Introduction
Scienceastheresearchobjectofscience,mainlyreferstonaturalscience,andbroadlyspeaking,itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience.Theemergenceofscienceofscienceoriginatedfromthesocialresearchofnaturalscience,andthedevelopmentofscienceofsciencemanifestedinthedevelopmentofresearchontherelationshipbetweennaturalscienceandsociety.Inrecentyears,somepeoplehaveproposedexpandingscienceastheobjectofscientificstudiestoincludeallsciencestophilosophy,andsomehavestartedresearchessuchassocialsciencesandphilosophy,butsofar,mostpeoplethinkthatscienceThesubjectofresearchisbasedonnaturalsciences.
Naturalscienceastheresearchobjectofscienceisabroadnaturalscience.Itincludesbasicscience,technicalscienceandengineeringscience,butalsoinvolvestechnicalandengineeringissuesthatarecloselyrelatedtonaturalscience.
Infact,thestudyofscienceofscienceisnotlimitedtoscienceandtechnologyitself,butincludesthefollowingthreemainaspects:oneisabouttheresearchofscienceandtechnology,andtheotherisaboutthetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalresearchresultstoactualproductivity.Thestudyoftransformation,thethirdisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandtheeconomyandsociety.Theintegrationofthesethreeaspectsisthescientificandtechnologicalundertakingsinsociety.Therefore,tobemoreprecise,sciencecanbeunderstoodasasciencethattakestheentirescientificandtechnologicalundertakingastheobject,studiestheobjectivelawsofmovementofscienceandtechnologyitselfandtherelationshipbetweenscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety,andstudieshowtomakeuseofsuchobjectivelaws.Thescienceofapplyingprinciples,principlesandmethodstopromotethecoordinateddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,economyandsociety.
Subjectcontent
Theresearchobjectandpurposeofscienceofsciencestipulatetwoaspectsofthemaincontentofscienceofscience:ontheonehand,thecontentofknowledgeaboutthecauseofscienceandtechnology,ontheotherhand,Howtousetheapplicationcontentofthisknowledge.Thecontentofknowledgeincludesthenature,characteristics,classification,systemstructure,socialfunction,developmentlaw,futuretrend,etc.ofscienceandtechnology.Theyaregeneralizationsandsummariesofthecognitionofobjectiveobjects,havetheformofsystemtheory,andconstitutethebasictheoryofscience,sothispartofitcanbecalledtheoreticalscience.Theapplicationcontentincludestheprinciples,principlesandmethodsofformulatingscienceandtechnologydevelopmentstrategies,plans,policies,andtheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyundertheguidanceofbasictheories,etc.Theyaretheuseoflawsandtheories,sothisbigPartofitcanbecalledAppliedScience.Usingthetheoreticalfoundationsandapplicationprinciplesprovidedbythesetwoaspects,itispossibletofurthercarryoutresearchondevelopmentaltopicsandguidethesolutionofvariousspecificproblemsinscientificandtechnologicalundertakings.
Sincethecontentoftheoreticalscienceandappliedscienceeachincludemanydifferentaspects,thein-depthandexpandedresearchandresearchresultsofthesedifferentaspectshaveformedmanyrelatedsciencesThesub-disciplineoflearning.Thebranchdisciplinesoftheoreticalsciencenowincludescientificsystems,scientificcompetence,scientificsociology,scientificeconomics,scientificlogic,scientometrics,scientificmethodology,scientificpsychology,scientificethics,scientificaesthetics,andsoon.Thesub-disciplinesofappliedsciencesincludesciencestrategy,scienceplanning,sciencepolicy,sciencesystemscience,sciencemanagementscience,sciencetalentscience,scienceeducationandsoon.However,theboundariesbetweentheoreticalscienceandappliedsciencearerelativeinmanyplaces,especiallybetweenbranchesofdisciplines,whichoftenoverlaporoverlaptovaryingdegrees.
Relatedinformation
Fromtheresearchcontentofscience,wecanunderstandtheimportanceofresearchingscience.Scienceofsciencecanhelppeopleincreasetheirawarenessandattentiontothesocialroleofscienceandtechnology;itcanprovideatheoreticalbasisforthecountrytoformulateroutes,strategies,andpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology;itcanpromotetherationalizationandefficiencyoftheorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnology;itcanhelpScienceandtechnologyresearchersexpandthebreadthofknowledge,advancethedepthofthinking,andimproveinnovationcapabilities,andsoon.Whenitcomestothekeypositionofscienceandtechnologyinmodernization,themeaningofscienceiseasiertounderstand.
