopinanall-roundway.

ThecentralgovernmenthasthepowertoadministertheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,whichincludesboththepowerdirectlyexercisedbythecentralgovernmentandtheauthorizationoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontoexerciseahighdegreeofautonomyinaccordancewiththelaw.WithregardtothehighdegreeofautonomyoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,theCentralGovernmenthassupervisorypowers.

Thecentralgovernmentadherestotwopointsinimplementingthe"OneCountry,TwoSystems"policy.Gointherightdirection.

Continuouslyadvancingthesuccessfulpracticeof"OneCountry,TwoSystems"inHongKongisanimportantpartoftheChineseDream.ItisnecessarytobuildtheMainlandwherethesocialistsystemisimplemented,andHongKongwherethecapitalistsystemisimplemented.

ThebasicguidelinesandpoliciesofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatowardsHongKongareasfollows:

DecidedtoestablishtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioninaccordancewithArticle31oftheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawhentheexerciseofsovereigntyoverHongKongisrestored.

(2)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionisdirectlyundertheCentralPeople’sGovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionenjoysahighdegreeofautonomywiththeexceptionofforeignaffairsanddefenseaffairsthatareunderthemanagementoftheCentralPeople'sGovernment.

(3)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionenjoysadministrativepower,legislativepower,independentjudicialpowerandfinaladjudicationpower.Thecurrentlawsremainbasicallyunchanged.

(4)ThegovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionshallbecomposedoflocalpeople.ThechiefexecutiveiselectedornegotiatedlocallyandappointedbytheCentralPeople'sGovernment.PrincipalofficialsarenominatedbytheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionandreportedtotheCentralPeople'sGovernmentforappointment.ChineseandforeigncivilservantsandpoliceofficerswhooriginallyservedinvariousgovernmentdepartmentsinHongKongcanberetained.GovernmentdepartmentsoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionmayhireBritishorotherforeignerstoserveasconsultantsorcertainpublicpositions.

(5)HongKong’scurrentsocialandeconomicsystemremainsunchanged;thelifestyleremainsunchanged.TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionprotectstherightsandfreedomsoftheperson,speech,publication,assembly,association,travel,migration,correspondence,strikes,choiceofoccupationandacademicresearch,andreligiousbeliefinaccordancewiththelaw.Privateproperty,corporateownership,legalinheritancerights,andforeigninvestmentareallprotectedbylaw.

(6)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillmaintainthestatusofafreeportandanindependentcustomsterritory.

(7)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillmaintainitsstatusasaninternationalfinancialcenter,continuetoopenmarketssuchasforeignexchange,gold,securities,andfutures,withfreeflowoffunds.TheHongKongdollarcontinuestocirculateandisfreelyconvertible.

(8)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillmaintainfinancialindependence.TheCentralPeople'sGovernmentdoesnotlevytaxesontheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion.

(9)HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioncanestablishmutuallybeneficialeconomicrelationswiththeUnitedKingdomandothercountries.TheeconomicinterestsoftheUnitedKingdomandothercountriesinHongKongwillbetakencareof.

(10)TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionmayindependentlymaintainanddevelopeconomicandculturalrelationsandsignrelevantagreementswithcountries,regionsandrelevantinternationalorganizationsinthenameof"HongKong,China".

ThegovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioncanissuetraveldocumentsintoHongKongonitsown.

(11)PublicsecurityintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionismaintainedbytheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernment.

(12)Regardingtheabove-mentionedbasicguidelinesandpoliciesofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatowardsHongKongandthespecificexplanationoftheabove-mentionedbasicguidelinesandpoliciesintheannextothisjointstatement,theNationalPeople’sCongressofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawillItisstipulatedintheBasicLawoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionandwillremainunchangedfor50years.

Politicalstructure

TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionisalocaladministrativeregionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,directlyundertheCentralPeople’sGovernment.TheNationalPeople'sCongressauthorizedtheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontoexerciseahighdegreeofautonomyinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheBasicLaw,andenjoyadministrativemanagement,legislativepower,independentjudicialpower,andfinaladjudicationpower.

SpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernment

TheChiefExecutiveoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionistheheadoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionandrepresentstheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion.HeisbothresponsibletotheCentralPeople’sGovernmentandtotheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionResponsible.TheChiefExecutiveisalsotheheadofthegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andheperformstheauthoritygrantedbytheBasicLawtoleadthegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,toberesponsiblefortheimplementationoftheBasicLaw,andotherfunctionsandpowersinaccordancewiththelaw.TheChiefExecutivemustimplementtheinstructionsissuedbytheCentralPeople'sGovernmentonmattersrelatedtotheHongKongBasicLawwhenexercisinghispowers.

ThegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionshallbecomposedofpermanentresidentsofHongKonginaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheBasicLaw.ItshallsetuptheSecretaryofStateAffairs,theDepartmentofFinance,theDepartmentofJusticeandvariousbureaus,divisions,anddepartmentstoexercisetheformulationandimplementationofpoliciesandmanagevariousadministrationsstipulatedintheBasicLaw.Affairsandotherpowers.TheadministrativepowerenjoyedbytheSpecialAdministrativeRegionisextremelywide,coveringthefieldsofeconomy,education,science,culture,sports,religion,socialservices,socialsecurity,andentryandexitmanagement.Inaddition,undertheauthorizationofthecentralgovernment,thespecialadministrativeregionalsoenjoyscertainrightsinforeignaffairs.

TheChiefExecutiveiselectedornegotiatedlocallyinHongKongandappointedbytheCentralPeople'sGovernment.Thetermofofficeis5years.ThecurrentChiefExecutiveisCarrieLam.

TheExecutiveCounciloftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionisanorganizationthatassiststheChiefExecutiveinmakingdecisions.ItsmembersareappointedbytheChiefExecutivefromamongtheprincipalgovernmentofficials,membersoftheLegislativeCouncil,andmembersofthepublic.

ThegovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionistheadministrativeagencyoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion.TheGovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionhastheDepartmentofAdministration,Finance,DepartmentofJustice,andvariousbureaus,divisions,anddepartments.AccordingtotheBasicLaw,theprincipalofficialsofthegovernmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionarenominatedbytheChiefExecutiveandsubmittedtotheCentralPeople'sGovernmentforappointment.ThecurrentChiefSecretaryforAdministrationisLiJiachao,theFinancialSecretaryisChenMaobo,andtheSecretaryforJusticeisZhengRuohua.

Title

Department

ChiefExecutive

CivilServiceCommission,OfficeofTheOmbudsman,IndependentCommissionAgainstCorruption,AuditCommission,CentralPolicyUnit(SecretaryoftheStrategicDevelopmentCommittee),ChiefExecutive’sOffice

ChiefSecretaryforAdministration

OfficeoftheChiefSecretaryforAdministration[AdministrativeDepartment>(Concierge,GovernmentArchives,formerChiefExecutive’sOffice)],EfficiencyPromotionTeam(1823CallCenter),PolicyandProjectCoordinationOffice

CivilServiceBureau:JointSecretariatofthePublicServiceandJudicialStaffSalariesandConditionsofServiceAdvisoryCommittee

ConstitutionalandMainlandAffairsBureaub>:RegistrationandElectoralOffice,BeijingOfficeoftheGovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,HongKongEconomicandTradeOffice(Mainland),HongKongEconomic,TradeandCulturalOffice

EducationBureau(CharityYouthMission):UniversityGrantsCommitteeSecretariat,StudentFinancialAssistanceAgency

EnvironmentBureau(SustainabilityDivision):EnvironmentalProtectionDepartment

FoodandHealthBureau:Agriculture,FisheriesandConservationDepartment,DepartmentofHealth(CentreforHealthProtection,TobaccoControlOfficeofDepartmentofHealth),FoodandEnvironmentalHygieneDepartment(CentreforFoodSafety),GovernmentLaboratory

HomeAffairsBureau:HomeAffairsDepartment,InformationServicesDepartment,LegalAidDepartment(LegalRepresentativeOffice),LeisureandCulturalServicesDepartment(AntiquitiesandMonumentsOffice,HongKongPhilharmonicOrchestra)

LaborandWelfareBureau:LaborDepartment,SocialWelfareDepartment(ChuangyeXuan)

SecurityBureau(NarcoticsDivision):AuxiliaryMedicalService,PublicSafetyServiceTeam,CorrectionalServicesDepartment,HongKongCustoms,HongKongFireServicesDepartment,GovernmentFlyingService,HongKongPoliceForce(HongKongAuxiliaryPoliceForce),ImmigrationDepartment,InterceptionofCommunicationsandSurveillanceCommissionerSecretariat

TransportandHousingBureau:CivilAviationDepartment,HighwaysDepartment,HousingDepartment,MarineDepartment,TransportDepartment

FinancialSecretary

OfficeoftheFinancialSecretary(EconomicAnalysisandBusinessFacilitationOffice),HongKongMonetaryAuthority

CommerceandEconomicDevelopmentBureau(CommerceandIndustryAndTourismBranch>TourismCommission>TravelAgentsRegistry,CommunicationsandCreativeIndustriesBranch):HongKongObservatory,IntellectualPropertyDepartment,InvestmentPromotionAgency,OfficeofCommunicationsAuthority(Film,NewspaperandArticleManagementOffice),PostOffice,RadioTelevisionHongKong,TradeandIndustryDepartment,HongKongEconomicandTradeOffice(Overseas)

InnovationandTechnologyBureau:InnovationandTechnologyCommission,GovernmentInformationOfficeoftheChiefTechnologyOfficer

DevelopmentBureau:ArchitecturalServicesDepartment,BuildingsDepartment,CivilEngineeringandDevelopmentDepartment,DrainageServicesDepartment,ElectricalandMechanicalServicesDepartment,LandsDepartment,LandRegistry,PlanningDepartment,WaterSuppliesDepartment

FinancialServicesandtheTreasuryBureau[FinancialServicesBranch>(InsiderTradingTribunal,SecuritiesandFuturesAppealsTribunal),TreasuryBranch]:CensusandStatisticsDepartment,CompaniesRegistry,GovernmentLogisticsServicesAgency,GovernmentPropertyAgency,InlandRevenueDepartment(TaxAppealBoard),OfficeoftheCommissionerofInsurance,OfficialReceiver'sOffice,RatingandValuationDepartment,TreasuryDepartment

SecretaryofJustice

DepartmentofJustice

TheLegislature

TheLegislativeCounciloftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionistheSpecialAdministrativeRegionThelegislatureiselectedandexercisesitspowersinaccordancewiththeBasicLaw,includingenacting,amendingandrepealinglawsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheBasicLawandinaccordancewithlegalprocedures;reviewingandapprovingbudgetsbasedongovernmentproposals;approvingtaxationandpublicexpenditures,etc.ThelegislativepowerenjoyedbytheSpecialAdministrativeRegionisextremelybroad,andlawsapplicabletotheSpecialAdministrativeRegioncanbeformulatedinaccordancewiththeBasicLawincivil,criminal,commercial,andlitigationprocedures.LawsenactedbytheLegislativeCounciloftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionmustbereportedtotheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressfortherecord.

