Basicintroduction
Intermsofsocialwelfare
Everyonecanenjoythemostbasicwelfarefrombirthtodeath:
Food(Meetthebasicdailylivingneeds),
education(freefromkindergartentouniversity),
accommodation(youcanhavethemostbasicaccommodation,(youcanlivewithothers)),
Clothes(youcanhavecleanandwell-fittingclothesthatcankeepwarminwinter),
Transportation(freetransportation,youcanusethemostbasicwaytoreachanywhere)
Medicaltreatment(freeofcharge)
Support(elderlysupport)
Intermsofdistributionsystem
Undertheconditionofmeetingeveryone’sbasiclivingconditions,theTheprincipleoflabordistribution,accordingtotheoccupationofeachperson,thevalueoftheworkandtheamountofcontributiontothesocietytodistributewealth
Apersonwhodoesnothingeverydayandapersonwhoworkshardeverydayandmakesagreatcontributiontothesociety.Thewealthofisofcoursedifferent
Politics
Nomatterwhatkindofpoliticalsystem,everyoneenjoysfulldemocraticrightsandcanexpresstheiraspirations,allimportantpoliticsTheeventisbasedontheprinciplesoffairness,openness,andimpartiality.Everyonecanvotefreelyandexpresstheiraspirations.
Implementlegislation,judiciary,lawenforcement,andtheseparationofpowers.Thethreepartiescheckandbalanceeachother.
Allthegovernment’sworkandfinancesmustbemadepublic,andthepeoplecanimplementitagainstleadersAppraisalandsatisfactionsurveys,whentheappraisalfailstomeetthestandardsandthesatisfactionlevelfails,theleaderscanberecalledandre-elected.
Everyonehastherighttosupervisethegovernment,throughopenandfreeelectionsandtheremovalofunqualifiedleaders.
Thefinancesofallofficialsmustbemadepublictoavoidcorruption.
Economicaspect
Publicownershipmustbeimplemented
Somemajorresourceindustriesandimportantindustries,mainlythroughnationalregulationandcontroltoachieveoptimalallocationofresources,topreventdisorderlycompetition.
Allcorporatefinancesmustbemadepublic,andanassessmentsystemwillbeimplementedforcorporateleaders,andunqualifiedlayoffs.Theappointmentanddismissalofenterprisepersonnelmustbemadepublic,andemployeeshavetherighttosupervisetheleadersoftheenterprise.
Thefinancialdisclosureofcorporateleaders.
Thecountryhasastrictandreasonabletaxsystem.Thehighertheconsumption,themoretaxeswillbeleviedandthehighinheritancetaxwillbecollected.
Thepurposeofthetaxcollectedmustbestrictlydisclosed.Everyonecanmonitorandsuggesttherighttousethetax.Majoreventsmustbedecidedbythepeople.
Intermsoflegalsystem
Therearestrictandcompletelegalandjudicialdepartments,andthesecuritydepartmentiswellequippedtocombatallcrimes
Thedepartmenthassupervisionandassessment,supervisesthedetectionrateandspeedofthesecuritydepartment,andcanremoveunqualifiedleaders.
Thepropertyandfinancesofallofficialsarepublic.
Intermsofscientificresearch
Usingalotofresourcesforresearch,makingmajoradvancesinscienceandtechnology,andcontributingtothedevelopmentofmankinditself,thefutureofmankind,andthedevelopmentoftheearth.
Otherviewpoints
Viewpoint1
Idealsociety
ZhangFan
1.Theidealsocietyinpeople’smindsthroughouttheages
1.1Datong
1.2NaturalSociety
1.3Mohist
1.4Summary
2.Whatissociety?
2.1Demandsociety
2.2Spiritualsociety
2.3Universe
3.Factorsofanidealsociety
3.1Prosperity
p>3.2Cognition
3.3Summary
4.Peopleinanidealsociety
4.1Independence
4.2Cognition
5.Myoutlookonlife
6.Referencematerials
7.Acknowledgements
ChapterOneThroughtheages,people’sidealsSociety
1.1Datong(utopiansociety)
Datong,alsoknownasJourneytotheGreatAvenue,isafragmentfrom"BookofRites-LiYun".Usuallyregardedasthehighestidealofancientpolitics.UndertheDatongsociety,absolutesocialandeconomicstabilitycanbesatisfied.ThisisthemostcommonandpopularunderstandingofTaipingevents.,
Onthejourneyofthegreatroad,theworldisthepublic,choosethetalentsandability,stressthefaithandcultivateharmony.Therefore,peopledonotonlykisstheirrelatives,notonlychildren,andtheirsons,sothattheoldhavetheend,thestronghavetheusefulness,theyounghavethegrowth,thestubborn,thewidowed,thelonely,thealone,andthedisabledhavethesupport,themalehastheshare,andthewomanhasthereturn.Ifyouareevil,youdon’thavetohideinyourself;ifyouareevil,youdon’thavetobeyourself.It'sbecausetheyarenothappybecausetheyplantoshutdown,theydon'tcommitthieves,andtheydon'tshutdownoutsiders,it'sagreatharmony.--"TheBookofRites·Riyun"
Platoalsomentionedin"IdealLand"
Allevilsanddiseasesaregone.Thecountrydoesnotneedlaws,lawyers,andLetyourcitizensparticipateinwarless.Onthecontrary,itwillhirepeoplefromenemycountriestokilleachotherandhurtbothsidestoachievetheeffectofcuttinggrassandroots.Anyreligionistoleratedinthecountry.
