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Special equipment



Development

Special equipment refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large-scale Eight types of equipment: amusement facilities and special motor vehicles in the field (factory). In order to ensure the safe operation of special equipment, the state has strict regulations on the production, use, inspection and testing of all types of special equipment, and the supervision of the whole process is implemented. According to the "2013-2017 China Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Industry Market Prospects and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report" statistics, as of the end of 2011, the number of comprehensive inspection institutions for special equipment across the country has reached 545, including quality inspection departments. Subordinate inspection institutions, industry inspection institutions and enterprise self-inspection institutions, in addition to type testing institutions, non-destructive testing institutions, gas cylinder inspection institutions, etc.

However, there are still many problems in my country's special equipment inspection and testing institutions. For example: the inspection resources are not effectively allocated, the inspection agency is small in scale, and the ability to resist risks is weak; the infrastructure needs to be improved urgently, the technical equipment is insufficient, the testing instruments are outdated, the high-tech testing equipment and technology are lacking; the personnel structure of the inspection agency is unreasonable and the lack of high-quality management And technical talents; inspection agencies have not really established self-discipline, incentive, and development mechanisms. Therefore, in the future, my country needs to further actively and steadily promote the reform and innovation of inspection institutions, and promote inspection institutions to take the path of joint reorganization and large-scale development by adjusting the approval conditions for special equipment inspection institutions. In addition, with the increasingly mature application of non-destructive testing technology in special equipment testing, more and more third-party non-destructive testing agencies have entered the field of special equipment testing, resulting in increasingly fierce competition.

Definition of Regulations

The special equipment referred to in the "Special Equipment Safety Law" refers to boilers and pressure vessels (including gas cylinders, The same below), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities and special motor vehicles in the field (factory), as well as other special equipment for which this law is applicable to laws and administrative regulations.

The state implements catalog management of special equipment. The special equipment catalog is formulated by the department responsible for the safety supervision and management of special equipment under the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the special equipment safety supervision and administration department of the State Council), and shall be implemented after being approved by the State Council.

Quality Judicial Appraisal

According to the National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau Order No. 4 "Product Quality Arbitration Inspection and Product Quality Appraisal Management Measures", product quality arbitration inspection and quality appraisal are carried out , Inspection and appraisal of quality accident appraisal, product loss appraisal, post-disaster appraisal, etc.

According to the "Product Quality Law of the People's Republic of China", "Product Quality Arbitration Inspection and Product Quality Appraisal Management Measures", "Product Quality Arbitration Inspection and Product Quality Appraisal Management Measures", it has been approved by the Quality Supervision Bureau above the provincial level The special equipment judicial appraisal institutions that have issued special equipment full-field quality appraisal qualification certificates and obtained the registration of the high court at or above the provincial level are Zhejiang Joint Applied Science Research Institute.

Special equipment classification

Pressure special equipment

(1) Boiler refers to the use of various fuels, electricity or Other energy sources are equipment that heats the contained liquid to certain parameters and provides heat energy in the form of external output media. The range is specified as the design normal water level volume is greater than or equal to 30L, and the rated steam pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (table Pressure) pressure-bearing steam boilers; pressure-bearing hot water boilers with outlet water pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) and rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW; organic heat carrier boilers with rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW.

(2) Pressure vessel refers to a closed device that contains gas or liquid and carries a certain pressure. Its scope is specified as gas, liquefied gas and maximum working pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) Liquids with working temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, fixed containers and mobile containers with a volume greater than or equal to 30L and an inner diameter (non-circular section refers to the maximum geometric size of the inner boundary of the section) greater than or equal to 150mm; the nominal working pressure of the container is greater than Or equal to 0.2MPa (gauge pressure), and the product of pressure and volume is greater than or equal to 1.0MPa·L, liquefied gas, and liquid cylinder with standard boiling point equal to or lower than 60℃; oxygen chamber.

