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Mass media



Functionalcharacteristics

Theinformationdisseminatedbythemediahasthecharacteristicsoffastspeed,widerangeandgreatinfluence.

Themassmediahasfivefunctions:propagandafunction,newsdisseminationfunction,publicopinionsupervisionfunction,practicalfunctionandculturalaccumulationfunction.

Masscommunicationmediaaremainlydividedintotwocategories:printingandelectronic.Bothtypesofmediahavetheirowncharacteristics.

Printedmassmediamainlyincludenewspapersandmagazines.Thecirculationofnewspapersisrelativelylarge,soitistheprintmasscommunicationmediumwiththelargestaudience,anditisthecommunicationtoolfavoredbyenterprises.Therefore,newspapershavemanyadvantages.

First,theinformationismoredetailed.Comparedwithtelevision,theinformationcontainedinnewspapersismorethorough,detailed,andcomprehensive,andreaderscanobtainmoresystematicinformation.

Second,informationisoptional.Modernlifeisfast-pacedandtimeistight.Althoughnewspaperscarryalargeamountofinformation,readerscanchoosewhattheyareinterestedinaccordingtotheirneedsandhobbies,insteadofwatchingTVorlisteningtotheradio,whethertheylikeit.Youhavetolookafter(listen)itornot.

Thirdly,informationcanberetained.Whenencounteringgoodproductinformation,readerscankeepitforalongtimeforrequest.Althoughthesoundofradioandtelevisionisaudible,thepicturesarevivid,buttheyarefleetinganddifficulttoretaininmemoryforalongtime.

Fourth,informationcostsarelow.Thepriceofnewspapersisrelativelylow,andthereisnoneedtoinvestalargeamountofmoneyatonetime,whichisacceptabletothemasses.Theinvestmentinelectronicequipmentisrelativelyhigh,andspecialreceivingequipmentisrequired,andthecomputeralsorequirescertainoperatingskills.

Newspapers

"DiBao"Chinaisoneoftheearliestnewspapersintheworld.The"DiBao"publishedintheTangDynastyistheoldestexistingnewspaperintheworld.IntheTangDynasty,newspapersappearedthathadtheprimaryfunctionofnewsdisseminationandwereonlycirculatedamongofficials.

"ZhaowenXinbao",foundedbyAiXiaomeiinHankouonAugust8,1873,wastheearliestChinesenewspaperfoundedbytheChinese.ItwasmodeledafterHongKongandShanghai.Thecontentwasmostlyanecdotes,andtherewerepoetryandmiscellaneousworks.Althoughtherewerecertainreaders,thesalesstillfailedtoopen.Thepublicationwasclosedafterlessthanayear.

ThenChinesenewspapersandperiodicalsappearedinsomecitiesalongthesoutheastcoastofChina.ThemoreimportantonesareShanghai's"Report",Guangzhou's"Shubao"and"Guangbao".DuringtheReformMovement,therewere120newspapersandperiodicalspublishednationwide,morethan80%ofwhichwererunbyChinesepeople.Theyspreadacrossmanycitiesacrossthecountry,formingthefirstclimaxofnewspaperpublishinginourcountry.

Thepressactivitiesofthebourgeoisreformistsnotonlybrokethemonopolyofforeignnewspapers,butalsopromotedthedevelopmentofthemovement."WanguoBulletin","StrongJournal"and"Times".

"MinBao"wasfoundedinTokyoin1905.Itisalarge-scalemonthlymagazinewithcolumnssuchasessays,currentreviews,talks,andselectedrecords.ChenTianhua,ZhuZhixin,ZhangTaiyan,andLiuShipeisuccessivelyparticipatedintheeditingwork.SunYat-sen,inhispublicationforthe"MinBao",summarizedtheclaimsoftheTongmenghuiintonationalism,civilrightsandpeople'slivelihood.Theestablishmentofthenewspaperanditspropagandastrengthenedthemomentumoftherevolutionariesandbecamethecenterofprogressivepublicopinion.,

"NewYouth"wasoriginallycalled"YouthMagazine".ItwasfirstpublishedinShanghaionSeptember15,1915,editedbyChenDuxiu.Thefollowingyearwasrenamed"NewYouth"."NewYouth"takesthedisseminationofdemocracyandscienceasitsmission,vigorouslypromotesnewideas,advocatesnewmorals,fiercelycriticizesfeudalculturalthoughtsandfeudalethicsandmorals,andguidesyoungpeopletobreakthroughtheshacklesoffeudalethics."NewYouth"isthemostinfluentialpublicationinthe"May4th"NewCultureMovement.

