History
19th century, people have developed fluorescent lamps and phosphors during the study of discharge lighting. At that time, the fluorescent lamp was used in zinc silicate, low luminous efficiency and toxic. In 1942, A.H. McGegi invented calcium halide phosphite and used in the fluorescent lamp, causing a revolution in the field of lighting. This kind of powder is high, non-toxic, and the price is cheap. In the early 1970s, Dutch scientists were theoretically calculated that fluorescent powder consisting of 450 nm, 550 nm, and 610 nm, and the color exponential and luminous efficiency increased at the same time. In 1974, the Netherlands of Vordte Thai and others were synthesized by three rare earth phosphors of the transmitted peaks in the above range, making the light emission efficiency of the lamp reached 85 lm / w, the color color index was 85, so that the fluorescent lamp has a new Breakthrough.
The characteristics of the rare earth tricho-like phosphor are characterized by stenosis, and the luminescence energy is more concentrated, and the stability of the short-wave ultraviolet excitation is high, the high temperature characteristics is good, and it is more suitable for high load cell fluorescent lamps and each. Single-ended compact fluorescent lamp.
Type
Lights with phosphors of the lamp mainly 3. The first category is used for common fluorescent lamps and low pressure mercury lamps, and the second class is used for high-pressure mercury lamps and self-swelled fluorescent lamps, and the third class is used for ultraviolet light sources. There are also many kinds of phosphors, and the price is not the same. The phosphor has the characteristics of thermal stability, safe and environmentally friendly, suitable for various white light, which adjusts different red, blue, yellow, etc. Colors.
1. Fluorescent powder and low pressure mercury lamps
ruthenium, manganese activated hydraulic fluorescent powder and rare earth tricho-fluorescent powder.
, manganese activated halide phosphite phosphite is a small amount of activator (SB) in fluorine-like matrix 3CA3 (PO4) 2 · Ca (F, Cl) 2 and Fluorescent powder made after manganese (Mn), usually:
this fluorescence is:
3ca3 (PO
The preparation method of powder can also be different from the raw materials, but the purity requirements of the raw materials are high. When preparing the mixed, the amount of the raw materials must first be calculated from the phosphite structure in the calcium halide phosphate, the number of calcium and manganese, and the phosphorus of phosphoric acid is 4.9: 3; Weighing, mixing, grinding, and sieving, in a certain atmosphere (generally nitrogen), it is sintered at a constant temperature of about 1150 ° C for a few hours; after removing cooling, select it under the ultraviolet lamp, and then abridge the sieve Finished product.
When the activator SB absorbs the excitation energy, a portion of the energy is released in the form of light radiation, and the above-described phenomenon is used to change the content of the Mn, and calcium halide phosphite fluorescent powder of different color temperatures can be obtained.
The ability of the phosphor absorbing radiation is related to the degree of dispersion of the phosphor, so the size of its particle size has a great effect on the brightness of the luminescent brightness. The calcium halide phosphite phosphor particle size is determined in size size of the raw material CaHPO4, and therefore, the crystal CaHPO4 of the lattice and the lattice can be obtained at a certain size (5 to 10 μ), thereby obtaining a high luminous brightness.
In the rare earth tricho-fluorescent powder, the red powder is a cerium oxide (Y2O3: EU), the green powder is a cerium, and the activated aluminate (Mgal11O19: Ce, Tb), blue powder is low. Machine magnesium aluminate (Bamg2Al16O27: EU) activated. The three powder can be mixed in a certain proportion of mixing to obtain different color temperatures (2700 ~ 6500K), and the light emission efficiency of the corresponding lamp can reach 80 to 100 lm / w, and the color color index is 85 to 90. In general, the higher the green powder content, the lower the blue powder content, the higher the tube luminous efficiency. In addition, the blue powder increases, the color temperature is high; the red powder is increased, and the color temperature is lowered.
The matrix of three primary tones is different, but the lighting key is the rare earth activation substance (,, 铽,,,,,,,,,,,,, The jump shines.
