InformationRevolution
Informationtechnologyhasexistedsincetheformationofhumansociety,andisconstantlychangingwiththeadvancementofscienceandtechnology.Languageandwritingaretheprimarymeansforhumanstoconveyinformation,andthebeacontoweristhesimplestmeansofconveyinginformationfromadistance.Paperandprintinghavegreatlyexpandedthescopeofinformationcirculation.Sincethemid-nineteenthcentury,whenmankindlearnedtouseelectricityandelectromagneticwaves,therevolutionininformationtechnologyhasacceleratedgreatly.Theinventionofthetelegraph,telephone,radio,andtelevisionmadehumancommunicationandtransmissionofinformationfastandeffective.AftertheSecondWorldWar,theinventionofsemiconductors,integratedcircuits,andcomputers,andthedevelopmentofdigitalcommunicationsandsatellitecommunicationshaveformednewelectronicinformationtechnologies,whichhaveledtoaqualitativeleapinthewayhumansuseinformation.Specifically,humanscannotonlyaccuratelyexchangeinformationbetweenanytwolocationsintheworldwithcorrespondingfacilities,butalsousemachinestocollect,process,process,control,andstoreinformation.Machineshavebeguntoreplacepartofpeople'smentalwork,expandingandextendingthefunctionsofpeople'sthinking,nervesandsenses,allowingpeopletoengageinmorecreativework.Thisisanunprecedentedchangeandanewleapformankindintransformingnature.
Theinformationtechnologyrevolutionnotonlyprovidesmankindwithnewmeansofproduction,bringsaboutthegreatdevelopmentofproductivityandchangesinorganizationandmanagementmethods,butalsocauseschangesintheindustrialstructureandeconomicstructure.Thesechangeswillfurthercausechangesinpeople'svaluesandsocialconsciousness,sothatthesocialstructureandpoliticalsystemwillalsochangeaccordingly.Forexample,thepopularizationofcomputershaspromotedfactoryautomation,officeautomationandhomeautomation,formingtheso-called"3A"revolution.Theinformationandcommunicationnetworkformedbytheintegrationofcomputerandcommunicationtechnologyhaspromotedtheinternationalizationoftheeconomy.Theglobalfinancialinformationnetworkformedbythefinancialcommunityallowsfundstoovercomethetimedifferenceandgreatlyincreaseinvaluethroughglobalcirculationthroughoutthedayandnight.Multinationalcorporationsalreadycontrolalargepartofproductionandinternationaltrade.Atthesametime,thissystemalsoexpandspeople'seducationalopportunities,allowingmorepeopletoengageinmorecreativework.Theextensivecirculationofinformationpromotesthedecentralizationofpowerandthedemocratizationofdecision-making.Withtheimprovementofpeople'seducationlevel,morepeoplewillparticipateinvariousdecision-making.Thedevelopmentofthissituationwillinevitablybringaboutchangesinthesocialstructure.Inshort,theemergenceandfurtherdevelopmentofmoderninformationtechnologywillcausetremendouschangesinpeople'sproductionmethodsandlifestyles,causeeconomicandsocialchanges,andenablemankindtomovetowardanewcivilization.
Thedevelopmentofinformation
Theinformationsuperhighway
Lookingbackoverthepastfewthousandyears,theprogressofhumansocietydependstoalargeextentontheconstructionofinfrastructure,suchasHousing,roads,farmlandwaterconservancy,factories,etc.areallindispensablefoundationsforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Inthe20thcentury,theinformationsuperhighway,aglobalinfrastructure,wasbuilt.
TheU.S.government’spolicyonthe“informationsuperhighway”isbasedonfiveprinciples:First,encourageprivatecompaniestoincreaseinvestment;second,promoteandprotectcompetitionamongprivatecompanies;third,thepublichasopportunitiesObtainservices;fourth,avoidthephenomenonof"unevenrichandpoor"ininformationownership;fifth,maintainflexibilityintechnicaldesign.
Sixmonthslater,theJapanesegovernmentalsodecidedtoestablishanationalultra-high-speedinformationnetwork.OnFebruary16,1994,theEuropeanCommissionannouncedthatitwouldbuilditsown"informationsuperhighway."Singapore's"informationsuperhighway"planhasalsobeencompleted.ThesecircumstancesshowthattheSecondInformationRevolutionhasbegun.
