Functionalcharacteristics
Theinformationdisseminatedbythemediahasthecharacteristicsoffastspeed,widerangeandgreatinfluence.
Themassmediahasfivefunctions:propagandafunction,newsdisseminationfunction,publicopinionsupervisionfunction,practicalfunctionandculturalaccumulationfunction.
Masscommunicationmediaaremainlydividedintotwocategories:printingandelectronic.Bothtypesofmediahavetheirowncharacteristics.
Printedmassmediamainlyincludenewspapersandmagazines.Thecirculationofnewspapersisrelativelylarge,soitistheprintmasscommunicationmediumwiththelargestaudience,anditisthecommunicationtoolfavoredbyenterprises.Therefore,newspapershavemanyadvantages.
First,theinformationismoredetailed.Comparedwithtelevision,theinformationcontainedinnewspapersismorethorough,detailed,andcomprehensive,andreaderscanobtainmoresystematicinformation.
Second,informationisoptional.Modernlifeisfast-pacedandtimeistight.Althoughnewspaperscarryalargeamountofinformation,readerscanchoosewhattheyareinterestedinaccordingtotheirneedsandhobbies,insteadofwatchingTVorlisteningtotheradio,whethertheylikeit.Youhavetolookafter(listen)itornot.
Thirdly,informationcanberetained.Whenencounteringgoodproductinformation,readerscankeepitforalongtimeforrequest.Althoughthesoundofradioandtelevisionisaudible,thepicturesarevivid,buttheyarefleetinganddifficulttoretaininmemoryforalongtime.
Fourth,informationcostsarelow.Thepriceofnewspapersisrelativelylow,andthereisnoneedtoinvestalargeamountofmoneyatonetime,whichisacceptabletothemasses.Theinvestmentinelectronicequipmentisrelativelyhigh,andspecialreceivingequipmentisrequired,andthecomputeralsorequirescertainoperatingskills.
Newspapers
"DiBao"Chinaisoneoftheearliestnewspapersintheworld.The"DiBao"publishedintheTangDynastyistheoldestexistingnewspaperintheworld.IntheTangDynasty,newspapersappearedthathadtheprimaryfunctionofnewsdisseminationandwereonlycirculatedamongofficials.
"ZhaowenXinbao",foundedbyAiXiaomeiinHankouonAugust8,1873,wastheearliestChinesenewspaperfoundedbytheChinese.ItwasmodeledafterHongKongandShanghai.Thecontentwasmostlyanecdotes,andtherewerepoetryandmiscellaneousworks.Althoughtherewerecertainreaders,thesalesstillfailedtoopen.Thepublicationwasclosedafterlessthanayear.
ThenChinesenewspapersandperiodicalsappearedinsomecitiesalongthesoutheastcoastofChina.ThemoreimportantonesareShanghai's"Report",Guangzhou's"Shubao"and"Guangbao".DuringtheReformMovement,therewere120newspapersandperiodicalspublishednationwide,morethan80%ofwhichwererunbyChinesepeople.Theyspreadacrossmanycitiesacrossthecountry,formingthefirstclimaxofnewspaperpublishinginourcountry.
Thepressactivitiesofthebourgeoisreformistsnotonlybrokethemonopolyofforeignnewspapers,butalsopromotedthedevelopmentofthemovement."WanguoBulletin","StrongJournal"and"Times".
"MinBao"wasfoundedinTokyoin1905.Itisalarge-scalemonthlymagazinewithcolumnssuchasessays,currentreviews,talks,andselectedrecords.ChenTianhua,ZhuZhixin,ZhangTaiyan,andLiuShipeisuccessivelyparticipatedintheeditingwork.SunYat-sen,inhispublicationforthe"MinBao",summarizedtheclaimsoftheTongmenghuiintonationalism,civilrightsandpeople'slivelihood.Theestablishmentofthenewspaperanditspropagandastrengthenedthemomentumoftherevolutionariesandbecamethecenterofprogressivepublicopinion.,
"NewYouth"wasoriginallycalled"YouthMagazine".ItwasfirstpublishedinShanghaionSeptember15,1915,editedbyChenDuxiu.Thefollowingyearwasrenamed"NewYouth"."NewYouth"takesthedisseminationofdemocracyandscienceasitsmission,vigorouslypromotesnewideas,advocatesnewmorals,fiercelycriticizesfeudalculturalthoughtsandfeudalethicsandmorals,andguidesyoungpeopletobreakthroughtheshacklesoffeudalethics."NewYouth"isthemostinfluentialpublicationinthe"May4th"NewCultureMovement.