--"TheUtopia"
Infact,whatcommunismpromotesisalsosucha"universalsociety"
Intheory,communismisaneradicationofclasses.Asocietywithgreatlydevelopedproductivity,andasocietyrichinmaterialandspiritualwealth.Allpropertybelongstoallmankind,andproductstakewhattheyneed.Allpeopleenjoysocialandeconomicrightsequally,andpeoplenolongerUselaborasameansofearningaliving,and"laborwillbecomepeople'sfirstneed."Itbringshumanbeingsfromthelivingconditionsofanimalstothelivingconditionsof"humans".
ButoneissueweneedtoconsideristhepersecutionofpeopleandnatureinDatongsociety.AlthoughDatongsocietycanmakethebestuseofresources,itcannotensurehumanities,history,cultureandotherfactors.IntheDatongsociety,peoplehavenoreasontoneedindividuality.Everyoneisjustatooltoconsolidatetheproductionandsurvivalofmankind.
Asanindependentindividual,thereisnodesireandnoevilthoughts.Allmoralsandethicsareforthestabilityofsociety,notbecauseofthegoodnessofhumannatureitself.Thenwhydoweneedtothinkindependently?Independencebecomessuperfluous.Imagine:everyoneisforthemaximizationofeconomicproduction,soweneedspecializationofproduction,soalltheactivitiesofapersonfrombirtharedoneforsociety.
Thesocietyherecompletelydeniesthehumanspiritandsoul,soIthinkitisincomplete.
1.2NaturalSociety
TherepresentativeofnaturalsocietyisTaoism,whichisalsothesocietyadvocatedbyTaoTeChing.Acompletelyempiricalsociety,asocietyofextremepersonalfreedom.ThereisanaturalprincipleforthemovementoftheTaoofHeaven,andthephilosophyofTaoisclarifyingtheconnotationofthisprinciple,andisabletoproposealivelyandfreeworldspace.
Absolutevictoryandabandonmentofwisdom,fameandfortuneahundredfold;Absolutebenevolenceandrighteousness,filialpietyinthepeople;Absolutelyabandoningprofit,nothieves....SeeSuBaopu,lessthinkingandlessdesire.
Itistheruleofthesaint,emptinessoftheheart,fullnessoftheabdomen,weaknessoftheintellect,strengtheningofthebones,oftenmakingthepeopleignorantanddesireless,andmakingthewisemandarenotdoanything.Forinaction,thereisnocure.
--"TheTaoTeChing"
TheTaoTeChingissimilartotheforeignshamanism.Shamanismbelievesingodsandnature,andbelievesthateverythingshouldbeinaccordancewiththenaturalorderoftheuniverse.Peopledonotneedtobeself-motivated,becauseself-motivatedistherootofallevil,nottherootofman.Encouragepeopletoabandonsecularself-motivatednessandpursuespiritualprogress.
Throughanunderstandingoftheindefiniteandnon-stubbornnessofthisworld’soperatingorder,Taoistphilosophyhasdevelopedacompletelydifferentsocialphilosophy.Thesocietyisonlyanobjectofexistence.PeoplelivinginitshouldhaveItsfreedomofindependenceandself-existence,withoutbeingconstrainedbyanyideology.
Themeaningofsecularsocietyiscompletelydeniedhere,anditisalsoincomplete.
1.3Mohistschool
TheidealsocietyproposedbyMohistschoolistheclosesttotheidealsocietyweknow.All-roundlove,non-attack,admirationofvirtuousness,loyalty,destiny,destiny,non-music,festivalandburialarealltocreateaharmoniousandorderlysociety.TheMohistschoolusesmanysystemstocontrolpeople'sdifferentdesires.
Zimozisaid:Whentheancientpeoplewerebornandtherewasnotangiblegovernment,thewordsweredifferentfromothers.Soonepersonhasonerighteousness,twopeoplehavetworighteousness,andtenpeoplehavetenrighteousness.Thepeoplearenumerous,andtheso-calledrighteousarealsonumerous.Itistherighteousnessofhumanbeingsandtherighteousnessofnon-humanbeings.Itisbecausethefather,son,andbrotherswhoareinsidearegrievingandevil,andtheyareseparatedandcannotbereconciled.Thepeopleoftheworldareallharmedbyfire,waterandpoison.Ifyouhaveextraenergy,youcan'tworkwitheachother.Corruptsurpluswealthisnotdividedintophases.Tohidethegoodway,nottoteacheachother.Thechaosoftheworldislikeabeast.