Sincetheadventofcomputersinthemid-1940s,thefirstinformationrevolutionthathasemergedworldwidehashadanunprecedentedimpactonhumansociety.Theinformationindustryhasemergedasthetimesrequire.Towardsaninformationsociety.Bytheearly1990s,theamountofworkdonebyusingcomputersintheUnitedStateswasequivalenttothatof400billionpeopleayear.IndustriesbasedoninformationtechnologyhaveaccountedformorethanhalfoftheGDPindevelopedcountries.Atthetimewhencountriesaroundtheworldproposedtoestablishaninformationsuperhighway,therewere400millioncomputersand1billiontelephonesintheworld(early1994),butthetransmissionofinformationonaglobalscalewasstillnotsmooth.The"informationsuperhighway"thattheUnitedStatesplanstobuildwithin10-15yearsreferstoadigitalhigh-capacityopticalfibercommunicationnetworkusedtonetworkgovernmentagencies,enterprises,universities,scientificresearchinstitutions,andhomecomputers.Ittakes13hourstotransmit33volumesof"EncyclopediaBritannica"usingthecomputernetworkinthe1990s,andittakesonly4.7secondstousethe"informationhighway".
Thesecondinformationrevolutionsetoffbythe"informationsuperhighway"ischaracterizedbynetworkingandmultimedia.The"informationhighway"cantransmitinformationsuchasdata,images,andsounds.Itsservicescopeincludeseducation,health,entertainment,commerce,financeandscientificresearch,etc.,anditwilltaketheformoftwo-waycommunication.
Intoday'seconomiccompetition,masteringinformationandturningitintoaneconomicadvantagewillwin.ThefamousAmericanfuturistAlvinTofflerpointedoutinhisbook"PowerTransfer":Theriseofthewealthcreationsystembasedoninformationisthemostimportantthingincontemporaryeconomy,andknowledgehasbecomethemostimportantthinginthemilitaryandeconomy.theelementsof.Japan'sNationalScienceandTechnologyPolicyResearchInstitutepredictsthatwithin10yearsfrom2011to2020,humanknowledgewillincrease3-4times.TheAmerican"Futurist"publishedintheJanuary-February1994issuepointedoutthatby2110,90%ofthelaborforcewillbeinvolvedintheapplicationofinformationtechnology,whichwillgreatlypromoteeconomicdevelopmentandchangethewaypeopleliveandwork.
However,thesecondinformationrevolutionmayalsowidentheNorth-Southgap.Developingcountriesareevenmoredisadvantagedduetothelackofinformationtechnology,capitalandtalents.Therefore,thesecondinformationrevolutionshouldbehighlyvaluedandthetrainingoftalentsshouldbesteppedup.,Andstrivetocatchup;developedcountriesshouldimplementpreferentialpoliciestohelpdevelopingcountrieswelcomethearrivalofthesecondinformationrevolution.
Changesinrole
Intheeraofinformationrevolution,theroleofinformationhasundergonequalitativechanges.
PeterDrucker,theworld'smasterofmanagementthought,pointedoutinhislatestbook"ManagementChallengesinthe21stCentury"thatwearenowexperiencinganinformationrevolution.Thisisnotarevolutionintechnology,machinery,software,orspeed,butarevolutionin"concepts."Inthepast50years,informationtechnologyhasfocusedondata-collecting,storing,transmittingandprintingdata,withtheemphasison"technology",whilethenewinformationrevolutionhasfocusedon"information."
Inthepast,thedatathatwasusefultoenterpriseswasmainlyusedtocalculatecosts,andtheaccountingsystemwassetuptoprovidecostinformationandcontrolcosts.However,thebasisforthecurrententerprisetosucceedistofocusonthevalueandwealthcreated,whichrequiresdecision-makingwithrisk:relyonbusinessphilosophy,businessstrategy,abandontheoldforinnovation,achieveshort-termprofitsandseizemarketshareThebalancebetweenandsoon.Thistypeofstrategicdecisioniswhattheseniorleadersofacompanyreallyneed.However,thedataprovidedbythetraditionalaccountingsystemcannotprovidetheseatall.Therefore,thecurrentrequirementsforinformationtechnologyarenotmoredata,technology,andspeed.Whatisneedednowisanewconceptofinformation.Oneofthenewareas,andthemostimportantarea,ishowtoorganizetheinformationoutsidetheenterprise.Theseinformationarenotrelatedtoeachotherandprovidedbydifferentsources,buttheyhaveThetwopointsareincommon,thatis,theyprovideinformationratherthandata.Theyareinformationthatseniorleadersneedtomakehigh-leveldecisions.
Thefundamentalgoalofanenterpriseistocreatewealth.Inordertocreatewealth,anenterpriseneedsfourkindsofinformation:basicinformation,productivityinformation,qualityinformation,andresourceallocationinformation.Butthisinformationonlytellsusthestatusquoofthecompany,itisusedtoguidethe"strategy."Asfortheinformationneededfor"strategy",itshouldinclude:market,customersandnon-customers,technologyofthisindustryandotherindustries,worldfinance,andthechanginginternationaleconomicorder,etc.
Informationisnotjustakindofknowledge,itcanleadtotherightactions.Thepersonwhoproducesthedatagenerallydoesnotknowwhatkindofdatatheuserneedstoturnitintoinformation.Onlyindividualknowledgeworkers,especiallyindividualbusinessleaders,willturndataintoinformationandorganizethisinformationtotakeeffectiveactions.
