TermInterpretation
Thenationalinnovationsystemistheengineandfoundationofsocialeconomyandsustainabledevelopment.Itistocultivatehigh-qualitytalentsandrealizethecomprehensivenessofpeopleThecradleofdevelopmentandsocialprogressisthesoulandfocusofcomprehensivenationalpowercompetition.Itsmainfunctionsareknowledgeinnovation,technologicalinnovation,knowledgedissemination,andknowledgeapplication.
The"Outline"ofthe"TenthFive-YearPlan"proposedforthefirsttime:"BuildingaNationalInnovationSystem";"EstablishingaNationalKnowledgeInnovationSystemandPromotingKnowledgeInnovationProjects";andimplementingthegrandstrategyof"LeapfrogDevelopment".InOctober1949,thePeople'sRepublicofChinawasdeclaredestablished,andinNovemberofthesameyear,theChineseAcademyofScienceswasestablished.Subsequently,scientificresearchinstitutionsofgovernmentdepartments,scientificresearchinstitutionsofenterprises,scientificresearchinstitutionsofuniversities,andlocalscientificresearchinstitutionswereestablishedoneafteranother.ItcanbesaidthattheinnovationanddevelopmentoftheChinesecountryissynchronizedwiththegrowthofthenewChina.Especiallysincethereformandopeningup,China'sinnovationsystemhasbeenconstantlyevolving.Generallyspeaking,inChina'smodernizationdrive,mycountry'snationalinnovationsystemhasbeencontinuouslyimprovedandstrengthened.
Strategicevolution
Theevolutionofmycountry'snationalinnovationstrategycanberoughlydividedintofourstages.
1.Formationstage(1949-1977)Themainfeatureofthisstageistheestablishmentofvariousscientificresearchinstitutions,theformulationofnationalscienceandtechnologydevelopmentplans,andthegradualformationofanationalinnovationsystem.Thescienceandtechnologyplansofthisperiodmainlyincludethe"12-yearscienceandtechnologydevelopmentplan"andsoon.Thisstageismainlyfortheneedsofnationaldefenseandsecurity.China’shigh-techdevelopmenttendstobemilitary.Ithasmadeunremittingeffortsinhigh-energyphysics,chemicalphysics,andnear-Earthspacemarinescience.Thesuccessfuldevelopmentofthe"twobombsandonesatellite"isItsanimportantsign.ThesescientificandtechnologicalachievementshavenotonlygreatlyincreasedChina'sinternationalprestige,butalsopromotedtheestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina'shigh-tech.Thenationalinnovationmodelatthistimeismainly"government-led",whichisdirectlycontrolledbythegovernment,andthecorrespondingorganizationalsystemisstrictlydividedaccordingtofunctionsandadministrativeaffiliation;theinnovationmotivationcomesfromthegovernment'sconsiderationofthesocialdevelopmentofthenationaleconomyandtheneedsofnationaldefenseandsecurity,etc.Innovativegovernmentformulationsatalllevels;thegovernmentisthemaininputofresources,andtheresourcesareallocatedstrictlyaccordingtotheplan.Theexecutorsororganizersofinnovationsinnovatetocompletegovernmenttasks,andtheirinterestsdonotdirectlydependontheiractualresults,nordotheyTaketheriskandresponsibilityofinnovationfailure.