--"ShangTongshang"
ThedifferencebetweenTaoismandMohismisthatonethinksthatsecularsocietyandspiritarecontrarytoeachother,whileMohismthinksthatsocialorderandspiritarethesame.Mohistbelievesthatonlysecularstabilitycanmakepeopleunderstandthespiritualworld.Thesimilaritybetweenthetwofamiliesliesintheirunderstandingofhumansouls.
Amongthesethree,IthinktheMohistsocietyisthemostcomprehensiveandthemostrealistic.Butforthisdualsocietythatincludesbodyandsoul,Mohistonlytaughtthebody,desires,andneedsofsociety.Hedidnotexplainclearlyhowtodoitmentally.Includingthedemandsociety,heonlyconfessedtothesurface,butnottheultimategoal.
1.4Summary
Althoughtherearemanygreatmenandphilosopherswhohaveexpressedviewsontheidealsociety(suchasAmericanmodernistphilosophy,Westernsociologists,Confucianpeople).Buthereareonlythreerepresentativeexamples,representingtheneeds,spirit,andthreefactionsthatgiveconsiderationtoboth.Ifyoulookattheminchronologicalorder,youwillfindthattherearemoreandmoreexamplesofboth,andthebalanceamongthemisalsofullyexplained.
Myunderstandingofthisisthis:aspeople’sunderstandingofthebodyandsoulbecomesmoreandmoreperfect,itisdifficulttostandontheargumentofonlyoneaspect;theidealsocietyIwanttotalkaboutisasimultaneousconsideration.Asocietyofneedsandspirituality,butasocietywithgoalsrelatedtotheultimatecauseofmankindhasbeenadded.
ChapterTwoWhatissociety?
2.1Demandsociety
Humaninterrelationshipproducessociety,anddemandsocietyistheconnectionandcooperationbetweenpeopleinordertomeettheirownneeds.Thefactorsthathumansneedinordertomaintainandexpandtheirlivesincludefood,clothing,shelter,transportationandentertainment.Thedemandsocietyisresponsibleforsatisfyingtheseitems(althoughentertainmentisalsoconsideredspiritual,itisclassifiedasademandsocietybecauseitissecularandneedshumaneandeconomicguarantees).Theultimatecauseofhumanneedsinsocietyistosatisfythegreatestnumberofpeopletolivethebestlife.
Nature:Allhumansurvivalfactorsarederivedfromnature,sosocietyhastheobligationtoensurethebalanceofnatureandnotcausethedestructionofthesurroundingnature.Onthisbasis,societyhasthetaskofusingthefactorsprovidedbynaturetoensurepeople'slives.
Economicproduction:Useeconomicproductiontoprocessanddistributethefactorsprovidedbynaturetothosewhoneedit.
Humanities:Usehistorytoprovidepeoplewithafoundation,anduseinnovationtogiveusnewcontent.Usecommunicationtosatisfytradeandresourcesharing.Usearttosatisfypeople'sentertainment.
Thesefactorscanbeseeninsocialandeconomicbooks,soIwon’texplainthemmuch.
2.2Spiritualsociety
Spiritualsocietyisthesocietythatsatisfiestheoriginalcause,theessentialsociety
Thisissueisverycontroversial,becauseitinvolvesthehumanspiritFactorssuchasthefinalcauseofthisarealsoaphilosophicalquestionthathasnoresultsyet.Themostcommonstatementsareintroducedbelow.
Metaphysics:Inlayman'sterms,metaphysicshastwomeanings.Onereferstolookingatthingsfromanisolated,static,one-sided,andsuperficialpointofview(inMarxistphilosophy,themetaphysicsofthismeaningisopposedtodialectics).Thesecondreferstothephilosophyofstudyingthingsbasedonintuition(superexperience)alone.Sometimesitalsoreferstotheontologyofresearchphilosophy.
Theultimatecauseofmetaphysicsistoexplainthreeproblems:theuniverse(knowledgeofeverythingaroundus,suchasphysics,astronomy),life(knowledgeofourselves,suchasanthropology,psychology),knowledge(Thecognitionoflogicandcognitionitself,suchasreasoning,mathematics).
TheimportanceofunderstandingtheuniverseandpeoplehasbeenmentionedintheBookofChanges.
Happyheavenknowsfate,sowedon’tworry;Antuismorehuman,sowecanlove
--"BookofChanges"
Lotteistounderstandtheuniverse,knowingfateistounderstandoneself
ThemosttypicalexampleofcognitionisDescartes’speculativephilosophy,whichexplainshimUnderstandingofcognition.
1.IwillneveracceptanytruththatIamnotclearabout,thatis,toavoidrecklessnessandprejudiceasmuchaspossible,andcanonlybeveryclearandcertainbasedonmyownjudgment,withoutanydoubtfultruth.Thatistosay,aslongasyouhavenotexperiencedtheproblemsyouhavepersonallyexperienced,nomatterwhatauthoritativeconclusionsyouhave,youcandoubtit.Thisisthefamous"doubteverything"theory.Forexample,Aristotleonceconcludedthatwomenhavetwofewerteeththanmen.butitisnotthetruth.
