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Neuron model



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Neuronshaveavarietyofshapes,buttheycanallbedividedintocellbodiesandprocesses.Thesizeofthecellbodyvariesgreatly,thesmalldiameterisonly5-6μm,thelargeonecanreachmorethan100μm,andtheshape,numberandlengthoftheprotrusionsarealsoverydifferent.Therearetwotypesofneuronalprocesses:dendritesandaxons.Dendritesaremostlytree-likebranches,whichcanreceivestimulationandtransmitimpulsestothecellbody;axonsarefilamentousandoftenhavebranchesattheends,whicharecalledaxonterminals.Axonstransmitimpulsesfromthecellbodytotheterminal.Usuallyaneuronhasoneormoredendrites,butonlyoneaxon.Thelargerthecellbodyofaneuron,thelongeritsaxon.Generallyspeaking,dendritesareshorterthanaxons.Thereareseveralclassificationsofneurons.Neuronscanbedividedintothreetypesaccordingtothenumberofprotrusions:

①Multipolarneurons,withoneaxonandmultipledendrites;

②BipolarNeuronshavetwoprotrusions,oneisdendritesandtheotherisaxons;

③Pseudo-unipolarneurons,whichemitaprotrusionfromthecellbody,whichisnotfarfromthecellbodyandpresentsa"T"-shapedsplitTherearetwobranches,oneorgandistributedtoothertissuesontheperipheryiscalledtheperipheralprocess;theotherbranchentersthecentralnervoussystemandiscalledthecentralprocess.Thesetwobranchesofpseudo-monopolarneurons,accordingtothedirectionofnerveimpulseconduction,thecentralprocessisaxons,andthesurroundingprocessesaredendrites;butthesurroundingprocessesarethinandlong,similarinshapetoaxons,sotheyareoftenreferredtoasaxons.

Neuron model

Accordingtothelengthofaxons,neuronscanbedividedinto:

①Largeneuronswithlongaxons,calledGolgitypeIneurons,thelongestTheaxonsaremorethan1m;

②SmallneuronswithshortaxonsarecalledGolgitypeIIneurons,andtheaxonsareonlyafewmicronsshort.

Accordingtothefunctionoftheneuron,itcanbedividedinto:

①Sensoryneurons,orafferentneurons,aremostlypseudo-monopolarneurons,cellbodiesItismainlylocatedinthecerebrospinalganglia,andtheperipheralprotuberancesaredistributedintheskinandmuscles.Theyreceivestimulationandtransmitthestimulationtothecenter.

②Motorneurons,orefferentneurons,aremostlymultipolarneurons.Thecellbodyismainlylocatedinthebrain,spinalcordandautonomicganglia.Ittransmitsnerveimpulsestothemusclesorglandstoproduceeffects.

③Interneuronsarebetweenthefirsttwotypesofneurons,andmostofthemaremultipolarneurons.Themoreanimalsevolve,themoreinterneurons.Interneuronsinthehumannervoussystemaccountforabout99%ofthetotalnumberofneurons,formingacomplexnetworkinthecentralnervoussystem.

Accordingtotheneurotransmitterreleasedbytheneuron,orneuromodulator,itcanbedividedinto:①cholinergicneuron;②aminergicneuron;③peptidergicneuron;④aminoacidicneuron.

Relatedinformation

Neurons:Neuronsarenervecells,whicharehighlydifferentiatedcells.Theyhavethefunctionsofsensingstimuli,conductingimpulsesandintegratinginformation,andarethemorphologicalstructureandfunctionofthenervoussystemThebasicunitof2,themorphologicalstructureofneurons:neuronsarecomposedoftwoparts:cellbodiesandprocesses.3,classificationofneurons:(1)Classificationbythenumberofneuronprocesses:unipolarneurons,bipolarneurons,Multipolarneurons(2)areclassifiedaccordingtoneuronfunction:sensoryneurons(afferentneurons),motorneurons(efferentneurons),contactneurons(interneurons).(二)nervefiber:nerveFibersarecomposedofaxonsofmotornervesorlongdendritesofsensoryneurons(bothcollectivelyreferredtoasaxons)andglialcellsthatsurroundit.nervefibersaredividedintomyelinatednervefibersandunmyelinatednervefibers.

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