2.Developmentstage(1978-1995)Themainmanifestationofthisstageistoexplorethedevelopmentmodelandinnovationpolicyofthenationalinnovationsystem,andintroducereformpoliciesandmeasures.Duringthisperiod,theinnovationmodelwasmainlyaplan-ledmodel,thatis,theestablishmentofanationalscienceandtechnologyplanandtheintroductionofacompetitionmechanismintothenationalscienceandtechnologyplan.TheformationofthismodelwasaccompaniedbytheprocessofChina'sreformandopeningup.Withthecontinuousexpansionofstate-ownedenterprises'autonomy,themarket'sregulatoryroleinenterpriseshascontinuedtoincrease.Byreformingthefundingsystem,cultivatinganddevelopingthetechnologymarket,thevitalityofscientificresearchinstitutionstoserveeconomicconstructionhasbeencontinuouslyenhanced,andtheprocessofcommercializationandindustrializationofscientificresearchresultshasbeenaccelerating,allofwhichhaveacceleratedthedevelopmentofmycountry'snationalinnovationsystem.Duringthisperiod,mostofthenationalscientificresearchfundsappearedintheformofnationalscienceandtechnologyplans,andgovernmentstaffmanagedtheallocationofscientificresearchfunds.Thestatehassuccessivelyissuedaseriesofplans:NationalKeyScientificandTechnologicalResearchPlan,High-TechDevelopmentPlan(863Plan)TorchPlan,SparkPlan,MajorAchievementPromotionPlan,NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,ClimbingPlanandotherscientificandtechnologicalplans.Atthesametime,inordertomeetthewaveoftheworld'shigh-techrevolution,Chinahasalsosetupmanyscienceandtechnologyparkslikemanyothercountries.SincetheestablishmentofChina'sfirsthigh-techpark"ShenzhenScienceIndustrialZone"inJuly1985,Chinahasestablished52state-levelhigh-techparkswithatotalareaof676.16squarekilometers.Inaddition,therearemorethan70provincialandmunicipalhigh-techparksoreconomicdevelopmentzones.
3.Thestageofthenationaltechnologicalinnovationsystem(1995-1998)Duringthisperiod,thetechnologicalinnovationmodeloftheenterprisewashighlighted.ThedistinctivefeatureofthisstageistheestablishmentofthemarketThegoaloftheeconomyistostartwiththeenterprise,reformtheenterprisesystemandthepropertyrightsystem,andstrengthentheinnovationfunctionoftheenterprise.Themacro-managementsystemhasalsoundergonemajorchanges.Thegovernment’smajorscienceandtechnologyplansaregraduallybeingjointlyformulatedbythescienceandtechnologyandeconomicauthorities,andnewparticipantshaveemerged,suchastheNationalEngineeringCenter(includingtheNationalEngineeringResearchCenter,theNationalEngineeringTechnologyResearchCenter,etc.),TheProductivityPromotionCenterhasacceleratedthecommercializationandmarketizationofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.In1995,thecountrylaunchedthestrategyof"rejuvenatingthecountrythroughscienceandeducation".In1996,thestatedecidedtolaunchthe"TechnicalInnovationProject",withafocusonimprovingthetechnologicalinnovationcapabilitiesofenterprises.
4.Thestageofthenationalinnovationsystem(from1998topresent)InDecember1997,theChineseAcademyofSciencessubmittedthereport"Meetingtheeraofknowledgeeconomyandbuildinganationalinnovationsystem".Thereportputsforwardthenationalinnovationsystemfortheeraofknowledgeeconomy,includingknowledgeinnovationsystem,technologicalinnovationsystem,knowledgedisseminationsystemandknowledgeapplicationsystem.Thereportishighlyvaluedbynationalleaders.InJune1998,theStateCouncilpassedthereportoutlineoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesontheimplementationoftheknowledgeinnovationprojectpilotwork,anddecidedthattheChineseAcademyofSciencesshouldfirstlaunchthe"KnowledgeInnovationProject"asanationalinnovationsystempilot.(Source:1)EditedbyChenLietal.ReportonChina'sNationalStrategicIssues.ChinaSocialSciencesPress,2002.2)ZhangFeng,HeChuanqi.NationalInnovationSystem—TheEngineoftheSecondModernization.HigherEducationPress,1999.)