2.Thecomplexproblemtobestudiedcanbebrokendownintoanumberofrelativelysimplesmallproblemsasmuchaspossibleandsolvedonebyone.
3.Arrangethesesmallproblemsfromsimpletocomplex,startingwitheasy-to-solveproblems.
4.Afteralltheproblemshavebeensolved,theyshouldbetestedtogethertoseeiftheyarecompleteandwhethertheproblemhasbeencompletelysolved.
--"Methodology"
Goodness:atthebeginningofman,natureisgood;goodnessislikewater.Therearealsomanyargumentsthatsettheultimategoalofmankindasgood.
Itiswrongforapersontoregardthebodyasthetrueself.Itisalsowrongtoregardself-consciousnessasthetrueself.Thetrueselfisareflectionof"self"consciousnessanddoesnotexist.Aftergettingridofthebodyandego,enjoythefreeandcheerfulmind.Thatisthestateofforgettingthingsandme.Itdoesn'tmatterthat"Iamnotme".
Ifaperson's"self"consciousnessdoesnotdisappear,thentheexistenceofthisselfwillbethesourceofallkindsofpainfulexperiencesinitself!
2.3FinalCause
Hegelbelievesthatthetruereturntoitsrootsis"initself"(initself).Onlybypossessingabsoluteknowledgecanoneknowwhatoneisandwhatisone'sown,andthencanheescapeathinkingof"forothers"(forothers,andbehappyandcompassionateforhimtorefertoexternalfactors).Knowledgecanrelyonspirit,spantimeandspace,andalwaysleadusforward.
Ithinktheultimatecauseofanidealsocietyistheultimatecauseofmankind,andtheultimatecauseofmankindistosatisfyallthefactorsmentionedabove,andultimatelymeetthegoalsofallpeopleintheworld.Andhowcanallpeoplehavethesameunderstanding?
It'sthesamesentencefromthe"BookofChanges"
Thereasonwhythesageissodeepistostudyafewthings,andonlydeep,soitcanbewiththeaspirationsoftheworld;onlyafewthings,Soitcanbecometheworld’saffair;onlythegods,sodonotrush,andcomehere
--"BookofChanges"
WehavereachedtherealmofcommunionThemindsofthepeopleoftheworldcometounifythethoughtsofthepeopleoftheworld.Inthisway,wecanprovidepeoplewithcorrectguidance,whichcanbeusedtoestablishagreatcause(here,"tounderstandeverything").Relyonknowledgetounifypeople'sdesires.
Scienceastronomy,knowledgegeography,theuniverseisinhand,Wanfaisfromtheheart.Thisillustratestheroleofknowledge.Onlybyunderstandingallthefeelingsthatwecanfeelintheworld,andknowingallthatcanberecognized,canwebreakawayfromourownpassivityandachieveinitiative,pride,andunderstanding.
Thentheultimatecauseofsocietyistogivepeople.Providearecognizableworld.Thepremiseofcognitionissurvivalandprosperity,andthenprovidepeoplewithfreecognitivespaceandthought(inpidualunderstanding).Thesetwofactorsthatdependonthedemandingsocietyandthespiritualsocietyhavebecometheconditionsofanidealsociety.
ChapterThreeFactorsofanIdealSociety
3.1Prosperity
Prosperitygivesusmoreknowledge.Onlyafterprosperitywillwehavetheabilitytorecognizescience.Scienceandotherdisciplinesthatrecognizetheuniversedependonprosperousnationalpower.Evenpsychology,etc.,aredifficulttocarryoutwithoutfinancialsupport.Prosperityisprogressoversurvivalconditions,anditisalsoawaytoincreaseawareness.Thecoreofprosperityiseconomicfactorssuchassteadydevelopment.Ithinkthereisnoneedtosaymorehere,becausethisissuehasbeendiscussedinsociologyandeconomicsmanytimes.Justtoremindthefollowing,prosperitydoesnotmean"GreatHarmony"here,becauseDatongsocietyisanincompletesocietyanditislimitedfromacognitiveperspective.Prosperitymeanshavingsufficientnationalpowertoconductscientificresearchandsoon,nottheabsolutestabilityofsociety.
3.2Cognition
Hereinvolvesapointofunderstandingwithheart.Itdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldonlyfeelwithyourheart,butthatunderstandingwithyourheartisalsooneofthenecessaryprocesses.
Cognition:
Referstotheacquisitionofknowledgethroughmentalactivities(suchasformingconcepts,perceptions,judgments,orimagination).Itiscustomarytoassociatecognitionwithemotionandwill.
referstotheprocessbywhichpeopleacquireorapplyknowledge,ortheprocessofinformationprocessing.Thisisthemostbasicpsychologicalprocessofhumanbeings.Itincludesfeeling,perception,memory,imagination,thinkingandlanguage.Thehumanbrainacceptsinformationinputfromtheoutsideworld,isprocessedbythebrain,andtransformedintoinnermentalactivity,andthendominateshumanbehavior.Thisprocessistheprocessofinformationprocessing,thatis,thecognitiveprocess.
