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Metal matrix composite



Characteristics

Itscharacteristicsintermsofmechanicsarehightransverseandshearstrength,goodcomprehensivemechanicalpropertiessuchastoughnessandfatigue,aswellasthermalconductivity,electricalconductivity,wearresistance,andthermalexpansioncoefficient.Ithastheadvantagesofsmallsize,gooddamping,nomoistureabsorption,noagingandnopollution.Forexample,carbonfiberreinforcedaluminumcompositematerialshaveaspecificstrengthof3to4×107mmandaspecificmodulusof6to8×109mm.Forexample,graphitefiberreinforcedmagnesiumnotonlyhasaspecificmodulusof1.5×1010mm,butalsohasathermalexpansioncoefficientclosetozero.

Classification

Metalmatrixcompositematerialsareclassifiedaccordingtothetypesofreinforcements,suchasfiberreinforcement(includingcontinuousandshortcut),whiskerreinforcementandparticlereinforcement,etc.,accordingtometaloralloyThematrixis​​different,metalmatrixcompositematerialscanbedividedintoaluminum-based,magnesium-based,copper-based,titanium-based,high-temperaturealloy-based,intermetalliccompound-basedandrefractorymetal-basedcompositematerials.Duetothehighprocessingtemperature,complexprocess,difficultinterfacereactioncontrol,andrelativelyhighcostofsuchcompositematerials,theapplicationmaturityisfarlessthanthatofresin-basedcompositematerials,andtheapplicationrangeisrelativelysmall.

Application

Resinmatrixcompositescanusuallyonlybeusedindifferenttemperaturerangesbelow350℃.Inrecentyears,variousmetalmatrixcompositematerialssuitableforuseat350°Cto1200°Carebeingrapidlydevelopedandresearched.Metalmatrixcompositematerialisacompositematerialmadebycombiningmetaloralloyasthematrixwithvariousreinforcingmaterials.Thereinforcingmaterialcanbesiliconcarbide,boron,aluminumoxide,andcarbonfiberintheformoffibers,particles,andwhiskers.Inadditiontometalsubstratessuchasaluminumandmagnesium,non-ferrousmetalssuchastitanium,copper,zinc,lead,berylliumsuperalloys,intermetalliccompounds,andferrousmetalshavealsobeendevelopedasmetalsubstrates.Metalmatrixcompositeshavethesamehighstrengthandhighmodulusasresinmatrixcomposites.Theycanwithstandhightemperatures,arenon-flammable,non-moisture-absorbing,havegoodthermalandelectricalconductivity,andareresistanttoradiation.Itisaneye-catchinghigh-temperaturematerialforaerospaceandcanbeusedasasurfacematerialforaircraftturbineenginesandrocketenginehotzonesandsupersonicaircraft.Thecontinuousdevelopmentandimprovementofmetalmatrixcompositematerialsisthefastestgrowingsiliconcarbideparticlealuminumalloy.Thespecificgravityofthismetalmatrixcompositeisonly1/3ofsteeland2/3oftitaniumalloy,whichissimilartoaluminumalloy.Itsstrengthisbetterthanmediumcarbonsteel,similartotitaniumalloybutslightlyhigherthanaluminumalloy.Itswearresistanceisalsobetterthantitaniumalloyandaluminumalloy.Ithasbeenappliedinsmallbatchesintheautomobileindustryandmachineryindustry.Thecommercialapplicationprospectsin5-15yearsareautomobilepistons,brakeparts,connectingrods,robotparts,computerparts,sportsequipment,etc.

Problems

Themainproblemofmetalmatrixcompositesisthatthemanufacturingprocessofmetalcompositesiscomplexandexpensive,andtheyhavenotyetbeenappliedinindustrial-scaleproduction.

Researchprogress

In2015,Americanscientistsdevelopedabrand-newmetalmaterialthatcanfloatonwater.Thisnewlight-weightmaterialiscalled"metalmatrixcompositematerial"andisjointlydevelopedbytheUSmilitaryandscientiststohelpwarshipsavoidsinkingunderstructuraldamage.

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