ThesixthtermoftheLegislativeCouncilwaselectedinSeptember2016.Thetotalnumberofseatsis70,with35seatseachbeingdirectlyelectedbydistrictsandfunctionalgroups.ThecurrentChairmanoftheLegislativeCouncilisLiangJunyan.

OnAugust11,2020,the21stmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheThirteenthNationalPeople’sCongresspassedthe"StandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongressRegardingtheContinuedPerformanceoftheSixthLegislativeCounciloftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion"decision".

JudicialOrgans

ThecourtsatalllevelsoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionarethejudicialorgansoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andtheyexercisejudicialpowerindependentlyinaccordancewiththelaw.AftertheestablishmentoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion,theCourtofFinalAppealshallbeestablishedtoexercisethepoweroffinaladjudicationoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegion.ThejudicialsystemoriginallyimplementedinHongKongshallberetainedexceptforchangescausedbytheestablishmentoftheCourtofFinalAppeal.ThecommonlawandrelatedjudicialprinciplesandsystemspreviouslyimplementedinHongKong,includingtheprincipleofindependenttrial,theprincipleoffollowingprecedent,andtheprincipleofjurysystem,willcontinuetobeimplemented.

ThecourtsoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionhavenojurisdictionovernationalactssuchasnationaldefenseandforeignaffairs.InadditiontocontinuingtomaintainHongKong’soriginallegalsystemandprinciplesonthecourt’sjurisdiction,theyhavejurisdictionoverallcasesintheSpecialAdministrativeRegion..ThecourtsoftheSpecialAdministrativeRegionmayrefertothejudicialprecedentsofothercommonlawjurisdictionswhenadjudicatingcases,andtheCourtofFinalAppealmayinvitejudgesfromothercommonlawjurisdictionstoparticipateinthetrialasneeded.

TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionhasestablishedtheCourtofFinalAppeal,theHighCourt,theDistrictCourt,theMagistratesCourtandotherspecializedcourts.ThecurrentChiefJusticeoftheCourtofFinalAppealisZhangJuneng.

TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruption

TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionofHongKong(ICAC),formerlyknownasthe"IndependentCommissioneroftheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionoftheGovernor",wasestablishedonFebruary17,1974.Changeditsnameto"HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruption".TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptioniscomposedofcommissioners,deputycommissionersandotherappointedpersonnel.ThecurrentCommissioneroftheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionisBaiYunliu.

TheIndependentCommissionAgainstCorruptionisanindependentanti-corruptionagencyseparatedfromallgovernmentagencies.ThestaffoftheICACarenotaffiliatedwiththegovernment’scivilservicestructure.Heisresponsibleandhandlesallanti-corruptionworkindependentlyintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioninaccordancewithArticle57oftheHongKongBasicLaw.

RegionalFlagandRegionalEmblem

RegionalFlag

TheregionalflagoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionusesredasthebackgroundandredandwhiteasasymbolOnecountry,twosystems.Thereisawhitebauhiniapatternwithafive-starstameninthecenter.ThebauhiniaisasymbolofHongKong.ThebloomingbauhiniasymbolizestheprosperityofHongKong.TheredbackgroundsymbolizesthatHongKongisalwaysbackedbythemotherland.

RegionalEmblem

TheregionalemblemoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegioniscircular,exceptforthosewith"HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"and"HONGKONG"writtenarounditInadditiontothestandardlettering,thereisalsoawhitefive-starbauhiniastamenpatternonaredbackground,whichhasthesamemeaningastheregionalflag.

HonorAwardSystem

HongKongAwardofHonorandRewardSystem

GeneralHonors

GreatBauhiniaMedal,GoldenBauhiniaStar,SilverBauhiniaStar,BronzeBauhiniaStar,MedalofHonor,ChiefExecutiveCommunityServiceCertificate,ChiefExecutive'sPublicServiceCertificate

HonorofBravery

GoldMedalofValor,SilverMedalofValor,BronzeMedalofValor

MilitaryHonor

MedalofExcellence,MedalofHonor,MedalofLong-termService

Thefirstmedaloflong-termserviceisaddedwithabuckle,awardedwithgoodcharacterandbehavior,andfullserviceMembersofthevarioustroopswhoperformedwellduringthe25years.

TheLongServiceMedalwillbeawardedwiththesecondbuckle,andwillbeawardedtothepersonnelofthevarioustroopswhohavegoodcharacterandbehaviorandhaveservedfor30yearsandhaveperformedwellduringtheperiod.

TheLongServiceMedalisaddedwiththethirdbuckle.Itisawardedtothetroopswhohavegoodcharacterandbehaviorandhaveservedfor33yearsandhaveperformedwellduringtheperiod.

HongKongagencies

TheLiaisonOfficeoftheCentralPeople’sGovernmentintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion

TheNationalSecurityOfficeoftheCentralPeople’sGovernmentintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion

TheOfficeoftheCommissioneroftheMinistryofForeignAffairsofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaintheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion

ChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyForcesinHongKong

ExternalAffairs

Accordingtothe"HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaAccordingtotheBasicLaw,theCentralPeople'sGovernmentisresponsibleforallforeignaffairs.TheCentralPeople'sGovernmentauthorizestheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiontohandlerelevantexternalaffairsonitsown.HongKongcanindependentlymaintainanddeveloprelationswithcountries,regionsandrelevantinternationalorganizationsintheworldunderthename"HongKong,China"inthefieldsofeconomy,trade,finance,shipping,communications,tourism,culture,sports,etc.,Signandperformrelevantagreements.TheinternationalorganizationsthatHongKongparticipatesinincludetheWorldTradeOrganization,theAsiaPacificEconomicCooperationOrganization,theAsianDevelopmentBank,theAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank,theBankforInternationalSettlements,andtheInternationalOlympicCommittee.

