Basiccontent
ThetypicalinterfacetypeofbillingsystemhardwareisRJ-45Ethernetinterface.ItfollowstheIEEE802.3standard,thetransmissionrateisusually10M/100/1000Mbps,anditcanworkinfull-duplexandhalf-duplexmodes.TheWANport(wideareanetworkport)asshowninthefigurebelowandtheportsidentifiedby1,2,3,and4areRJ-45ports.ThenetworkinterfacetypeoftheVoIPistheinterfacetypeusedwhentheVoIPisconnectedtotheinternalLAN.Differentnetworkshavedifferentinterfacetypes.ThecommonVoIPinterfacesmainlyincludeRJ-45,RJ-11andUSB.
ThegeneralInternetphonewillprovidetwoRJ-11interfaces.OneRJ-11interfaceisusedtoconnectthetelephonelineconnectedtotheHomePNAswitch,andtheotherRJ-11interfaceisconnectedtothetelephone.TheRJ-11plugisthemostcommonwiringmethod.Thiskindofordinarynon-twistingwireispluggedintoyourphoneathomeorintheoffice.TheRJ-11plughassixpairsofcopperwireconnectorsattheend,indicatedbydifferentcolors,usuallyonlyfourpairsofcopperwireswillbeused.Thefourpairsofcopperwiresusedareusuallyindicatedbyblack,white,redandgreen.Twopairsofblackandwhitecopperwiresareusedforlow-voltagesignalssuchastelephoneandphotoelectricsignalstopassundernormalconditions.Theredandgreencopperwiresaremainlyusedforvoiceordatatransmission.InadditiontofindingRJ-11plugsonordinaryhomephones,youcanalsofindRJ-11onthemodemofyourcomputer.ThepictureaboveshowstheRJ-11.
TheRJ-45plugissimilarinshapeandappearancetotheRJ-11,butwiderbecauseitcontainseightendcopperwireconnectorstoimprovedatatransmissionSpeed,soitisourmostcommonport,theRJ-45portismainlyusedtoconnecttothecomputer'sEthernetcardinVoIP.Ethernetalsomainlyusestwistedpairasthetransmissionmedium,soaccordingtothedifferentcommunicationratesoftheports,RJ-45portscanbedividedinto10Base-TnetworkRJ-45portsand100Base-TXnetworkRJ-45ports.TheRJ-45portofthe10Base-Tnetworkisusuallymarkedas"ETH"intherouter,andtheRJ-45portofthe100Base-TXnetworkisusuallymarkedas"10/100bTX",whichismainlyafastEthernetrouterproductMostofthemstilladopt10/100Mbpsbandwidthadaptive.ThefigurebelowshowstheRJ-45.USB(UniversalSerialBus)interfaceinanetworkphone,whichissimilartotheRJ-11orRJ-45interface.Ontheonehand,itisusedtoobtainelectricityandontheotherhandtotransmitdata.
UnderthegeneralUSBspecification,eachport(PORT)canbeconnectedto127devicesatthesametime,andsupportsplug-and-play(PLUG-AND-PLAY)andcanbehot-pluggedwithoutturningoffthepower(HOT-PLUGGING).USBisatransmissiontechnicalspecification,2.0hasappeared,whichsupportsatransmissionrateof480Mbps,whichis480timesthatofUSB1.1.Inadditiontothefasterspeed,theformerisfullycompatiblewithUSB1.1,sotheperipherals,transmissionlinesandconnectorspecificationsthatusedtheUSBinterfaceinthepastcanallbeused.
Interfacetype
Ethernetswitchisaveryimportantdeviceinthenetwork.ManypeoplemaynotunderstandthedatainterfacetypeofEthernetswitch.Itdoesnotmatter.Afterreadingthisarticle,youaresureTherearemanygains,andIhopethisarticlecanteachyoumore.Asthemainconnectiondeviceofthelocalareanetwork,theEthernetswitchhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularnetworkdevices.Atthesametime,withthisrapiddevelopment,thefunctionoftheswitchhasbeencontinuouslyenhanced.
RJ-45interface
RJ-45interfaceisourmostcommonnetworkdeviceinterface,commonlyknownas"crystalhead",theprofessionaltermisRJ-45connector,whichbelongstotwistedpairWireEthernetinterfacetype.TheRJ-45plugcanonlybeinsertedinafixeddirection,andaplasticshrapnelisprovidedtoblocktheRJ-45sockettopreventitfromfallingoff.Thisinterfacecanbeusedin10Base-TEthernet,100Base-TXEthernet,and1000Base-TXEthernet.Thetransmissionmediumistwistedpair.However,dependingonthebandwidth,therearedifferentrequirementsforthemedium,especially1000Base-ForTXGigabitEthernetconnection,atleastCat5ecableshouldbeused,andCat6cableshouldbeusedtoensurestablehighspeed.
RJ-11interface
TheRJ-11interfaceisverysimilartotheRJ-45interface,butonlyhas4pins(8forRJ-45).Incomputersystems,RJ-11ismainlyusedtoconnectmodemmodems.
Indailyapplications,RJ-11iscommonlyfoundintelephonelines.
SCopticalfiberinterface
SCopticalfiberinterfacehasbeenusedinthe100Base-TXEthernetera,soitwascalled100Base-FX(Fistheabbreviationoffiber),However,atthattime,becausetheperformancewasnotmoreprominentthanthetwistedpaircablebutthecostwashigher,itwasnotpopularized.TheindustryvigorouslypromotedtheGigabitnetwork,andtheSCopticalfiberinterfacewasre-emphasized.