GovernmentFunctions
Comprehensivenationalpowercompetitionisactuallythecompetitionofscientificandtechnologicalstrength,andthecompetitionofscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapabilitiesofvariouscountries.Duetothehugeroleofscienceandtechnologyintheeconomicdevelopmentofthemodernworld,thefocusofeconomiccompetitioninvariouscountrieshasgonefromproductcompetitiontocompetitioninproductionfactors,tocompetitioninscienceandtechnology,especiallycompetitioninnationalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapabilities.Thenationalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystemistheproductofmoderneconomicdevelopment.Thehistoricaltraditionandsocialcultureofacountryhaveanextremelyimportantinfluenceontheformationanddevelopmentofthenationalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystem.Asthenatureandformofinternationalcompetitionhaveundergonetremendouschanges,sincethe1980s,Westerngovernmentshavebeenfullyinvolvedintheproduction,diffusion,andapplicationofscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Fromtheperspectiveofscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,competitionincomprehensivenationalpowerhascausedchangesinthegovernment’sfunctionsintwoaspects:Ontheonehand,sincethemainbodyofcompetitionincomprehensivenationalpoweristhecountry,itsessenceisTheoverallnationalstrengthofthecontest,thelevelofcompetitionhasrisenfromthelevelofscientificresearchinstitutionsandenterprisestothenationallevel,whichisamorecomprehensiveandfiercecompetition.Inthiscase,althoughthemainbodyofscientificandtechnologicalinnovationisstillscientificresearchinstitutionsandenterprises,scientificandtechnologicalinnovationisnolongerjustamatterofscientificresearchinstitutionsandenterprisesthemselves,butacommoncauseofgovernment,scientificresearchinstitutionsandenterprises.Thegovernmentshouldplanandguidetheproduction,diffusionandapplicationofscientificandtechnologicalknowledgeasawhole,anddirectlyparticipateinthewholeprocessofscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Ontheotherhand,atthelevelofinternationaleconomicrelations,sincescienceandtechnologyhavebecomethemostimportantstrategicresource,governmentsofvariouscountrieshavesoughtacertainbalancebetweentechnologicalnationalismandtechnologicalglobalism.,Itisnecessarytocontroltheoutputofscienceandtechnologysoasnottoproducethedarteffect,andatthesametimetoencouragetheinputofscienceandtechnologytothegreatestextent,soasnottoisolateitselffromthetrendofworldscienceandtechnologydevelopment.Inthiscase,issuessuchastheinternationalexchangeofscienceandtechnology,whicharetraditionallydeterminedbythescientificandtechnologicalcirclesandenterprisesthemselves,arestrictlycontrolledbythegovernmentinthenameofnationalinterest.Intoday'sworld,therelationshipbetweenpoliticsandscienceandtechnologyisbecomingincreasinglyclose.Thespeedofacountry'stechnologicaldevelopmentisfirstdeterminedbythedegreeofpolicyguaranteeandtheinfluenceofthecountry'sspiritualoutlookongroupinnovationconsciousness.Contemporaryscienceandtechnologyhaschangedfromadirectfactorintheproductivitysystemtoadominantfactor,andtherestrictionandinteractionbetweenresources,theecologicalenvironmentandscienceandtechnologyaremainlymanifestedinthefactthatscienceandtechnologycannotonlypromotetheeffectivemanagementoftheecosystem,butalsogreatlychangetheresources.Usemethodsandimprovetheefficiencyofresourceutilization,therebypromotingandpromotingthehealthydevelopmentoftheeconomy,andensuringtheimprovementoftheoverallnationalstrengthofsustainabledevelopment.
Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,technologicalinnovationhasbecomealeadingfactorinthesuccessorfailureofinternationalcompetition.ThecompetitivenessofscienceandtechnologywilldeterminethedestinyandfutureofacountryorregioninthefutureworldThekeytonationalcohesion.Buildinganationalinnovationsystemandpromotingscientificandtechnologicalinnovationhavebecomeimportantissuesofconcerntoallcountriesintheworld.Asearlyas1990,"U.S.NewsandWorldReport"pointedoutinanarticle:"Thecompetitioninthe1990swillbeconcentratedonthefollowingbattlefields:fundsforresearchandinvestment,technology,manpowerandinfrastructure,andforeignmarkets.Competitiveness";"Thevitalcompetitionwillbethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,thecreationofhighvalue-addedproductsandhigh-payingjobs."USPresidentClintonannouncedatechnicalsupportplanin1993.Theplanstatedthat"investingintechnologyisinvestinginthefutureoftheUnitedStates."InJuly1996,theJapanesegovernmentpassedaplan,decidingtoinvestUS$155billioninresearchanddevelopmentfundsforscienceandtechnologyinthenextfiveyearstofundthe"fightforterritory."Obviously,competitioninthefieldofscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmenthasevolvedintoafocusofinternationalcompetition,andtheconstructionofanationalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystemhasbecomeinevitablepreciselybecauseofthis.AccordingtotheinternationaldevelopmenttrendofcomprehensivenationalpowercompetitionandChina'sowndevelopmentneeds,ChinaputforwardaplantoestablishChina'sscienceandtechnologyinnovationsysteminatimelymanner,andquicklyadoptedaseriesofactiveandeffectiveimplementationstepsandsafeguardmeasures,whichachievedgreatpracticalvalue.TheeffectivenessofthispromotionhaspromotedandpromotedthehealthydevelopmentofChina’seconomy,andhasensuredthecontinuousimprovementofChina’scomprehensivenationalstrengthforsustainabledevelopment.ThecoreofbuildingChina'snationalinnovationsystemistoconstructasystemthatisconducivetoimprovingmycountry'sscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapabilitiesandpromotingthecloseintegrationofscienceandtechnologywiththeeconomy.WemustnotonlyfocusonthedevelopmentofChina’sscienceandtechnologyatthisstage,butalsoconsiderthemid-andlong-termdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology;wemustbaseourselvesonexistingdomesticfoundationsandconditions,andwemustalsoconsiderconstructingassoonaspossibletherequirementsfortechnologicalinnovationandinternationalcompetition,especiallyChina’saccessiontotheWTO.Theinternationalcompetitioninpost-scientificandtechnologicalinnovationwillbecomemoreintense;wemustnotonlycarryoutreformsandinnovationsinsystems,systems,andmechanisms,butalsofocusoncreatinganenvironmentandconditionsconducivetothegenerationofscientificandtechnologicalinnovationideas,andfocusontheconstructionanddevelopmentofinnovativeculture.Chinaisnowintheeconomy.Duringthetransitionperiod,thesocialistmarketeconomicsystemwasinitiallyestablished,butitisstillnotperfect.Onlybyadvancingasawholecanmycountrybuildontheexistingsystemandfoundationaninnovationsystemwithcompletefunctionsthatmeetstheneedsofnationaleconomicdevelopmentandinternationalcompetition.Intheprocessofoveralladvancement,wemustalsopayattentiontohighlightthekeypointsandgraspthekey.Moreimportantly,intheprocessofbuildinganddevelopingthenationalinnovationsystem,wemuststandatthestrategicheightofdevelopmentinthe21stcentury,startingfromthepromotionofthecountry’scomprehensivenationalstrengthforsustainabledevelopment,inaccordancewiththecontinuouschangesintheinternationalsituation,andcombiningwithmycountry’snationalconditionsandnationalconditions.Characteristics,constantlyadjusttheinnovationsystemconstructionstrategy,andincorporatetheinnovationstrategyresearchintotheinnovationsystemasoneoftheconstituentelementsofthenationalinnovationsystem.Althoughwehaveachievedgoodresultsintheconstructionofthescientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystem,andhaveestablishedanationalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystemwithagoodfoundation,weshouldbeawarethatwestillhaveacertaingapcomparedwiththedevelopedcountriesintheworld..Therefore,underthemacro-frameworkofthesustainabledevelopmentstrategy,Chinashouldfurtherorganize,manageandregulatethenationalscienceandtechnologyinnovationsystematthenationallevelonthebasisoftherelativelygoodnationalscienceandtechnologyinnovationsystemthathasbeenestablished.Strengthentheconstructionofthenationalscienceandtechnologyinnovationsystemintermsoffunds,systems,mechanisms,policies,etc.,promotetheconstructionandrapiddevelopmentofChina'snationalscienceandtechnologyinnovationsystem,promotethecontinuousenhancementandrapidimprovementofChina'scomprehensivenationalstrengthforsustainabledevelopment,andprotectChinaininternationalcompetitionIthasasolidfoundationandastrongpositiontomakegreatercontributionstoworldpeace,developmentandprogress.