ChinafirmlyopposesanyforeigninterferenceinHongKongaffairsinanyway.

HistoryandCulture

Theoriginofthename

ThesceneryofHongKong(6photos)

Spice-related.DuringtheSongandYuandynasties,HongKongwasadministrativelysubordinatetoDongguan,Guangdong.BeginningintheMingDynasty,asmallharborinthesouthofHongKongIslandwasadistributionportfortransshipmentofspicesfromNanyue.ItwasfamousfortransshipmentofspicesproducedinDongguan,Guangdong,andwascalled"HongKong".ItissaidthatthespicestransportedinHongKongatthattimewereofhighqualityandwerecalled"HainanRare".ManylocalpeopleinHongKongalsoplantedspicesastheirbusiness.TogetherwiththespicesgrowninHongKong,HongKongbecamewell-knownandgraduallybecamerecognizedbythenearandfar.Soonthiskindofspicewaslistedasatributetotheemperor,andcreatedtheprosperityoftheincensemakinganddeliveryindustryatthattime.Butlater,thevillagersrefusedtoplantit,andtheplantingandtransshipmentofspicesgraduallydisappeared,butthenameHongKongwasretained.

Thesecondstatement:HongKongisanaturalharbor.Therearestreamsnearbythataresweetandfragrant.Sailorsfromtheseaoftencomeheretofetchwaterfordrinking.Overtime,thesweetandfragrantstreamsbecamefamous.Itwascalled"Xiangjiang",andthesmallharborformedbythealluvialaccumulationoftheXiangjiangRiverintotheseabegantobecalled"HongKong".AgroupofBritishpeoplecameashorefromthisharbourwhentheylandedonHongKongIsland,sotheyalsonamedtheentireislandwiththeword"HongKong".Tothisday,"HongKong"isstillanothernameforHongKong.

Althoughtherearedifferentopinions,itisgenerallycertainthatthenameofHongKongfirstappearedintheMingDynasty.ItoriginallyreferredtoasmallharborandsmallvillageonHongKongIslandtoday,andwaslaterexpandedtoThenameoftheentireisland(HongKongIsland)finallybecamethecollectivenamefortheentireareaoccupiedbytheBritishcolonialistsintheearly19thcentury.

TheEnglishnameofHongKongisbasedontheCantonesepronunciation.ItwasoriginallytranslatedasHeungKong.ManywaterresidentsinHongKongpronounce"香"as"Kang",sotheEnglishnamehasbeenchangedtoHongKong.

Languages

The"twolanguages​​andthreelanguages"(i.e.Chinese,English,Mandarin,CantoneseandEnglish)prevailinHongKong,andbothChineseandEnglisharetheofficiallanguages​​ofHongKong.Accordingto2016statistics,88.9%ofHongKongresidentsuseCantoneseindailyhabits,4.3%useEnglish,1.9%useMandarin,3.1%useotherChinesedialects,and1.9%useotherlanguages..SinceHongKongwasstillunderBritishcolonialrulewhensimplifiedcharacterswereintroducedinMainlandChina,themostcommonlyusedChinesecharacterscriptinHongKongwasTraditionalChinese.

Opera

CantoneseoperaisarepresentativetraditionalperformingartinHongKong,andithasbecomeanimportantmarkofHongKong’slocalculture.CantoneseoperaisafavoriteformofentertainmentforthepeopleofHongKong.TherearetwoclimaxesintheperformancehistoryofHongKongCantoneseopera.Thefirstwasinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.AlthoughHongKongwasruledbytheBritishHongKongauthorities,ithadnoboundarieswithGuangdongculturally,atleastintermsofdrama.ThemostinfluentialCantoneseoperatroupeiscommonlyknownasthe"ProvinceandHongKongTaipan".AlmostallfamousCantoneseoperaactors,whoareaccustomedtocallthem"BigBrothers",travelledaroundHongKongandGuangzhou,creatingCantoneseoperainbothprovincesandHongKong.Acommonprosperityscene.Thesecondclimaxisthepresentmoment.ItismoreorlessstimulatedbytherecognitionofCantoneseoperaasa"intangibleculturalheritagemasterpiece"byUNESCO,andHongKong'sCantoneseoperaperformanceshaveformedanewupsurge.TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofCantoneseoperaart.Inordertosupporttheresearch,promotionandsustainabledevelopmentofCantoneseopera,ithasestablishedtheCantoneseOperaDevelopmentAdvisoryCommitteeandtheCantoneseOperaDevelopmentFund.

Customs

YellowSpringFlowerMarket,visitingtheflowermarketduringtheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportantSpringFestivalcustomsforHongKongpeople,especiallyonNewYear’sEve,almosteveryhouseholdhastogototheflowermarketCome,pickflowersorpottedplants.Iwishgoodhealth,academicprogressandsuccessinmycareerinthecomingyear.

LiondanceisalsoknownasliondanceinHongKong.Thereisatraditionofliondanceperformanceduringfestivalsandstoreopenings.HongKonghasasmalllandwithalargepopulationanddensebuildings,sofirecrackersarenotallowedduringtheSpringFestival.However,HongKongpeopleenjoyalivelyandfestiveNewYear,andthedragonandliondancehasbecomearegularprogramoftheSpringFestivalsincethelastcentury.EveryyeartoHongKongtowatchdragonandliondanceperformanceshasbecomeamust-seeformanytourists.