The tricho fluorescent lamp using rare earth tricho phosphor itself has many outstanding advantages, however, the price of rare earth raw materials is expensive, causing the three-primary color lamp cost, limiting the development of the tri-base light. Reduce the amount of the pipe diameter or use new coating technology to reduce the amount of tricho powder, and substituted one or two rare earth trihydraminated powder in the inexpensive other color powder, which can also make high light effect, high color fluorescent lamp, but light Dead may be a big bit.
2. Haline phosphate fluorescent powder
The luminescence of calcium halide phosphate phosphite is activated by the activation agent (Sb) and manganese mn. The activator atom occupies the position of the calcium atom in the dot. This material has a sensitization: When the activator Sb absorbs the excitation energy, a portion of the energy is released in the form of light radiation, and the other portion is transferred to the Mn during so-called resonant transmission, the Mn produces the radiation of itself. Therefore, the total radiation depends on the characteristics of the two activators, and as its ratio changes, it depends on the ratio of fluorine and chlorine. If the content of manganese in the calcium halide phosphate activated in Sb is increased, the orange radiation is increased, and the corresponding blue radiation is reduced. With the above phenomenon, as long as the content of the MN is changed, calcium halide phosphite phosphite powder of different color temperatures can be obtained.
3. Fluorescent powder for high pressure mercury lamp
The spectral distribution of high-pressure mercury lamps and low pressure mercury lamps (fluorescent lamps) are significantly different. In order to improve the efficiency of the lamp and improve light color, the high-pressure mercury lamp applied to phosphor in the exterior glass shell, and 365 nm ultraviolet rays in one of the main radiation wavelengths can be converted into visible light. The high-pressure mercury lamp was used to activate ruthenium powder, magnesium fluorocyanoettate or tin, activated with manganese phosphate, and the like. Later, the phosphor YVO4: EU used in color TV, its peak is 619 nm, and the total light flux in the corresponding lamp is highly color. Y (PV) O4: EU phosphor is now developed, which is more suitable for high pressure mercury lamps.
4. Ultraviolet source fluorescent powder
It is a fluorescent powder that is another wavelength of ultraviolet rays at 253.7 nm or other shorter wavelength ultraviolet rays. It has a lot of type. (Basi2O3): PB phosphor is an effective ultraviolet fluorescent powder with a peak of 350 nm for commuting a black light. Positive phosphate [(CA, Zn) 3 (PO4) 2: TL] phosphor is a high-performance powder emission wavelength of 280 to 350 nm, a peak value of 310 nm. The copy lamp must have a line that matches the photoreceptor or photoelectric surface absorption rate used, and therefore, a diazo-coplanzide (Sr2P2O7: EU), electrostatic photocopying lamp gallium magnesium (MgGa2O4: Mn) and silicic acid Ultraviolet phosphor such as zinc (Zn2SiO4: Mn).
Using
1. Make a weak illumination light source
people use the characteristics of the luminous powder to illuminate in the actual life, making a weak illumination source, There are special uses in the military department, and this material is applied to the air instrument, watch, windows, various switch signs on the machine, the handle of the door, can also be pressed into various symbols, components, supplies together with various light-transmitting plastics. (Such as power switch, socket, fishing hook, etc.). These light-emitting parts are illuminated after light irradiation, at night or unexpectedly, and after the lightning, it is still continuing to illuminate, so that people can identify the circumference direction, which is convenient for work and life. Incorporate the luminous material ultrafine particles into the textile, making the color more bright, small children wear textiles with night light, can reduce traffic accidents.
2. Night light material
Night light material at home and abroad is mainly made of zns (zinc sulfide) SRS (sulfide) and CAS (sulfide), green light and yellow Light. However, SRS, CAS materials are easy to solve, bringing difficulties to wide application. Therefore, the market is mainly a luminous material based on ZNS. However, it is only 1 ~ 3 hours, and it is easy to change in strong light (such as sunlight), ultraviolet light and moisture air, so it is limited in many fields. Add a drill, copper-activated ZnS luminous powder, although there is a long time, but it has an infrared quenching phenomenon, and after the electric light (including more red light), Yu Hui is quickly extinguished.