Developmentplan
Developmentideas:Tobuildatechnologicalinnovationsystemwithenterprisesasthemainbody,market-oriented,andintegrationofproduction,educationandresearchasabreakthroughpoint,adhereto"clearpositioning,Optimizethestructure,improvethemechanism,andenhancethecapacity”principle,furtherdeepenthereformofthescientificandtechnologicalsystem,andcomprehensivelypromotetheconstructionofthenationalinnovationsystem.Focusontheimplementationofthe"TechnicalInnovationGuidanceProject",andadoptseveralmajormeasurestoencourageenterprisestobecomethemainstayofinnovation.Effectivelystrengthentheregionalandlocalscientificandtechnologicalwork,effectivelyintegratethecentralandlocalscientificandtechnologicalresources,formacentralandlocalscientificandtechnologicallinkage,andcoordinatethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinvariousregions.
Phasegoals:Cultivateanumberofinnovativeenterpriseswithindependentintellectualpropertyrights,independentbrandsandcontinuousinnovationcapabilities;establishanumberofengineeringcentersandNationalEngineeringLaboratory;supporttheformationofagroupofindustry-university-researchstrategicalliances.Closelyintegratethenationalregionaldevelopmentstrategy,buildaregionalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystemwithvariouscharacteristicsandcomplementaryadvantages,anddrivetheformationofanumberofindustrialclusterswithregionaladvantagesandlocalcharacteristics.Furtherexpandtheestablishmentandimprovementofthesystemofmodernscientificresearchinstitutes.Thebasicframeworkofthenationalinnovationsystemthatadaptstothemarketeconomysystemandthelawsoftechnologicaldevelopmentandeffectivelyinteractshasbeeninitiallyformed.
(1)Buildingatechnologicalinnovationsystemwithenterprisesasthemainbody
Activelyplaytheguidingroleofeconomicandtechnologicalpolicies,andencourageandguideenterprisestotrulybecomeresearchThemainbodyofdevelopmentinvestment,themainbodyoftechnologicalinnovationactivitiesandthemainbodyoftheapplicationofinnovationresults.Adjusttheimplementationmechanismofthenationalscienceandtechnologyplan,andincreasethesupportofthenationalscienceandtechnologyplanforenterprisetechnologicalinnovation.Establishaninformationcommunicationmechanismwithenterprises,relevantnationalscienceandtechnologyplansshouldfullyreflecttheneedsofenterprisesandindustrialdevelopment,andprojectreviewshouldinvolvemoreenterprisepeers.Encourageenterprisestoparticipateintheimplementationofnationalscienceandtechnologyplanprojects.Formajorspecialprojectsandmajorprojectswithindustrializationprospectsinscienceandtechnologyplans,giveprioritytosupportingqualifiedenterprisegroupsandenterprisealliancestotakethelead,orjointlyundertakebyenterprises,universitiesandresearchinstitutes,Establishanewprojectimplementationmechanismwithenterprisesasthemainbodyandcombiningproduction,educationandresearch.Implementthe"TechnologicalInnovationGuidanceProject"tosupportenterprisestoestablishandimprovevariousR&Dinstitutions,especiallytoencouragelarge-scaleenterprisesorleadingenterprisesinmajorindustriestoestablishenterprisetechnologycenters,buildenterprisetechnologicalinnovationandindustrializationplatforms,andstrivetoformagroupofintegratedresearchanddevelopment,Designandmanufactureinone,alarge-scalebackboneenterprisewithinternationalcompetitiveness.Carryoutpilotprojectsforinnovativeenterprisesandpromotetheformationofanumberofdistinctiveinnovativeenterpriseclusters.Attracthigh-leveloverseastalentstoreturntoChinatoestablishhigh-techenterprises.Encourageforeign-fundedenterprisestosetupR&Dcentersinmycountryandstrengthencooperativeresearch.Encourageenterprisestocooperatewithscientificresearchinstitutesanduniversities,strengthentheconstructionofengineeringlaboratories,engineeringcenters,enterprisetechnologycenters,andindustrialtechnologyalliances,increasetheintegrationofexistingresearchanddevelopmentbaseswithenterprises,andestablishabasicsupportplatformforindependentinnovationofenterprises.Andfocusontheestablishmentofaneffectivemechanismforenterprisestoopenandshare,andintegratescientificandtechnologicalresourcestoserveenterprisetechnologicalinnovation.Improvethetechnologytransfersystemthatconformstothecharacteristicsofthemarketeconomy,maketechnologytransferanimportantpartofscienceandtechnologyplansandtheallocationofpublicscienceandtechnologyresources,andpromotetheflowofknowledgeandtechnologybetweenenterprisesanduniversitiesandresearchinstitutes.Createaninstitutionalenvironmentforfaircompetitionamongalltypesofenterprises,breakindustryandmarketmonopolies,andattachimportancetoandgiveplaytotheroleofprivatetechnologycompaniesinindependentinnovationandthedevelopmentofhigh-techindustries.Relevantnationalplansshouldincreasesupportfortechnology-basedsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,establishaninvestmentandfinancingmechanismthatmeetstheinnovationneedsofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,establishandimproveplatformsforinformation,technologytransactions,andindustrializationservicesthatsupportthetechnologicalinnovationofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,andcreatesupportforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Agoodenvironmentforenterprisetechnologicalinnovation.Deepenthereformofthetransformationoftechnologicalresearchinstitutionsintoenterprises,encourageandsupportthemtoplayakeyroleintheresearch,development,applicationandpromotionofcommonkeytechnologiesintheindustry,andpromotetheconstructionanddevelopmentofnationalengineeringtechnologyinnovationbases.
(2)Buildaknowledgeinnovationsystemthatintegratesscientificresearchandhighereducation
Deepenthereformofthescientificresearchsystemandclarifytheresponsibilitiesofdifferenttypesofscientificresearchinstitutions.Focusontheestablishmentofanopen,mobile,competitive,andcooperativeoperatingmechanism,exploretheimplementationoftheboardofdirectorssystem,improvethedirectorresponsibilitysystem,expandthemanagementautonomyofscientificresearchinstitutes,improvescientificresearchmanagementsystemstandards,andestablishamodernscientificresearchinstitutesystem.Promotetheclassificationreformofpublicwelfarescientificresearchinstitutions,raisethestandardofpercapitabusinessexpensesafterthereformandacceptance,improvemanagementandoperationmechanisms,andformagroupofhigh-levelpublicwelfarescientificresearchbasesthatstablyservethenationalgoals.Theimplementationofthethird-phaseprojectoftheChineseAcademyofSciences'KnowledgeInnovationProjecthasformedagroupofworld-classresearchinstitutesinseveralimportantfieldsofbasicresearchandstrategichigh-tech.Deepenthereformofthescientificresearchmanagementsysteminuniversities,strengthenthecombinationoftechnologicalinnovationandtalenttraining,andbuildagroupofhigh-levelresearchuniversities.Guidedbynationalgoalsandindustrialneeds,furtherpromotecooperationinscientificandtechnologicalinnovationandtalenttrainingamongscientificresearchinstitutes,collegesanduniversities,andenterprises,promoteresourcesharing,andimproveoriginalinnovationcapabilitiesandtheabilitytotransformscientificandtechnologicalachievements.Accordingtomajornationalneeds,fillgapsintheresearchfieldandbuildanumberofhigh-levelnationalresearchbases.Exploretheestablishmentofrelativelystablesupportmethodsforbasicresearch,cutting-edgehigh-techresearch,andsocialwelfareresearch.Studytheestablishmentofanevaluationindexsystemandaregularevaluationmechanismfortheinnovationperformanceofscientificresearchinstitutionsbasedonfinancialsupport,andusetheevaluationresultsasanimportantbasisforadjustingtheintensityoffinancialassistance.