HongKongretainsmanytraditionalfolkcustomsoftheDragonBoatFestival,suchastheholdingofdragonboatraces,the"paperdragon"ceremony,theuseofdragonboatsforsacrifices,dragonboatwaterrides,andtheeatingofzongzi.HongKongpeoplecalldragonboating"dragonboats".Thiscustomhasbeenaroundforalongtime.TheearliestrecordedDragonBoatFestivalwasheldinNorthPoint,EasternDistrictofHongKongIslandin1919,andthenevolvedintoanannualracingcompetition.InrecentyearsInternationaldragonboatraceswillalsobeheld.

Religion

LifeinHongKong(6photos)

AlmostallmajorreligionsintheworldarebelievedininHongKong.TheChinesemainlybelieveinBuddhismandTaoism.Therearemorethan360monasteriesinHongKong,40publictemples,24TinHautemples,andtheRomanCatholicBishop'sMissionDistrictoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwasestablishedin1841.In1991,therewereapproximately258,000CatholicsinHongKong.TheCatholicChurchhasschools,hospitalsandsocialservicecentersinHongKong.ChristianitywasintroducedtoHongKongin1841.Therearenowmorethan50denominationswith285,000followers.Italsorunsschools,hospitalsandsocialservicecentersinHongKong.Otherreligionsinclude:about50,000Muslims,morethanhalfofwhomareChinese,andabout12,000Hindus;therearealsoafewSikhsandJews.

ReligiousfreedomisoneofthebasicrightsenjoyedbyHongKongresidentsandisprotectedbytheBasicLawandrelevantlaws.HongKongpeoplebelieveindifferentreligions.Buddhism,Taoism,Confucianism,Christianity,Catholicism,Islam,Hinduism,SikhismandJudaismallhavemanyfollowers.Inadditiontopromotingteachings,manymajorreligiousgroupsalsorunschoolsandprovidehealthandwelfareservices.

IntangibleHeritage

ThebirthdayofHongKongTinHauandChinesegownmakingskillsareincludedinthefifthbatchofnationalintangibleculturalheritagerepresentativeitems.Previously,10intangibleculturalheritageprojectsinHongKonghavebeenincludedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelist,includingCantoneseopera,herbaltea,CheungChauTaipingglutinousrice,TaiODragonBoatFestivalDragonBoatRide,HongKongChicYulanShenghui,TaiHangFireDragonDance,Guqinart,QuanzhenTaoistritualmusic,HakkaunicorndanceinHangHauSaiKung,andWongTaiSinbeliefsandcustoms.

PublicHolidays

HongKong’spublicholidaysincorporatethecharacteristicsofEasternandWesterncultures.Thereareatotalof17daysthroughouttheyear,namely:NewYear’sDay,ChineseNewYear(threedays),ChingMingFestival,andResurrectionFestival(threedays),LaborDayonMay1st,Buddha'sBirthdayonthe8thdayofthefourthlunarmonth,DragonBoatFestivalonthefifthdayofthelunarmonth,DragonBoatFestivalonthefifthdayofthelunarcalendar,theanniversaryoftheestablishmentoftheSpecialEconomicZoneonJuly1,thedayfollowingtheMid-AutumnFestival,theNationalDayonOctober1,theDoubleNinthFestival,Christmas(twodays).HongKonghaslonglistedtraditionalfestivalswithChineseculturalcharacteristicsasholidays,whichhasalsodeeplyaffectedthemainland.Since2009,themainlandofChinahaslistedsomefestivalswithChinesecharacteristicsasnationalunifiedstatutoryholidays.

GamingandEntertainment

Inthefouryearsfrom1867(thesixthyearofTongzhiintheQingDynasty)to1871,HongKongallowedlegalcasinos.Atthattimetherewere12legalcasinos.In1871,duetointernalandexternalpressuresRegardingsocialissues,HongKongbanscasinogambling.ThefirstChinesehospitalinHongKong,DonghuaHospital,wascreatedwithgamblingratesandcasinocharityfundscollectedoverfouryears.

Horseracingandhorseracingbetting(horsebetting)areentertainmentsthatmanyHongKongcitizensparticipatein.Therearemorethan60daysofhorseracinginaracingseasonfromSeptembertoJuneofthefollowingyeareachyear.DayracesaremostlyheldinShaTinonSaturdaysandSundays,andnightracesaremoreoftenheldinHappyValleyonWednesdaynights.Spectatorscanbuyticketstowatchandplacebets.ThereisadirecttraintoShaTinRacecourseonracedays.TheHongKongJockeyClubhasmorethan100bettingstationsinvariousdistricts.Inadditiontohorsebetting,theMarkSixlotteryandfootballbettingstartedin2004arealsooperatedbytheHongKongJockeyClub.

TheCityofEvents

HongKonghostsvarioustypesofcultural,recreational,andsportseventseveryyear.LargereventsincludetheHongKongArtsFestival,HongKongArtBasel,andHongKongInternationalFilmFestival.,FrenchMayArtFestival,ChineseOperaFestival,InternationalVarietyCarnival,HongKongInternationalRugbySevens,Six-a-sideWoodballTournamentandInternationalHorseRacing.HongKongathleteshavealsoparticipatedinmanylarge-scaleinternationalsportsgames,suchastheAsianGamesandtheEastAsianGames.HongKonghostedtheFifthEastAsianGamesinDecember2009.

TheWestKowloonCulturalDistrictisacomprehensiveculturalvenuethatincludesart,educationalfacilitiesandpublicspaces.TheHongKongPalaceMuseumisscheduledtoopenin2022.

TherearemanybarsinLanKwaiFong,"Soho"district,LockhartRoad,WanChai,CausewayBayandTsimShaTsui(NathanRoad,AshleyRoad,KnutsfordTerrace,PekingRoad)inCentral,HongKong,Karaokevenues,nightclubsandloungesareallplacesthatresidentsandtouristsvisit.

Specialtycuisine

AmongtherichanddiversecuisinesinHongKong,Cantonesecuisinehasbeenpasseddownforacenturyasthemaincuisine,anditscharmisundiminished.IntheHongKongversionofthe"MichelinGuide"launchedin2017,tworestaurantsoperatingtraditionalCantonesecuisinewonthehighestMichelinthree-star.HongKong’straditionallocaldishesaremainlyCantonesedishes,whilePoonChoiisatraditionaldishfortheindigenousinhabitantsoftheNewTerritoriesduringfestivals.AsHongKongisclosetotheocean,seafoodisalsoacommondish,andtyphoondisheslikefriedcrabsintyphoonsheltershavealsodeveloped.

HongKonggatherscuisinesfromallovertheworld,andsomestreetsinHongKong'sMongKok,CausewayBay,EastTsimShaTsuiandKowloonCityarefullofrestaurants.TherearerestaurantsfullofAsianflavorsalloverHongKong,spicyThaisoup,fragrantIndiancurry,Koreanbarbecue,Vietnamesesaladrolls,Japanesesushiandotherspecialties.ChineserestaurantsinHongKongprovidespecialtiesfromalloverChina,especiallyCantoneserestaurants.OtherauthenticdishesincludeChaozhoucuisine,Hunancuisine,Sichuancuisine,Beijingcuisine,Shanghaicuisine,etc.,aswellasvegetariandishesthatpayattentiontovegetariandishes.ThereisalsoteawithtraditionalCantonesedimsumforbreakfast.

HongKongfoodisalsodeeplyinfluencedbyforeignfoodculture.TherearemanybarsinSoho,WanChaiandTsimShaTsuiinCentral.TheOktoberfesthasbeenheldonCantonRoadinTsimShaTsuieveryyearsince1991.Intermsoffastfood,AmericanfastfoodismainlyoperatedbyMcDonald'sandKFC,andHongKonghasalsodevelopeditsownHongKong-stylefastfood,whichisrepresentedbyCafédeCoral,BigHappinessandMaxim'sfastfood.

HongKongisatraditionalfoodthatispopularamongthepeopleandhasalwaystakenrootinHongKong,suchasricecakes,ricedumplings,fishballs,eggtarts,smallpeachcakes,almondcakes,blindmalecakes,chickencakes,smallcoconutpiles,peanutcakes,sesameseedsBiscuits,AcaciaCrisp,ChessCakes,FriedRiceBiscuits,LatticeBiscuits,PeanutCandy,PouchNoodles,EggWaffles,Peanuts,SouthernFrankincenseCrispyCorners,etc.

Scenicspots

Overview

HongKonghastraditionalancestraltemples,clan-enclosedvillagesintheNewTerritories,andeventempleslocatedinthebusycity.Visitorscanparticipateinthe"RoamingAncientandModernArchitecture"hostedbytheHongKongTourismBoard.

Mainattractions

Regions

ScenicSpots

HongKongIsland

Central

Central,LegislativeCouncilBuilding,StatueSquare,PeaceMonument,HongKongGovernmentHouse,StoneStepsandGas(Gas)StreetLightsonDuddellStreetinCentral,LanKwaiFong

WanChai

HongKongConventionandExhibitionCenter,GoldenBauhiniaSquare,HappyValley(HappyValley),HongKongRacingMuseum

SouthernDistrict

RepulseBay,HongKongOceanPark,Stanley,StanleyMainStreet,StanleyNewStreetandStanleyMarket,MurrayHouse

VictoriaPeak/Peak

Peak,PeakTram,ThePeakTower,MadameTussauds,BelieveItorNot,Victoria,HongKong,BelieveItorNot,WonderMuseum,SuperDynamicCinema,PeakGalleria

KowloonDistrict

TsimShaTsui

AvenueofStars,AvenueofStarsRecognitionList,SymphonyofNightViewsofVictoriaHarbourHongKong,TsimShaTsuiFormerKowloon-CantonRailwayClockTower,HongKongCulturalCentre,HongKongSpaceMuseum,HongKongMuseumofArt,KowloonMosque,ShoppingHotspotsinTsimShaTsui,TsimShaTsuiNathanRoad,HarbourCity,ParkLaneShoppingBoulevard,GranvilleRoad

MongKok

LadiesStreet,GoldfishStreet,YuenPoStreetBirdGarden,NathanRoad,MongKok,FaYuenStreet,SportsStreetSneakerStreet,SaiYeungChoiStreet

WongTaiSin/DiamondHill

WongTaiSinTemple

NewTerritoriesandIslandsDistrict

LantauIsland

PoLinMonastery,TianTanBuddha,HongKongBaoding,ZhaitangandTeaGarden,NgongPing360Cablecar,NgongPingMarket,HongKongDisneyland,InspirationLakeActivityCenter

TsingYi/MaWan

TsingMaBridge,LantauLinkVisitorCenterandObservationDeck

SaiKung

SaiKungSeafoodStreet

YuenLong

HongKongWetlandPark

Religiousandculturalattractions

ManMoTemple,CausewayBayTinHauTemple,St.John’sCathedralonHongKongIsland;WongTaiSinTempleandTomb,HouWangTemple,TszWanShanGuanyinTemple,KowloonMosqueinKowloon;TenThousandBuddhasTemple,CheKunginShaTinTemples,PengyingxianPavilion,Banyuanchun,TaoFongshanChristianChurch;ZhulinTemple,EastPutuo,andTinHauTempleinTsuenWan;QingshanTemple,QingsongTemple,MiaofaTempleinLongmen;LingduTempleandYunfuTempleinYuenLong;SaiKung'sBuddhaHallTinHauTemple,HoChungCheKungTemple,PoLinMonasteryonLantauIsland,CheungChauPakTaiTemple,PingChauTinHauTemple,etc.