Hazard
With radioactive luminous powder, it is incorporated into the radioactive substance in fluorescent powder, and the radioactive is continuously emitted by radioactive, such a luminous powder light Very long, but because of toxic and harmful and environmental pollution, the application range is small.
Mercury vapor reaches 0.04 to 3 mg, it will make people will cause chronic poisoning in 2 to March; reaching 1.2 to 8.5 mg, will induce acute mercury poisoning, if the amount is 20 mg, will be directly Leading animal death. Once mercury enters the human body, it can quickly disperse, and accumulate to kidney, braistics and organs, chronic mercury poisoning will lead to mental disorders, plant neurons, acute symptoms, often headache, fatigue, fever, oral and digestive gums Sour pain, erosion bleeding, loose teeth, etc., therefore absolutely can't discard the fluorescent pieces everywhere.
Wan one suction of phosphor, then the same as suction dust. Trace, it will be sticky by the breathing apparatus mucosa, and then spit out. A small amount, it may enter the lungs and slowly spit out. Always inhaled, will be "silicone". A small amount of phosphor is adhesive to the skin, as well as dust, wash it with water. Frequent contact with phosphor, or fluorescent powder, the skin will become rough. The phosphor has a certain radiation on the body, it is best not to contact, occasionally in contact with the problem.
LED Advantages
The use of phosphor to make color LEDs have the following advantages:
First, although there is no fluorescent powder, it can prepare red, yellow, Color LEDs such as green, blue, and purple, but since the luminous efficiency of these different color LEDs is large, after the phosphor is used, the LEDs of other bands can be prepared using the advantages of certain band LED luminous efficiency. The luminous efficiency of the wave section. For example, some of the LEDs of the green waves are low, using fluorescent powder prepared a high efficiency, which is known as "apple green" for mobile backlight, and has achieved better economic benefits.
Second, the LED of the LED is also difficult to control, thus causing some wavelengths of LEDs that do not apply, such as when the 470nm LED is required, it is possible to prepare from 455 nm to The 480 nm range is very wide, the LEDs of the luminous wavelength can only be handled or discard at a lower price, while the phosphor can be used to convert these so-called "waste" to the color we need.
third, after the phosphor, some LEDs will become more soft or bright to adapt to different applications. Of course, the broadest application of phosphor is in the field of LEDs, but due to its special advantages, a certain application can also be obtained in color LEDs, but the application of phosphor in color LED has just started, need further In-depth research and development.
Calcination Equipment
Fluorescent powder production equipment Hydrogen protection molybdenum furnace:
Rated temperature: 1500oC;
Rated power: 52kw;
Rated voltage: 380V;
Phase: two phases;
heating area: 4 zone;
heating element: high temperature Molybdenum wire ;;
Furnace size (L × W × H): 7500 × 150 × 120mm (high push plate or higher),
push plate size (L × W × H) : 140 × 140 × 40mm;
Material: just jade mockstones;
外 Size: 120 × 120 × 50;
equipment coverage area (L × W): ~ 9500 × 1400mm (including push-containing machine length);
Promotional form: hydraulic advancement, intermittent infrastructure and continuous;
protective gas: hydrogen nitrogen mix Gas or ammonia decomposition gas;
protective gas consumption: ≤5m3 / h.
Lighting principle of phosphor
Compared to thermal radiation, fluorescence is a process of producing light having a lot of heat. Suitable materials absorb high energy radiation, then emit light, the energy of the emitted sub-energy is lower than that of excitation radiation. When the luminescent material is a solid, the material is often referred to as a phosphor. The high energy radiation of the excitation phosphor may be electrons or high-speed ions, or may be photons from gamma rays to visible light range.