Acommonproblemisthattheuniverseisinfiniteandmanisfinite.Usingfinitetograsptheinfinitewillneverresultinresults.Butthatisfromapersonalpointofview,peopleareindeedlimited(thecombinationofthinkingisatmost10^(7*10^14)).Butfromasocialpointofview,humanbeingsasawholecandevelopinfinitelyinaninfiniteuniverse,andthecombinationofinfiniteindividualthinkingisnaturallyinfinite.Ifthereisaninfinitecombinationofthoughts,everyoneonlyneedstorecognizeasmallpartoftheuniverse,andalltheproblemsoftheentireuniversearecontrolledbythehumanbeingasawhole.
Comparedwithprosperity,cognitionismoredifficulttoachieve,becausecognitionandunderstandingofeverythingrequiresacertainenvironment.Ifyouwanttochangeaperson'sproductionfactors,level,etc.,youonlyneedtocarryoutrelevanttraining,andtochangeaperson'scognition,youneedtochangeallthefeelingsinhislife.Anyonething,aslongasitistwodifferentpeople,itisimpossibletohavethesamecognition.Soifyouwanttoknoweverything,youneedtohaveavarietyofenvironments,putpeopleofvariouspersonalitiesinit,andletthemfeeleverythingaroundthemwiththeirhearts.
Ifwewanttoknoweverything,weneedindependence,individualthinkingandpersonality,anddifference.Soanidealsocietyisasocietythathaseverything.Someareprimitive,somearemodern;somearenatural,someareartificial;somearegood,someareevil;somearebeautiful,somearepainful....Anidealsocietyisasocietythatexistsaslongasyouwantit.
Cognitionisaprocess,andwhatanidealsocietyneedstoprovideisthementality,personalityandexternalfactorsthatsatisfythisprocess,aswellasthetimerequiredfortheformationofknowledge.
Humanshaveonlyreachedanelementarystageintheprocessofcognition,becauseintheprocessofourcognition,wefindmoreproblemsthanwesolve,andweusuallyfindmanyproblemsinordertosolveaproblem.Butwearemakingprogress,andourcognitionisbecomingmoreandmorecomprehensive.
3.3Universe
Theidealsocietyistheuniverse,becauseonlytheuniversecanletpeopleknowtheuniverse,andweactuallyliveintheuniverse,soweareactuallyinanidealsocietynow.
Thiscameabitsuddenly,butIhavealreadyintroducedsomuch,soeveryoneshouldunderstand.Wearenowintheuniverse,sointhelongriverofdevelopment,thereisnothingthatdoesnotbelongtous.Wecanfinallyrealizealloftheuniverseandcompletetheultimatecauseofmankind.
Whatanidealsocietyneedsisinfinitepossession,andbringeverythingtopeopletounderstand.Inreality,peopleareactuallyinaboom(humanbeingsarenotextinct,andthepopulationcanrisesteadily),andeverythingcanbefelt.
Somepeoplethinkthatwewillcauseourownextinction,buttheextinctionitselfisalsoakindoffeelingandneedstoberecognizedbyus.Sosoonerorlater,humanbeingswillbecomeextinct,butbeforeextinction,humanbeingswillreachtheirpeak(exceptforextinctionAllotherfeelingsoutsidehavebeenrecognized)Thenhumanswillbeextinct,buthumanshavealsocompletedthefinalcause.
Sothisextinctioncanbesaidtobeanimprovement.Beforethat,humanswilltrytheirbestnottobecomeextinct,andiftheydo,itmeansthatthegoalofcompletingtheultimatecauseoftheuniversedoesnotbelongtous,andwearejustafactorinthecognitiveprocessofhigherspecies,andifwearejustlikethisIfwehelpthemunderstand,evenifwehavecompletedourfinalcause.
Ourrealsocietyisasocietywithcooperativeproductionandindependentthinking,withjoysandsorrows,goodandevilregrets,spiritualrealm,andphysicalconstraints;wecanrecognizeandwecanfeel.ThisistheidealsocietythatIunderstand,thatis,therealsociety.
Infact,thereisnothingtosayhere,becausewhatIsaidbeforeisenoughtoexplainmypointofview.Finally,Iwouldliketosaysomedigressionsabouttheidealsociety.
Heaven,Dao,andHumanitybecomeonebody,goodandevilcomeandgo,goodandbad.Everythingintheuniversecanbefelt.Isthisreallythemean?Whyjustbeunbiased?Unbiaseditselfisanimbalance.Onlybalancecanuniteeverything.Weshouldnotonlyacceptonepointofview,butacceptallpointsofview.Thatisthetruegoldenmean,thetrueidealsociety.
AsWilliamJamessaid,allsingleopinionsare"concealed."
Thereisno"philosophy"intheworld,only"agroupofphilosophies"
--WilliamJames
Ofcourse,myviewisonlyaunilateralopinion.Sopleasedon'tuseitasanabsoluteexample,justunderstandthecontentandthenhaveyourownknowledge.