(3) Pressure pipeline refers to the tubular equipment used to transport gas or liquid by using a certain pressure. Its range is specified as the maximum working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure), and the medium is gas , Liquefied gas, steam or flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, liquid with a maximum working temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, and a pipe with a nominal diameter greater than or equal to 50mm. Except the pipelines that transport non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive gases and the pipelines of the equipment body whose nominal diameter is less than 150mm and the highest working pressure is less than 1.6MPa (gauge pressure). Among them, the safety supervision and management of oil and natural gas pipelines should also be implemented in accordance with the "Safety Production Law", "Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Protection Law" and other laws and regulations.

Electromechanical special equipment

(1) Elevator refers to a power-driven, using a box running along a rigid guide rail or a step running along a fixed line (Stepping), electromechanical equipment for lifting or transporting people and goods in parallel, including manned (cargo) elevators, escalators, moving walks, etc. Except for elevators installed in non-public places and only used by a single family.

(2) Lifting machinery refers to electromechanical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy objects, and its scope is specified as a lift with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 0.5t; rated lifting capacity Cranes greater than or equal to 3t (or tower cranes with a rated lifting moment greater than or equal to 40t·m, or loading and unloading bridges with a productivity greater than or equal to 300t/h) and a lifting height greater than or equal to 2m; the number of floors is greater than or equal to 2 Level of mechanical parking equipment.

(3) Passenger ropeway refers to electromechanical equipment driven by power that uses flexible rope towing boxes and other vehicles to transport people, including passenger aerial ropeways, passenger cable cars, and passenger towing ropeways. Except for non-public passenger ropeways and passenger ropeways dedicated to internal commuting.

(4) Large-scale amusement facilities refer to facilities that are used for business purposes and carry passenger amusement. The scope of the facilities is that the designed maximum operating linear speed is greater than or equal to 2m/s, or the operating altitude is higher than the ground Or a large-scale manned amusement facility equal to 2m. Except for large-scale amusement facilities used for sports, theatrical performances and non-business activities.

(5) Special motor vehicles in the field (factory) refer to special motor vehicles that are used only in specific areas such as factory areas, tourist attractions, and playgrounds, except for road traffic and agricultural vehicles.

Special equipment includes its materials, attached safety accessories, safety protection devices and facilities related to safety protection devices.

The "Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" has been adopted by the third meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on June 29, 2013, since January 1, 2014 It will come into effect today. In November 2014, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine announced the newly revised "Special Equipment Catalog". On February 22, 2016, the special equipment safety technical specification TSG21-2016 "Stationary Pressure Vessel Safety Technical Supervision Regulations" was formulated, and on January 16, 2017, the special equipment safety technical specification TSG08-2017 "Special Equipment License Rules" was formulated. Further refine the management and strengthen the safety supervision of special equipment.

Operating procedures

Special equipment is divided into pressure-bearing special equipment and electromechanical special equipment. Pressure-bearing special equipment mainly includes boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders), and pressure pipes. , Electromechanical special equipment mainly includes elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities and special motor vehicles in the field (factory).

Special equipment operating procedures:

① Before the equipment is operated, do various pre-operation inspections, including: power supply voltage and status of each switch , Safety protection devices and on-site operating environment, etc. Any abnormality should be dealt with in time, and it is forbidden to operate the equipment forcibly without inspection.

② When the equipment is in operation, strictly record the operation records in accordance with the regulations, check the equipment operation status and perform necessary inspections as required; according to the economic and practical working principle, adjust the equipment in the best working condition and reduce the equipment Energy consumption.

③. When the equipment fails, it should stop running immediately, and at the same time report to the supervisor immediately, and troubleshoot or repair as soon as possible to ensure normal operation. It is strictly forbidden to operate the equipment in a faulty state.

④ When the equipment stops running due to the action of the equipment safety protection device. Corresponding troubleshooting should be carried out according to the fault display. If it is difficult to handle for a while, while reporting to the leadership, professional and technical personnel should be organized to investigate the fault, and based on the results of the investigation, repair the faulty equipment. It is forbidden to forcibly send power to run when the fault is unclear.