Theresearchobject,purposeandcontentofthescienceofsciencejointlydeterminethenatureofthescienceofscience.Althoughtheresearchobjectofscienceofscienceisscienceandtechnology,itdoesnotstudyspecificspecializedscienceandtechnology,butregardsscienceandtechnologyasasocialphenomenonandsocialdepartmentalsystemandstudiesitfromasocialperspective.Therefore,thedisciplinarynatureofscienceisnotnaturalscience,butsocialscienceservingthedevelopmentofnaturalscience.However,asasocialscience,sciencehasitsparticularity;itnotonlyintersectswithnaturalsciences,butalsointersectswithvarioussocialsciences,andevenintersectswithmathematicsandevencertainengineeringtechniques.Therefore,althoughscienceofscienceisbasicallyasocialscience,itisalsoakindofcross-science.Itisacharacteristicofsoftscience,anditsdifferentbrancheshavedifferentemphasesandintersections.
Someworksofsciencehavebeentranslatedandintroducedtomycountrysincethe1940s.Bernard's"TheSocialFunctionofScience",translatedbyZhangZimei,waspublishedbytheCommercialPressunderthetitle"ScienceandSocialism"in1950.Butuntilthe1960s,thedisseminationandresearchofscienceinourcountrywassporadic.In1977,mycountry’sfamousscientistQianXuesenpublishedanarticlecallingforthedevelopmentofscientificresearch.Sincethen,thescienceofsciencehasenteredanewstageofvigorousdevelopmentinmycountry.Thefirst"ScienceSymposium"washeldinBeijinginJuly1979,andthesecond,thirdandfourthtimeswereheldin1981,1983,and1985.In1979,anational"ScienceLiaisonGroup"wasestablished.In1983,the"ChineseScienceandTechnologyPolicyResearchAssociation"wasannounced.ScientistProfessorQianSanqiangwaselectedasthechairmanoftheboard.By1979,thefirst"ScienceandScienceandTechnologyManagementmagazinecameoutinTianjin,andsooninBeijing,italsopublished“ScienceResearch”and“ScienceTranslationSeries”,bothofwhicharetheagencypublicationsoftheNationalAcademyofScience.Nowthereare20scientificjournalsnationwide.Many.Sciencemonographspublishedsuccessivelyabout"ScienceCourse"(1983)editedbyXipu,JiZilin,TianFu,andWangXingcheng,and"ScienceFoundation?Punishment?983"editedbyXiaYulong,LiuJi,FengZhijun,ZhangNianchun,etc.,"Science"(1985)editedbyGuanXipuandTangBuhua,and"IntroductiontoScienceCapability"(1984)byZhaoHongzhou.
Althoughscienceofscienceisanewsubject,However,itsdevelopmentathomeandabroadisveryrapid,soithasitshistoricalbackgroundandpracticalreasons.Fromthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,sciencebegantowalkinfrontoftechnologyandproduction.Sincethe20thcentury,sciencehasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Obviouslyithasbecomethemainsourceofadvancedproductivity,thekeytothecountry’smodernization,thepillarofnationalstrength,andthefocusofinternationalcompetition.Theinfluenceofscienceisincreasingsignificantly,butatthesametimecertainnegativeeffectsofsciencehavebeendiscovered.InthiswayUnderthecircumstances,asBernardsaid,scienceneeds"self-awareness",itneedstostudyitsdevelopmentstrategy,anditneedstoenablesciencetobetterbenefitmankind.Therefore,itisnecessarytocorrectlyunderstandthestructureofscienceitself,understanditsrelationshipwithsocietyandThelawofitsmovement,thecorrectformulationofroutes,strategiesandpoliciesforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andtheeffectiveorganizationandmanagementofscienceandtechnologyhavebecomeprominentissuesfacingeachcountry.ThisisthebasisfortherapiddevelopmentofscienceandThereasonwhyscienceofsciencehasgreatpracticalsignificance.