Giveuppersonalkeypointsandrespectthelawsoftheuniverse
--Einstein
Thissentenceisoftenmisunderstoodasrespectingscience,butIthinklovehereInsteinisnottalkingaboutthevisibleuniversehestudied,buttheperceptionoftheuniverse,thatis,"everything."Respectthelawoftheuniverseandunderstandthislaw,thisisthereal"Tao".
Chapter4PeopleinanIdealSociety
4.1Independence
Sincetheidealsocietyistherealsociety,thenthepeopleintherealsocietyarethepeopleintheidealsociety.Whatarethequalitiesofuspeople?
Firstofall,weareabsolutelyfreeindividuals.
Freedomistherootofhumanwisdom.
"Intheeraofknowledgeeconomy,wealthisnothingbutaby-productofcountlesspersonalactivitiesinasocietywherefreevaluesarepopularized.Inasocietywhereindividualfreedomismaximized,thewisdomofthepeopleisunprecedentedlyactiveandinnovativeItisconstantlybeingraisedthatwealthasaby-productwillspewoutlikeavolcaniceruption.Managementdoesnothavesuchafunction.Managementcangatherexistingwisdomandstrengthandcreatetemporaryprosperity,butitwillexhaustthesourceofwisdomandbecomestrong.Thecollapseoftheworld’sforeshadowing,andwithoutexception,leadstodeath."
--"ManagementandtheFutureofEnterprise"(HarvardBusinessSchool)
Onlyfreedomcanberecognized,soItistherootofwisdom.
Lifeisdear,loveisdearer.Bothcanbegivenupforfreedom
--"FreedomandLove"
Withoutfreedom,therewillbenoLoveandlife.Ifthereisnofreedom,youwillloseyournaturalrights!
Thefreedommentionedhereisnotphysicalfreedom,butideologicalfreedom.Everyone'sthoughtsareabsolutelyfree,becausenoonecanchangewhatyouarethinking.Theskyofthoughtwillalwaysbelongtoitself.
4.2Cognition
Cognitionistryingtounderstand,butthefundamentaldifferenceisthatunderstandingistorecognizeitslogicandexpressidentification.Cognitionisbroader,theanalysisandgraspofthings.Experienceisbasedonunderstanding,whichmeansthatyouhavehadasimilarexperience.Infact,thegoalofcognitionistounderstand.Understandingisnotquality,itisresult.Peoplecannotunderstandeverything,buttheycanunderstandeverything.Knowledgeistheresultofcognition,andisthemanifestationoftheattributes,regulations,relationships,characteristics,requirements,andabilitiesofthecognitionobjectorobjectinthesubject'snervecenter.
Theoccurrence,developmentandendofcognitionarerealizedunderthecommandofcognitionconsciousness.Recognitionistheexpressionformofcognitionconsciousness.Theprocessofcognitionisthecognitionintention,cognitionplan,andcognitionrouteestablishedbeforethecognitionoccurs.,Theprocessofunfoldingthelawofknowledge.Byobservingtheprocessofcognitionindetail,wecandiscoverthecognitionpurpose,cognitionintention,cognitionplanandcognitionrouteestablishedbythesubjectbeforethecognitivebehavioroccurs,anddiscoverthecognitionconsciousnessthatexistsinthecognition.
Cognitionisnotarationalorperceptualone-sidedknowledge,butatwo-sidedfactorthatincludesone'sownexperienceandthethingitself.`
Cognitionisalsoafrequentlydiscussedissueinphilosophy.Theobjectiontocognitionisskepticism,whichisthebeliefthateverythingintheuniversedoesnotexist,andevenifitexists,itcannotberecognized.Infact,thisviewcanneverbedialedoutasfalse,norcanitbedialedastrue.Thisisbecauseskepticismdenieslogicitself,andwithoutlogic,itcannotberecognized,andnaturallyitcannotbedialedouttoberightorwrong.Othersincludedogmatism,judgmentism,agnosticism,andrelativity.Theseallthinkthathumanbeingshavenoknowledge.Thisarticleisnotaphilosophicalessay,soIdon'tthinkitisnecessarytodiscussit.
Ithink,thereforeIam
--"Methodology"
Onlyexistenceismeaningfultoexplore,althoughnotnecessarilythatisthetruth...Ifeverythingismeaningless,thenitmayindeedbethetruth,buthewillneverbeabletoexplainwhyIfeelandperceivenow,evenifthisisonlyanobjectivephenomenon,thenwhyisthereaphenomenon?Thisisunexplainablebyskepticism.
Ifyoulookatitinanotherway,asearlyastheearliestlanguagedevelopment,IwascogitoinLatin,andwhentranslatedintoChinese,itwaswhatlivingcreatureswithaself-conscioussystemcalledthemselves.