⑤. When an emergency occurs in the equipment that may endanger personal safety, the operator should immediately evacuate the operation site after taking necessary control measures to prevent casualties.

Equipment overhaul, transformation, movement, scrapping, renewal and dismantling shall strictly comply with the relevant national regulations, examine and approve level by level within the unit, and go through the corresponding procedures with the special equipment safety supervision department. It is strictly forbidden to overhaul, transform, move, scrap, update and dismantle equipment that has not been approved or does not meet national regulations without authorization. Once discovered, the person responsible shall be responsible for the accident caused by it in addition to serious treatment.

Generally, the special equipment referred to in our daily life is specified in the "Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations" issued by the State Council. The special equipment referred to in the regulations refers to boilers and pressure vessels that are life-safe and dangerous. (Including gas cylinders), pressure pipes, elevators, hoisting machinery, passenger ropeways, large amusement facilities.

In 2010, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine added new motor vehicles in the field (factory), so there are now eight categories instead of seven.

Equipment Catalog

According to the "Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Special Equipment Safety Supervision Regulations", the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine revised the "Special Equipment Catalog", which was approved by the State Council , Is now announced and implemented. At the same time, the "Notice on Publication" (National Quality Inspection Pot [2004] No. 31) and the "Notice on Supplementing the Special Equipment Catalogue" (National Quality Inspection Special [2010] No. 22) were abolished.

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Code

Type

Category

Variety

1000< /p>

Boiler

Boiler refers to the use of various fuels, electricity or other energy sources to heat the contained liquid to a certain level For equipment that provides heat energy in the form of external output medium, its scope is specified as a pressure-bearing steam boiler with a designed normal water level volume greater than or equal to 30L and a rated steam pressure greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure); outlet water pressure Pressure-bearing hot water boilers greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) and rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW; organic heat carrier boilers with rated power greater than or equal to 0.1MW.

1100

Pressure steam boiler

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1200

Pressure Hot water boiler

1300

Organic heat carrier boiler

1310< /p>

Organic heat carrier gas phase furnace

1320

Organic heat carrier liquid furnace

2000

Pressure vessel

Pressure vessel refers to a closed device that contains gas or liquid and carries a certain pressure. The range is specified as gas, liquefied gas and liquid whose maximum working temperature is higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, the volume is greater than or equal to 30L and the inner diameter (non-circular section refers to the inner boundary of the section). Maximum geometric size) is greater than or equal to 150mm fixed container and mobile container; holding the nominal working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.2MPa (gauge pressure), and the product of pressure and volume is greater than or equal to 1.0MPa·L gas, liquefied gas and Cylinders for liquids with a standard boiling point equal to or lower than 60℃; oxygen chambers.

2100

Stationary pressure vessel

< /td>

2110

Ultra high pressure vessel

2130

< p>The third type of pressure vessel

2150

The second type of pressure vessel

2170

First type pressure vessel

2200

Mobile pressure vessel

2210

Railway tank car

2220

2230

Long tube trailer

2240

Tank container

2250

Bundled container

2300

Gas cylinder

2310

2320

welding gas cylinder

23T0

Special gas cylinders (filled gas cylinders, filament winding Cylinder,

Cryogenic insulated gas cylinder)

2400

Oxygen cabin

2410

Medical oxygen chamber

2420

High pressure cabin

8000

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Pressure piping

Pressure piping refers to tubular equipment used to transport gas or liquid with a certain pressure, and its range is specified as the highest The working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa (gauge pressure), the medium is gas, liquefied gas, steam or flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, the highest working temperature is higher than or equal to the standard boiling point, and the nominal diameter is greater than or equal to 50mm pipe. Except the pipelines that transport non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive gases and the pipelines of the equipment body whose nominal diameter is less than 150mm and the highest working pressure is less than 1.6MPa (gauge pressure). Among them, the safety supervision and management of oil and natural gas pipelines should also be implemented in accordance with the "Safety Production Law", "Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Protection Law" and other laws and regulations.