InformationRevolution
TheannualmeetingofFortuneGlobalForumwillleaveusnotonlythetangibleinvestmentofthesemultinationalcompaniesthatinfluencetheworld,butmoreimportantly,theirdepictionofthefutureworld,Thehalooftheirrespectivesuccesshistoriesreflectedfromthecontestofintelligence,showsthetenmajortrendsthatarebeginningtoemergefromtheinformationtechnologyrevolutionintheworldtoday.
TrendOne
Eatfastandeatslowly.Itisinthestageofalocalexplosion.Occupyingaleadingpositioninalocalmarket(especiallytheUSandEuropeanmarkets)willhelptobecomeaglobalmarketstandardizationmaker.Thekeytosuccessorfailureistransformingfromthetraditional"bigeatsmall"modelAs"fasteatslow".
TrendTwo
Theearthhaschanged.Duetothecross-bordernatureofinformationtechnology,traditionalgeo-economics,geo-culture,geo-military,andgeo-politicsaregivingwaytothemodernnetworkeconomy,networkculture,networkmilitary,andnetworkpolitics.
TrendThree
WestRongdong.Astheinformationtechnologyrevolutionwilldividetheworld’swealthinathree-dimensionalspaceagain,theWesternHemisphereEconomicCircle,thebirthplaceofthetechnologyrevolution,hasintensifieditspenetrationintothewarmandcoldEasternHemisphereeconomiccircle.Atthesametime,theEasternHemispherecountriesrelyontheinformationrevolution.Upgradingandreplacingitsownindustrialstructure,inordertogetridofthe"colonies"thathavebeenreducedtoanewroundofglobalcyberenclosurewarsinthenextcentury,theyarealsoactivelyintroducingadvancedWesterntechnologiesindesperation.
TrendFour
Congbecomesstupid.Astheinformationtechnologyrevolutionhasexpandedfromasingleinformationtechnologyindustrytoacross-industryrevolution,moreandmoresmartpeoplecontinuetolaunch"dumbversion"ofinformationtechnologyproductstotargethundredsofthousandsoftimesmoretechnicalusersOrdinarypeople.
Trend5
Narrowingandwidening.Thee-commercerevolutiontriggeredbytheinformationtechnologyrevolutionhasputforwardahugemarketdemandforthetransmissionpathofglobalinformationinfrastructuretoendusers,whetheritisinthebasictelecommunicationslayer,theaccessservicelayer,orthebusinessapplicationlayer.Thewiderthebandwidthis,ithasbecomeanimportantfactorincompetitionandvictory.
TrendSix
Splittingstraight.Duetotheinformationtechnologyrevolution,manufacturersandenduserscanbeconnectedatanytimeandanyplace.Thetraditionaldistributionagencysystemisbeingimpactedbythedirectsellinginteractivesystem.
TrendSeven
Youngandold.Becauseinnovationisthesouloftheinformationtechnologyrevolution,thoseentrepreneurswithveteranqualificationsandoldideasthathavebeeninthepastandwilleventuallyreturntothepastwillgivewaytonewenterprisesandyoungheroesdedicatedtoinnovationandfullofvitality(UnitedStates1999Morethanninety-fivepercentofthe40richestyoungpeopleintheyearcomefrominformationtechnology).
Trend8
Closeandopen.WhenthetrendoftheglobalinformationtechnologyrevolutionspreadstodevelopingcountriessuchasChina,itisnecessarytoproperlyhandletheequalityandinequalitybetweenthetechnologicalleadercountriesandthetechnology-receivingcountries,aswellasthedifferencesinpoliticalsystemsbetweentheEastandtheWest.Therealityofthewideninggapbetweentherichandtheprudentinformationtechnologypolicyisveryimportanttodevelopingcountries.Itmaybewisetoformulaterulesbeforeopeningup.
Trend9
Drinkhighanddrinklow.AstheinformationtechnologyrevolutionmakesthepoliticalandmilitaryconflictbetweentheEastandtheWestappearunbalancedinfavoroftheWest,thegapbetweentheeconomicandinterestfrictionsbetweentheNorthandtheSouthhaswidened,andtheglobalindustrywillagainbedividedintostructures,withhigh-techexploitationandlow-techexploitation.Yes,awarwithoutgunsmokeisstarting.
TrendTen
Technologychangeandtrade.Theinformationtechnologyrevolutionisfrommilitarytoscientificresearch,fromeducationtocommerce.In2003,theglobale-commercetradevolumebetweenenterprisesalonewillexceedUS$1trillion.Withtheinformationtechnologyrevolutionastheinducement,theglobalelectronictradeastheform,andthefightforthecommandingheightsofglobalwealthastheessence,thewarof"netpower"inthenewcenturyhasbegun.