Folkculturalattractions

TheancienttombsofKowloonWalledCity,Songcheng,Songwangtai,andLiZhengwuinKowloon;SongdiyaninTuenMun,RedHouse,ZengDawuinShaTin,FiveKingdomsSixVillage;ThreehousesinTsuenWan,HoikanVillage;YuenLongSanTin,KatHingWai,ShuiTauVillageHistoricSite,JuSingBuilding,HaVillageTang’sAncestralHall;SaiKungSheungYaoFolkMuseum,etc.;HongKongIslandFortandOldFortssuchasTungChungFortonLantauIslandandBuddhaHallonTungLungIsland.

MuseumandExhibitionHall

LeisureandCulturalServicesDepartment

Othergovernmentdepartmentsandpublicinstitutions

Educationandnon-profitorganizations

Privateandothers

hasbeenclosed

HongKongIsland

HongKongMuseumofCoastalDefence,HongKongVisualArtsCentre,SunYat-senMemorialHall,MuseumofTeaWare,MuseumofLuowuFolklore,FireboatGranthamExhibitionHall,HongKongFilmArchive

Kowloon

HongKongMuseumofHistory,LeeChengUkHanTombMuseum,HongKongSpaceMuseum,HongKongHeritageDiscoveryMuseum,HongKongScienceMuseum,HongKongMuseumofArt,M+Museum

NewTerritories

SanTungUkMuseum,ShangyaoFolkMuseum,HongKongHeritageMuseum,HongKongRailwayMuseum,PingShanTangClanMuseumandHeritageTrailVisitorCenter

AirportCoreProjectExhibitionCenter,CityGallery,HongKongHistoricalArchives,HongKongCorrectionalServicesMuseum,PoliceMuseum,HealthEducationExhibitionandInformationCenter,LantauLinkVisitorCenterandObservationDeck,ImmigrationDepartmentMuseum,MonetaryAuthorityInformationCenter,ElectricalandMechanicalServicesDepartmentExhibitionHall,HongKongJockeyClubDrugInformationCenter,HongKongHousingAuthorityExhibitionCenter,LionsNatureEducationCenter,PostGallery,UrbanRenewalDiscoveryCenter,IntellectualPropertyEnforcementExhibitionHall,IndoorAirQualityInformationCenter,ElectionInformationCenter,ICACExhibitionHall

TungWahGroupofHospitalsHeritageMuseum,PoLeungKukHistoryMuseum,TheUniversityofHongKongMuseumofFineArts,TheUniversityofHongKongXuShifenGeologicalMuseum,TheChineseUniversityofHongKongMuseumofArt,HongKongMaritimeMuseum,HongKongHorseRacingMuseum,HongKongMuseumofMedicine,ScoutGallery,HongKongBaptistUniversityDr.KongXianShao'sChineseMedicineMuseum,BNPParibasBethanyMuseum,SaigonHeritageMuseum,HongKongMuseumofEducation(HongKongInstituteofEducation),St.Stephen'sCollegeHeritageMuseum

HumanfolkloreMuseum,TaiOCulturalStudio,DaoxiangFoodCultureMuseum,AntiqueFanMuseum,PeakTramHistoricalCollection,ExchangeExhibitionHall,AviationDiscoveryHall,PrehistoricStoryHall,JockeyClubLeiYueMunCreativeHall,BlueHouseFolkLifeHall,ClimateChangeMuseum,MuseumCentralCulturalRelicsStorageBuilding

TheGreatHallMuseum,XuFamilyArtArtMuseum,TelecomFort,UrbanCouncilBuildingExhibitionCenter,DehuaExhibitionHall,ChineseWhiteDolphinResourceCenter,HongKong2009EastAsianGamesExhibitionGallery,NgauTauKokUpperVillageCulturalRelicsExhibitionArea

ParkAmusementPark

HongKongIsland

九龙

新界东

新界西

BelcherBayPark,HongKongGeorgeVMemorialPark,SunYat-senMemorialPark,CentralandWesternDistrictWaterfrontPromenade,HollywoodRoadPark,BuKungGarden,HongKongZoologicalandBotanicalPark,HongKongPark,StatueSquare,ChaterGarden,夏悫花园,添马公园,湾仔临时海滨花园,湾仔公园,维多利亚公园,赛西湖公园,鲗鱼涌公园,柴湾公园,山顶公园,瀑布湾公园,香港仔海滨公园,鸭脷洲风之塔公园,赤柱马坑公园