"RedChina"wasfoundedin1931.ItisanagencynewspaperoftheCentralWorkersandPeasants'Government,publishedinYepingVillage,Ruijin.Becomeapowerfultoolusedbythepartyandgovernmenttoorganizewarandeconomicmobilization.

"XinhuaDaily"createditsownpublicationuntilitwasbannedbytheKuomintangonFebruary28,1947,andfoughtbravelyinthecenterofKuomintangrulefor9years,1month,and18days.PropagatingMarxism-Leninism,persistinginpropagatingtheparty'slineandpolicies,andlaunchedamultifacetedstrugglewiththeKuomintang.

"People'sDaily"and"GuangmingDaily"arethemainpublicopiniontoolsforpublicizingtheparty'sline,policiesandguidelines.

ChinaBusinessAdvertisingAssociationandCommunicationUniversityofChinaorganizedthetopthreenewspapersinthe2008ChinaConsumerIdealBrandSurvey:SouthernWeekend,ReferenceNews,andPeople’sDaily.

Broadcasting

(1)Thefirstbroadcastingstation:In1923,theAnglo-AmericannewspapercompanyfoundedtheContinentalNews-ChinaRadioCorporationBroadcastingStation"(Shanghai).

(2)ThefirstradiostationrunbytheChinese:HarbinRadioStationofficiallyopenedin1926.

(3)China’sfirstprivateradiostation:ShanghaiXinxinCompanyopenedin1927.

(4)China’sfirstnationalradiostation:TheCentralRadioStationpreparedbytheNanjingNationalistGovernmentstartedbroadcastinginNanjingin1928.

Television

MoviesThecareerinChinahasgonefromsilenttosound,fromblackandwhitetocolor,fromimportedtodomesticallyproducedfilms.

InAugust1896,"WesternMovies"wasshowninanothervillageinXuyuan,Shanghai."ThisisthefirstfilmscreeninginChina.

China’sfirstself-portraitfilm"DingjunMountain"-1905

China’sfirstfeaturefilm"ADifficultWife"

China’sfirstsoundfilm"SongGirlRedPeony"

China’sfirstmartialartsmovie"BurningRedLotusTemple"

China’sfirstinternationalfilmAward-winningmovie"YuguangSong"

Inaddition,"OrphansSaveAncestors","EightThousandMilesofCloudsandMoon","SmallTownSpring","SanMaoWanderings","SisterFlowers","TheChildrenofWindandClouds""WanJiaLanHuo"areallwell-knownmasterpiecesinChinesefilmhistory.

Internet

In1993,China’sfirstInternetdedicatedlinewasofficiallyopened.Inthefirsthalfof2003,thenumberofusersreached68millionhouseholds,rankingsecondintheworld.Usersexceeded100millioninthefirsthalfof2005.Netizensexceeded250millionin2008,rankingfirstintheworld.

SponsoredbyChinaBusinessAdvertisingAssociationandCommunicationUniversityofChina2008ThetopthreewebsitesintheChinaConsumerIdealBrandSurvey:Baidu,Sina,andSohu.GroupsdebatetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternet.ShowtheinfluenceoftheInternet.

Pros:ThenetworkofgovernmentfunctionsprovidesthepublicwithmoreConvenientservices,e-commerce,onlineshopping,onlinefinancialmanagement,distanceeducation,telemedicine,sendingandreceivinge-mails,playinggames,accessinginformation,makingfriendsandchatting,watchingnews.Disadvantages:negativeeffectsonthehealthofyoungpeople.ObsessedwithInternetcafes,addictedtogames,Goingastrayandleavingschool;addictedtothevirtualworldisnotconducivetonormalsocialinteraction.

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