Therearemanytypesofopticalfiberinterfaces.SCopticalfiberinterfacesaremainlyusedinlocalnetworkswitchingenvironments.Thistypeofinterfaceisprovidedonsomehigh-performanceEthernetswitchesandrouters.ItlooksverysimilartotheRJ-45interface.However,theSCinterfaceisflatter,andtheobviousdifferenceisthecontactsinside.Ifitis8thincoppercontacts,itisanRJ-45interface,andifitisacopperpillar,itisanSCfiberinterface.
FDDIinterface
FDDIisthehighesttransmissionrateamongthecurrentmatureLANtechnologies.Ithasthecharacteristicsofatimingtokenprotocol,supportsmultipletopologies,andthetransmissionmediumisopticalfiber.FiberDistributedDataInterface(FDDI)isasetofprotocolsdevelopedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)tosenddigitalsignalsonopticalcables.FDDIusesdual-ringtokens,andthetransmissionratecanreach100Mbps.CCDIisavariantofFDDI.Itusestwisted-paircoppercableasthetransmissionmedium,andthedatatransmissionrateisusually100Mbps.FDDI-2isanextendedprotocolofFDDIthatsupportsvoice,videoanddatatransmission.ItisanothervariantofFDDI,calledFDDIfullduplextechnology(FFDT).ItusesthesamenetworkstructureasFDDI,butthetransmissionratecanreach200Mbps.
Becausetheuseofopticalfiberasatransmissionmediumhasmanyadvantagessuchaslargecapacity,longtransmissiondistance,andstronganti-interferenceability,itisoftenusedinmetropolitanareanetworks,campusenvironments,backbonenetworks,andmulti-buildingnetworkdistributionenvironments.Therefore,FDDIinterfacesaremorecommononnetworkbackboneswitches.WiththepopularityofGigabit,somehigh-endGigabitswitcheshavebeguntousethistypeofinterface.
AUIinterface
TheAUIinterfaceisspeciallyusedtoconnectthickcoaxialcables.Earlynetworkcardshavesuchinterfacestoconnecttohubsandswitchestoformanetwork,whichisgenerallynotused.TheAUIinterfaceisa"D"15-pininterface.Itwaspreviouslyusedinatokenringnetworkorabusnetwork.Itcanbeconnectedtoa10Base-TEthernetnetworkwiththehelpofanexternaltransceiver(AUI-to-RJ-45)Connection.
BNCinterface
BNCisaninterfacespeciallyusedtoconnectwiththincoaxialcables.Thincoaxialcablesarewhatweoftencall"thincables",andtheirmostcommonapplicationsItisaseparatedisplaysignalinterface,thatis,theinterfacethatusesred,green,blue,andhorizontalandverticalscanningfrequenciestobeinputtothedisplayseparately,andtheinterferencebetweenthesignalsissmaller.BNCisbasicallynolongerusedinswitches,onlysomeearlyRJ-45EthernetswitchesandhubsalsoprovideafewBNCinterfaces.
Consoleinterface
TheEthernetswitchthatcanbeusedfornetworkmanagementgenerallyhasa"Console"port,whichisusedtoconfigureandmanagetheswitch.ConnectingandconfiguringtheswitchthroughtheConsoleportisastepthatmustbepassedthroughtoconfigureandmanagetheswitch.BecauseothermethodsofconfigurationoftenrequirethehelpofIPaddresses,domainnames,ordevicenames,itisobviouslyimpossibleforanewlypurchasedswitchtohavetheseparametersbuiltin,sotheConsoleportisthemostcommonlyusedandmostbasicswitchmanagementandconfigurationport.
Thelocationoftheconsoleportofdifferenttypesofswitchesisdifferent,somearelocatedonthefrontpanel,andsomearelocatedontherearpanel.Usuallymodularswitchesaremostlylocatedonthefrontpanel,whilefixedconfigurationswitchesaremostlylocatedontherearpanel.Therewillbealogosimilarto"CONSOLE"onthetoporsideoftheport.Inadditiontothedifferentlocations,thetypesofConsoleportsarealsodifferent.MostswitchesuseRJ-45ports,butafewuseDB-9serialportsorDB-25serialports.RegardlessofwhethertheEthernetswitchadoptsaDB-9orDB-25serialinterface,oranRJ-45interface,itneedstobeconnectedtotheserialportoftheconfigurationcomputerthroughaspecialConsoleline.
CorrespondingtothedifferentconsoleportsofEthernetswitches,therearetwotypesofconsolelines:oneisaserialline,thatis,bothendsareserialinterfaces(bothendsarefemale),BothendscanbepluggedintotheserialportofthecomputerandtheConsoleportoftheswitchrespectively;theotherisaflatcablewithRJ-45connectors(RJ-45toRJ-45)atbothends.SincebothendsoftheflatcableareRJ-45interfaces,theycannotbedirectlyconnectedtothecomputerserialport.Therefore,anRJ-45toDB-9(orRJ-45toDB-25)adaptermustbeusedatthesametime.Normally,suchaconsolelineandthecorrespondingDB-9orDB-25adapterwillbepresentedinthepackagingboxoftheswitch.