SoIthinkthatevenifcognitiondoesnotabsolutelyexist,itdoesexistrelativetoourperceptionoftheuniverse.Ifthereisanidealsociety,theuniversemustexist,sopeopleinanidealsocietymustbeabletorecognizeit,andIthinkpeopleinarealsocietycanalsorecognizeit.
Chapter5MyOutlookonLife
It’stheshortestofallthearticles,notbecausethereisnothingtosay;ifyouwanttowriteapersonaltheory,itisprobablynothing.Aphilosophicalreadingofmeaning,andbynomeansfiveorsixthousandwordscanbesaidclearly,evenhundredsofthousandsofwordscanbesaidclearly,becauseitinvolvespersonalexperience.Everyonehastheirownknowledgeintheprocessofcognition,somyoutlookonlifeshouldbesomethingthatbelongsonlytomeorbelongstous.Everyonecanfullyunderstandmyoutlookonlife,becausesomepeopleIdon'twanttosay,evenifIamwillingtosay,shemaynotacceptit,andevenifIamwillingtoacceptit,theymaynotunderstandit.ButIunderstand,andthatisenough.
Butifyouwanttorefertoit,youcansaythattherearethefollowing:theist,idealist,idealism.Iunderstandskepticism.Iunderstandfatalism.Ibelieveinreincarnation.Ibelieveinthefinalcause,andthisfinalcauseisinfiniteknowledge,throughcognitiontounderstandwhathehascreated,andthecauseandeffect.
Coreidea:Perceivingtheuniversehasoneandonlyoneobjectivebodyofthought,whichmaybeseparable,butabsolute.Itistheproducer(god)ofallotherthingsandimages.Theuniverseheproducedhaslawstofollow.Althoughwemaynotbeabletograspallthelaws,orevenknowallthelaws,wecanbesureoftheirlogic.Wecanunderstanditbyknowingwhathehascreated,andultimatelycontroltheuniverse,butourknowledgewillalwaysbelongtoitandcannotbeanindependentindividual.IthinkIamtoosmalltomastertheuniverse,butwecan.Aslongasweknow,wewillfinallyunderstandeverythingintheuniverseandbeliberatedtounderstanddeeperknowledge.Thisprocessrequiresrealitythatwecannotimagine.
Infact,wemayalsobelongtoaratinalaboratoryanddon'tunderstandanythingatall.Butthenweshouldalsobebravetofindthecheeseinthemaze,becauseweneedtocompletethemission.Followthelawsofnatureandeithercompletethefinalcauseoftheuniversebyyourself,orhelpotherstocompletethefinalcauseoftheuniverse.
Actually,Iamnotatheistoridealistinthetruesense.BecauseofallmysourcesandeverythingIhave,thereisnoend,nobeginning,andnootherconstraints.Idon'tthinkanypointofviewintheworldiswrong,onlyacceptedandunacceptable,butintheeyesofGod,theyareallgood,soIalsotrytotreatthemasgood.
Ifyouarereallyinterestedinmyoutlookonlife,pleaseopenupandunderstandme!!!!!!
Thanks:
FengYoulan:Yourbookisgreat(althoughclassmatesdon’tthinkso)Youaredead,butyourthoughtsandbookswillalwaysremaininourhearts
WuKunru:YourbookisthefirstphilosophybookIreadthatIlike!Ilikeditafterreadingit,andtheresultshavealwaysbeenhelpfultome.
Descartes:Themostadmiredphilosopherinmyheart!
Allancientgreatmen:Youhelpedpromotetheadvancementofcognition,andyouwillalwaysstayinourhearts!
WorkingemployeesandnetizensontheInternet:MostoftheinformationcomesfromtheInternet!
Parents:Everythingstartswithyou
Brother:Lostmeforgrowingup
Brother:Myclassmateforthreeyears,broughtmetoomuchMuch
LikeLord:Cuteandstupiddonkey,goodlucktoefl!
Fearless,TangTing,SuKeting:Friendsarelikemirrors,chatwithme,talkaboutlife,talkaboutdreams.
Bingbrother,cat:Oneofthemastersandapprenticesisverygoodtome,andtheothergivesmealotoffun.Whoiswhoisclearinmyheart,thankyoumost,allofthisisbecauseofyou,soIshouldthisisforyou!
Thepeoplearoundmewhohaveinfluencedmefortherestofmylife:allthepeopleIknow,haveseen,andhaveneverseen,thankyoubrother,thankyou!
Myownthoughtsanddreams:accompanyIspendmylifeandaccompanymethroughloneliness...
Viewpoint2
Whatisanidealsociety?
Takagi
Onourplanet,thereisalmostnoonewhodoesnotdesireenoughmaterialwealth,andthereisalmostnoonewhodoesnotdesirefreedom,equality,understanding,respect,etc.Happiness,deepdownineveryone'sheart,thereisalongingforlong-termlifeandromanticlove.However,becauseeachofusdoesnotexistinisolation,weallliveinvariousinterdependentsocieties,andwealllivetogetherontheonlyearth,andthematerialresources,socialresources,timeresources,andresourcesnecessarytosatisfyourvariousdesiresWiththeobjectiveexistenceofthelimitedresourcesoftheoppositesex,everyhumanonearthisboundtobefullofpaininthepursuitofhappiness.