九龙公园,摩士公园(含黄大仙文化公园),狮子山公园,九龙仔公园,市政局百周年纪念花园,尖沙咀海滨花园,梳士巴利花园,西九龙海滨长廊,九龙佐治五世纪念公园,南昌公园,通州街公园,樱桃街公园,深水埗公园,歌和老街公园,石硖尾公园,花墟公园,荔枝角公园(含岭南之风),高山道公园,和黄公园,世运公园,海心公园,牛池湾公园,坪石游乐场,斧山公园(含南莲园池),凤德公园,佐敦谷游乐场,佐敦谷公园,秀茂坪纪念公园,贾炳达道公园,乐富公园,联合道公园,乐群街公园,丽港公园,园圃街雀鸟花园,汉花园,讯号山公园,宋王台花园,九龙寨城公园,土瓜湾游乐场,彩虹道游乐场,启德邮轮码头公园,启德跑道公园,都会公园,晒草湾游乐场,马仔坑游乐场,蓝田公园,彩荣路公园,彩禧路公园,骏业街游乐场,观塘海滨花园,红磡海滨花园,大环山公园,蒲岗村道公园,奥运公园,睦邻街游乐场

大埔海滨公园,日出公园,北区公园,安乐门街游乐场,安福街游乐场,彭福公园,沙田公园,城市艺坊,显田游乐场,马鞍山公园,马鞍山游乐场,常宁游乐场,将军澳市镇公园,将军澳南海滨长廊,唐明街公园,坑口文曲里公园,坑口花园,宝翠公园,宝康公园,福民花园,圆洲角公园,元洲仔公园,完善公园,梅树坑游乐场,粉岭康乐公园,粉岭游乐场,小沥源路游乐场,大埔旧墟游乐场,白石角海滨长廊,马鞍山海滨长廊,保荣路游乐场,博雅山庄,香港天文公园,船舶公园

天水围公园,天秀路公园,屯门公园,元朗公园,香港湿地公园,蝴蝶湾公园,荃湾公园,荃湾海滨公园,青衣公园,青衣海滨公园,青衣东北公园,城门谷公园,葵涌公园,中葵涌公园,石荫梨木道公园,西楼角花园,赛马会德华公园,杨小坑锦簇花园,天河路游乐场,湖山游乐场,皇珠路游乐场,海皇路游乐场,青善游乐场,屯门河畔公园,湖山河畔公园,中山公园,历奇公园,老鼠洲儿童游乐场,荃景围游乐场,青田游乐场,香港国际机场古窑公园,香港国际机场古物园

地标街景

维多利亚港(英语:VictoriaHarbour),简称维港,是位于香港特别行政区的香港岛和九龙半岛之间的海港,是亚洲第一、世界第三大海港。由于港阔水深,为天然良港,香港亦因而有“东方之珠”、“世界三大天然良港”及“世界三大夜景”之美誉。维多利亚港的名字,来自英国的维多利亚女王。一年四季皆可自由进出。早年已被英国人看中有成为东亚地区优良港口的潜力,后来从清政府手上夺得香港,发展其远东的海上贸易事业。维多利亚港一直影响香港的历史和文化,主导香港的经济和旅游业发展,是香港成为国际化大都市的关键之一。

国际金融中心(简称国金;英文:InternationalFinanceCentre,IFC)是香港作为世界级金融中心的著名地标,位于香港岛中环金融街8号,面向维多利亚港。著名美籍建筑师CésarPelli及香港建筑师严迅奇合作设计而成,总楼面面积达43万6千平方米。现为恒基兆业集团和香港金融管理局的总部所在地。

青马大桥自1997年5月开放通车以来,青马大桥成为连接大屿山香港国际机场及市区的干线公路,不单是香港一个主要的建筑标志,更是全球最长的行车及铁路吊桥。它全长2.2公里,壮观恢宏的气势完全超越了美国的金门大桥。

香港故宫文化博物馆由故宫博物院与香港西九文化区管理局合作建立,预计将于2022年6月底开馆迎客。开馆之后,800多件来自故宫博物院的珍贵文物将于9个展厅展出,主题包括紫禁城建筑、清代宫廷生活、文化传承工作等,其中两成是国家一级文物。

著名人物

科学界

高锟、丘成桐、崔琦、简悦威、邓青云、徐立之、萧荫堂、支志明、黄乃正、汪正平、叶玉如、梁智仁、任咏华、范上达、袁国勇、王永雄、卢煜明、沈祖尧、陈繁昌、莫毅明、叶嘉安等。

体育界

容国团,出生于香港,中国的第一个体育世界冠军。1950年代返回中国内地,1959年第25届世界杯乒乓球锦标赛夺得男子单打冠军。

李丽珊,在香港长洲出生和长大,1996年亚特兰大奥运会上为香港夺得滑浪风帆的金牌。

张家朗,在2020东京奥运会男子花剑个人赛中为香港赢得首枚奥运击剑金牌,这也是香港第二枚奥运金牌。

何诗蓓,在2020东京奥运会上获得200米自由泳比赛银牌、100米自由泳比赛银牌,是首位在同一届奥运会上获得两枚奥运奖牌的香港运动员。

文艺界

饶宗颐,香港著名国学大师。

金庸(查良镛),香港报人兼作家,新派武侠小说代表作家。

香港作家还包括李碧华、亦舒、林燕妮、梁凤仪、梁羽生、黄沾、倪匡等。

香港漫画家有黄玉郎、冯志明、梁进、马荣成、王泽等。

香港歌星有许冠杰、林子祥、陈百强、谭咏麟、张国荣、梅艳芳、罗文、徐小凤、黄家驹、叶倩文、林忆莲、陈慧娴、张学友、周华健、刘德华、黎明、郭富城、陈奕迅等。

香港影星有成龙、洪金宝、周星驰、周润发、梁朝伟、刘德华、梁家辉、曾志伟、吴孟达、甄子丹、钟楚红、张曼玉、古天乐、刘青云、朱茵等。

荣誉称号

荣誉称号

时间

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