8100

Long-distance pipeline

td>

8110

< p>Oil pipeline

8120

Gas pipeline

8200

Public pipeline

8210

Gas pipeline

8220

< p>Thermal pipeline

8300

Industrial pipeline

8310

Process pipeline

8320

Power pipeline

8330

Refrigeration piping

7000

Pressure piping components

Pressure pipeline pipe

< p>7100

7110

Seamless steel pipe

p>

7120

welded steel pipe

7130

Non-ferrous metal pipe

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7140

Nodular cast iron pipe

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7150

Composite pipe

71F0

Non-metallic material pipe

7200

Pressure pipe fittings

7210

Non-welded pipe fittings (seamless Pipe fittings)

7220

welded pipe fittings (Seam fittings)

7230

Forged fittings

7270

Composite pipe fitting

72F0

Non-metal Fittings

7300

Pressure pipeline valve

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7320

Metal valve

73F0

Non-metal valve

73T0

Special valve

7400

Pressure pipe flange

7410

Steel forged flange

7420

Non-metal flange

7500

Compensator

7510

Metal corrugated expansion joint

p>

7530

rotation compensator

75F0

Non-metallic expansion joint

7700

Pressure pipeline sealing element

7710

Metal sealing element

77F0

non Metal sealing element

7T00

Special components for pressure pipeline

< /td>

7T10

Anticorrosive pipeline components

td>

7TZ0

Component combination device

3000

Elevator

Elevator , Refers to the electromechanical equipment that is driven by power and uses boxes running along rigid guide rails or steps (steps) running along fixed lines to lift or transport people and goods in parallel, including passenger (cargo) elevators, escalators, and moving walks Etc. Except for elevators installed in non-public places and only used by a single family.

3100

Traction and forced drive elevator

3110

Traction drive passenger elevator

3120

Traction-driven freight elevator

3130

Forced driving freight elevator

3200

Hydraulic drive elevator

3210

Hydraulic passenger elevator

3220

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Hydraulic freight elevator

3300

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Escalators and moving walks

< p>3310

Escalator

3320

Automatic sidewalk

3400< /p>

Other types of elevators

3410

Explosion-proof elevator

< p>3420

Fireman elevator

3430

Shuffle elevator

4000

< p>Lifting machinery

Lifting machinery refers to electromechanical equipment used for vertical lifting or vertical lifting and horizontal movement of heavy objects. The range is specified as the rated lifting capacity is greater than or Elevator equal to 0.5t; rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 3t (or tower crane with rated lifting torque greater than or equal to 40t·m, or loading and unloading bridge with productivity greater than or equal to 300t/h), and the lifting height is greater than or equal to 2m Cranes; mechanical parking equipment with floors greater than or equal to 2 floors.

4100

Bridge crane

td>

4110

< p>Universal bridge crane

4130

< p>Explosion-proof bridge crane

4140

< p>Insulated bridge crane

4150

< p>Metallurgical bridge crane

4170

< p>Electric single beam crane

4190

< p>Electric hoist bridge crane

4200

Gate type Crane

4210

Universal Gantry Crane

4220

Explosion-proof gantry crane

4230

Rail-mounted container gantry crane

4240

Tyred container gantry crane

4250

td>

Shore container crane

4260

Shipbuilding gantry crane

4270

Electric hoist gantry crane

4280

Loading and unloading bridge

4290

Bridge erecting machine

4300

Tower Crane

4310

Ordinary tower crane

4320

Power station tower crane

4400

Mobile crane

4410

Tire crane

4420

td>

Crawler crane

4440

Container reach stacker crane

4450

Railway crane

4700

4710

< p>Gantry crane

4760

Fixed crane

4800

Lift

4860

Construction elevator

4870

< p>Simple lift

4900

Cable crane

4A00

Mast crane

4D00

Mechanical parking equipment

9000

Passenger ropeway

Passenger ropeway refers to power-driven, using flexible ropes to pull boxes and other vehicles to transport people Mechanical and electrical equipment, including passenger aerial ropeway, passenger cable car, passenger towing ropeway, etc. Except for non-public passenger ropeways and passenger ropeways dedicated to internal commuting.