(3)Buildanationaldefensetechnologyinnovationsystemthatintegratesmilitaryandcivilianresourcesandintegratesmilitaryandcivilianresources
Deepenthereformofnationaldefensescientificresearchsystemtopromotetheoveralldeploymentofmilitaryandcivilianscientificandtechnologicalresources,Focusoneffectivesharing,andbuildanationaldefensescienceandtechnologyinnovationsystemthatcombinesmilitarywithciviliansandcombinesmilitarywithcivilians.Strengthenthecoordinationofmilitaryandcivilianscienceandtechnologydevelopmentstrategiesandscienceandtechnologypolicies,taketheorganizationandimplementationofmajorprojectsasabreakthrough,coordinatemilitaryandcivilianscienceandtechnologyplans,increasetheparticipationofcivilianenterprisesandscientificresearchinstitutionsinnationaldefensescienceandtechnologyplans,andpromotemilitaryandcivilianscienceandtechnologyfrombasicresearchandappliedresearchTheorganicconnectionofdevelopment,productdesignandmanufacturingtotechnologyandproductprocurement.Strengthentheresearchanddevelopmentofdual-usetechnologies,promotethetwo-waytransferofmilitaryandciviliantechnologies,andtheindustrializationofdual-usetechnologies.Strengthentheeffectiveintegrationofmilitaryandcivilianscientificandtechnologicalresources,andestablishamechanismforeffectiveallocationandreasonablesharingofmilitaryandcivilianscientificandtechnologicalinfrastructureandconditionplatforms.Speedupthesystemreformofnationaldefenseresearchinstitutes,promotethetransformationofqualifiednationaldefenseresearchinstitutionsintoenterprises,exploremanagementmodelsthatpromotetheintegrationofmilitaryandcivilianscientificresearch,andpromotetheorderlyflowandoptimizedcombinationofmilitaryandcivilianinnovativetalents.
(4)Establisharegionalinnovationsystemwithitsowncharacteristicsandadvantages
Accordingtotheprinciplesofcomprehensivecoordination,classifiedguidance,focusingoncharacteristicsandexertingadvantages,Promotetheorganicintegrationofcentralandlocalscientificandtechnologicalforces,promotecloseregionalcooperationandinteraction,promotetherationalallocationandefficientuseofscientificandtechnologicalresourcesintheregion,focusingonregionalandlocaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentneeds,andbuildregionalinnovationswiththeirowncharacteristicsandadvantagesSystemtocomprehensivelyimproveregionalscientificandtechnologicalcapabilities.Strengthenregionalscienceandtechnologyplanning,giveplaytotheguidingroleofthecentralfinanceinallocatingresources,coordinateregionalscienceandtechnologyresources,andformareasonableregionalscienceandtechnologydevelopmentlayout.Theeasternregionstrengthenshigh-techR&Dandbaseconstruction,vigorouslypromotestheimprovementandleapingofChina’sindependentinnovationcapabilityandindustrialtechnology,andformsanindustrywithinternationalcompetitiveadvantages;thecentralregiongivesfullplaytoitscomprehensiveregionaladvantages,focusingonimprovingagriculture,energyandotherpillarindustriesandThetechnologicallevelofemergingindustries;thewesternregioncomprehensivelyappliesavarietyofscientificandtechnologicalmeanstoprotectandmanagetheecologicalenvironment,rationallydevelopsuperiorresources,developregionalcharacteristicindustries,andformregionalinnovationandneweconomicgrowthpoles;thenortheastregionstrengthenshigh-techtransformationoftraditionalindustries,ActivelyexploreemergingindustriesandrevitalizetheoldindustrialbaseinNortheastChina.Throughtheguidanceofmajorprojects,promotecross-regionalinnovationcooperationandinnovationallianceconstruction.Givefullplaytotheleadingroleofuniversities,scientificresearchinstitutionsandnationalhigh-techindustrialdevelopmentzonesinregionalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationandtheradiatingroleofregionalknowledgediffusion;activelypromotetheworkofscientificandtechnologicalinnovationpilotcities,andstrengthenthedriveofregionalcentralcitiestoregionalinnovationactivitiesTheroleandcohesionofregionalscientificandtechnologicalresources.Itisnecessarytostrengthentheguidanceoflocalscienceandtechnologyworkandstrengthentheresponsibilitiesoflocalscienceandtechnologymanagementdepartments.Integratethescientificandtechnologicalresourcesofthecentralandlocalgovernments,formamechanismforthelinkagebetweenthecentralandlocalgovernments,andsupportqualifiedlocalorganizationstoorganizeandimplementmajornationalscientificandtechnologicalprojects.Localscienceandtechnologyworkshouldfocusonimprovingindependentinnovationcapabilities,strengtheningthetransformationandindustrializationofscientificandtechnologicalachievements,speedingupthepromotionandapplicationofadvancedandapplicabletechnologies,andpromotingthedevelopmentoflocaladvantagesandcharacteristicindustriesandsocialprogress.In-depthimplementationofthescienceandtechnologyactionplantoenrichthepeopleandstrengthenthecounty,strengthensupportfortheconstructionofscienceandtechnologyinfrastructuresuchasthecounty(city)scienceandtechnologyinformationplatform,strengthenthecounty(city)scienceandtechnologyserviceandsupportcapacity,improvethecounty(city)scienceandtechnologyorganization,andpromotethegrassrootsscienceandtechnologyteamConstruction.
(5)Buildasocializedandnetworkedtechnologyintermediaryservicesystem
Accordingtothecombinationofgovernmentpromotionandmarketregulation,developmentandregulation,Comprehensivelypromotetheprincipleofcombiningclassifiedguidance,specializeddivisionoflaborandnetworkedcollaboration,focusingonpromotingthetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalachievementsandstrengtheninginnovativeservices,andbuildingasocializedandnetworkedscienceandtechnologyintermediaryservicesystem.Formulateandpromulgatetaxpoliciesthatsupportthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyintermediaryagencies,andestablishanoperatingmechanismandpolicyandregulatoryenvironmentthatareconducivetothedevelopmentofvariousscienceandtechnologyintermediaryagencies.Encourageinvestmententitiesofmultipleownershipstoparticipateinscienceandtechnologyintermediaryserviceactivities,andgivefullplaytotheimportantroleofcollegesanduniversities,scientificresearchinstitutionsandvariousassociationsinscienceandtechnologyintermediaryservices.Relyingonintermediaryagenciestoimprovemanagementandservicesisanimportantpartofthetransformationofgovernmentfunctions,andactivelyentrustqualifiedscienceandtechnologyintermediaryagenciestoorganizeandimplementtheworkthatcanbeundertakenbyscienceandtechnologyintermediaryservices.Throughmissionentrustmentandothermethods,cultivatebackbonescienceandtechnologyintermediaryinstitutionstoplayademonstrativeandleadingrole.Vigorouslycarryouttrainingtoimprovetheprofessionallevelandqualityofemployeesofscienceandtechnologyintermediaryagencies.Strengthentheconstructionofindustryassociationsandgivefullplaytotheserviceandcoordinationfunctionsofindustryassociationsinpromotingtechnologicalinnovation.Strengthenthepromotionandapplicationofadvancedapplicabletechnologies,acceleratethereformandinnovationoftheagriculturaltechnologyextensionsystem,andencouragevariousagriculturalscienceandeducationinstitutionsandsocialforcestoparticipateindiversifiedagriculturaltechnologyextensionservices.
ConstructionOpinions
OnSeptember23,2012,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilissuedthe"OpinionsonDeepeningtheReformoftheScienceandTechnologySystemandAcceleratingtheConstructionoftheNationalInnovationSystem."Thefulltextisasfollows:Inordertoacceleratetheconstructionofaninnovativecountry,fullyimplementthe"NationalMediumandLong-termScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentPlanOutline(2006-2020)"(hereinafterreferredtoastheScienceandTechnologyPlanOutline),andgivefullplaytothesupportingandleadingroleofscienceandtechnologyineconomicandsocialdevelopment.Weherebyputforwardthefollowingopinionsondeepeningthereformofthescientificandtechnologicalsystemandacceleratingtheconstructionofthenationalinnovationsystem.