Peoplewillhavealong-termcompetitiverelationshipbetweenyouandme.Basedontheinherentcontradictionbetweentheinfinitehumandesiresandthelimitedresourcesinhumansociety,anidealsocietyshouldbedemocratic,ruledbylaw,fairnessandjustice,honestyandfriendship,fullofvitality,stabilityandorder,andharmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnature.Asocietyinwhichallmembersofsocietycansharethefruitsoftechnologicalprogressandeconomicdevelopment,andthetotalamountofhappinesscontinuestomaximize.
Anidealsocietygenerallyhasthefollowingbasiccharacteristics:
Everymemberofsocietyhasbasicsocialsecurityfromchildhoodtooldage!
Everyonehasajobandplentyofleisuretime!
Equalopportunity,fairprocess,rewardsfordiligent,punishedforlazy,moderatecompetition!
Innovativelaboristhemostrespected,scientificresearchandexplorationactivitiesarethemostsupported,innovationfailurecanbetolerated,andthenumberofscientificresearchandinnovationpractitionersismorethanthenumberofrepetitivelabor!
Pricesarestableforalongtime,wealthismoderatelyrich,andlifeisveryconvenient!
Peoplewhoareexpectedtohavebothabilityandpoliticalintegrityholdsocialmanagementpositionsandarewellpaid,buttheycanbesupervisedandimpeachedbythepeopleinatimelymanner!
Equalconsultationofallclasses,referendumonmajorissues!
Theroadsarenotpickedup,thefolkcustomsaresimple,andcrimescanbediscoveredandstoppedintime!
Lifeexpectancyisgreatlyextendedandlifeexpectancycanbealmosteternal!
Legalprivacyisprotected,personalityisextremelyfree,loveisveryromantic!
Thosewholovetheenvironmentandcherishresourceswillberewarded,thosewhoopposeitwillbepunished,andmanandnatureliveinharmonyforalongtime!
Nocountry'sbanknoteswillflowoutofthecountryanymore,andinternationaltradeisuniformlysettledinaccordancewiththeUnitedNationsdesignatedpetroleumandfood-basedbook-entrycurrency!
ThestrengthoftheUnitedNationshasbeengreatlystrengthened,anyunjustwarisdifficulttolaunch,internationalreliefandpeacekeeping,andtheunprecedenteddevelopmentofinternationalcooperationcapabilities!
Everyoneandeverycountryactivelyexplorestheoriginofmankind,activelypaysattentiontothefutureofmankind,andstrivestoexaminethepositionandvalueoftheearthitselfintheuniverse.Thewholemankindseekscommongroundwhilereservingdifferences.Itisunitedandself-helpandself-improvement,lastingpeaceandcommonprosperity.Harmoniousworld!
Viewpoint3:
Anidealsocietyisasocietywithoutevil.
TheBuddhistssaythis:Firstofall,wemustunderstandwhypeopledoevil?Therealreasonisnothingmorethanthatthereisaselfattachedtome,andallmybelongingsattachedtome,suchasmyproperty,reputation,wifeanddaughter,etc.attachedtome.Iftheseareviolated,orinordertomakemeandmycompanyItwillbeevilifitisbigger.
Anyotherdoctrinesandreligionshavenottalkedabouthowtocutoffself-viewandego-clinging,soalthoughtheymayreallywanttobenefittheworldatthebeginning,theymayeventuallyleadtoInadisaster,theirthoughtsandwillatthistimeistheirself.
Therehavebeenmanysuchthingsthroughouttheages.Forexample,LiZicheng’speasantuprisingwasreallyintendedtobenefitthecommonpeople,butthenheenteredBeijing,arrogantandextravagant.Forexample,theTaipingHeavenlyKingdomhasalwaysbeensoinhistory.Overandoveragain,therootcauseisthattheydidn'tstartfromcuttingoffself-viewandego-clinging.Eventhoughthepreceptsandthelawweresoprovocative,theywerestilldefeatedintheend.
SoBuddhismalsohasprecepts,andtherearealsopreceptsintheouterpath.TheBuddhistpreceptsandthepathofliberationarebasedonthebasicpointofcuttingoffmyviewandegoclinging.TheMahayanapreceptsarebasedonthebasicpointofPrajna.Otherreligionsandsectsarepreceptsforprecepts,soinessence,theycanalsomakepeoplechangeevilandpromotegoodforaperiodoftime.
Buttherootofevilcannotbecutoff.Inthefirstlife,youmaybeabletobecomeasaintintheworldlikeSisterGrace,becauseithasnotbeencutoffatall.Canitbethesameinthenextlife?Mostofthislifeishardtoguarantee.
AndIseethattherootofegoisduetoignorance,andeventherootoftheinabilitytobecomeaBuddhaisalsoignorance.Fromthispoint,allBuddhistpracticerevolvesaroundtheeliminationofignorance..