9100

Passenger aerial tramway

td>

9110

< p>Reciprocating passenger aerial ropeway

9120

Circular passenger aerial ropeway

9200

Passenger transportation Cable car

9210

Reciprocating passenger cable car

9220

Circular passenger cable car

9300

Passenger drag ropeway

9310

Low passenger towing ropeway

9320 p>

High passenger towing ropeway

6000< /p>

Large amusement facilities

Large amusement facilities refer to facilities used for business purposes and carrying passengers’ amusement. Its scope stipulates In order to design a large-scale manned amusement facility with a maximum operating linear velocity greater than or equal to 2m/s, or an operating altitude greater than or equal to 2m from the ground. Except for large-scale amusement facilities used for sports, theatrical performances and non-business activities.

6100

Viewing Ferris wheel

< /td>

6200

Slide car Class

6300

Overhead tour bus

6400

Tops

6500

Flying tower class

6600

Turning horses

6700

Self-controlled aircraft

6800

Racing car

6900

Small train class

6A00

Bumper cars

6B00

Slide class

6D00

Water amusement facilities

6D10

Canyon Rafting Series

6D20

Water slide series

6D40

Bumper boat series

6E00

Unpowered rides

6E10

Bungee jumping series

6E40

Zipline series

6E50

Flying trapeze series

6E60

Tethered sightseeing balloon series

5000

Special motor vehicles in the field (factory)

Special motor vehicles in the field (factory) refer to special motor vehicles that are used only in specific areas such as factory areas, tourist attractions, and playgrounds, except for road traffic and agricultural vehicles.

5100

motorized industrial vehicles

td>

5110

< p>Forklift

5200

Off-road use tourist sightseeing vehicle

F000

Safe attachment

7310

Safety valve

F220

Bursting disc device

F230

Emergency shut-off valve

F260

Cylinder valve

Operational safety

(1) Preparatory work before maintenance, equipment parking steps and precautions

①Preparation before boiler maintenance First, the boiler should be shut down according to the normal shutdown procedure and cooled slowly. Open each door hole to prevent scalding by steam, hot water or smoke. Then, the steam, water supply, sewage and other pipes on the inspected boiler are separated from the corresponding pipes of other operating boilers with blind plates, and the flue of the inspected boiler is separated from the main flue or other flue of the operating boiler. The location of the partition must be clearly indicated.

②Preparation for pressure vessel maintenance Use blind plates to completely cut off the connecting pipes between the vessel and external equipment, especially cut off the passage with flammable or toxic media equipment. All the media inside the container should be drained. For flammable, toxic or suffocating media, technical treatments such as cleaning, replacement, and disinfection should also be carried out, and sampling and analysis should be carried out. Cut off all power sources related to the container.

③Safety precautions during maintenance (a) Pay attention to ventilation and monitoring. Before entering the equipment, open the manholes on the drum and container and the hand holes on the header to fully ventilate; when entering the equipment for maintenance , Ventilation should be maintained, and someone outside the equipment must be supervised. (b) Pay attention to the safety of electricity. When inspecting and repairing narrow and humid equipment, use low-voltage explosion-proof lamps with a voltage not exceeding 12V or 24V for lighting. Open flame lighting is strictly prohibited. (c) During the inspection of connecting parts without pressure, if it is necessary to remove or tighten the fasteners of the pressure-bearing parts, the pressure must be completely released before proceeding to prevent accidents.

(2) Use of safety protection products and personal safety monitoring

Should be used in accordance with the requirements of each type of protection equipment. When in use, it must be worn carefully and fully during the entire contact time. Workers should make full use of the self-protection provided by personal protective equipment to reduce the hazards caused during the overhaul.

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