"RedChina"wasfoundedin1931.ItisanagencynewspaperoftheCentralWorkersandPeasants'Government,publishedinYepingVillage,Ruijin.Becomeapowerfultoolusedbythepartyandgovernmenttoorganizewarandeconomicmobilization.
"XinhuaDaily"createditsownpublicationuntilitwasbannedbytheKuomintangonFebruary28,1947,andfoughtbravelyinthecenterofKuomintangrulefor9years,1month,and18days.PropagatingMarxism-Leninism,persistinginpropagatingtheparty'slineandpolicies,andlaunchedamultifacetedstrugglewiththeKuomintang.
"People'sDaily"and"GuangmingDaily"arethemainpublicopiniontoolsforpublicizingtheparty'sline,policiesandguidelines.
ChinaBusinessAdvertisingAssociationandCommunicationUniversityofChinaorganizedthetopthreenewspapersinthe2008ChinaConsumerIdealBrandSurvey:SouthernWeekend,ReferenceNews,andPeople’sDaily.
Broadcasting
(1)Thefirstbroadcastingstation:In1923,theAnglo-AmericannewspapercompanyfoundedtheContinentalNews-ChinaRadioCorporationBroadcastingStation"(Shanghai).
(2)ThefirstradiostationrunbytheChinese:HarbinRadioStationofficiallyopenedin1926.
(3)China’sfirstprivateradiostation:ShanghaiXinxinCompanyopenedin1927.
(4)China’sfirstnationalradiostation:TheCentralRadioStationpreparedbytheNanjingNationalistGovernmentstartedbroadcastinginNanjingin1928.
Television
MoviesThecareerinChinahasgonefromsilenttosound,fromblackandwhitetocolor,fromimportedtodomesticallyproducedfilms.
InAugust1896,"WesternMovies"wasshowninanothervillageinXuyuan,Shanghai."ThisisthefirstfilmscreeninginChina.
China’sfirstself-portraitfilm"DingjunMountain"-1905
China’sfirstfeaturefilm"ADifficultWife"
China’sfirstsoundfilm"SongGirlRedPeony"
China’sfirstmartialartsmovie"BurningRedLotusTemple"
China’sfirstinternationalfilmAward-winningmovie"YuguangSong"
Inaddition,"OrphansSaveAncestors","EightThousandMilesofCloudsandMoon","SmallTownSpring","SanMaoWanderings","SisterFlowers","TheChildrenofWindandClouds""WanJiaLanHuo"areallwell-knownmasterpiecesinChinesefilmhistory.
Internet
In1993,China’sfirstInternetdedicatedlinewasofficiallyopened.Inthefirsthalfof2003,thenumberofusersreached68millionhouseholds,rankingsecondintheworld.Usersexceeded100millioninthefirsthalfof2005.Netizensexceeded250millionin2008,rankingfirstintheworld.
SponsoredbyChinaBusinessAdvertisingAssociationandCommunicationUniversityofChina2008ThetopthreewebsitesintheChinaConsumerIdealBrandSurvey:Baidu,Sina,andSohu.GroupsdebatetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternet.ShowtheinfluenceoftheInternet.
Pros:ThenetworkofgovernmentfunctionsprovidesthepublicwithmoreConvenientservices,e-commerce,onlineshopping,onlinefinancialmanagement,distanceeducation,telemedicine,sendingandreceivinge-mails,playinggames,accessinginformation,makingfriendsandchatting,watchingnews.Disadvantages:negativeeffectsonthehealthofyoungpeople.ObsessedwithInternetcafes,addictedtogames,Goingastrayandleavingschool;addictedtothevirtualworldisnotconducivetonormalsocialinteraction.