Time
Thefirsttime
Thefirstscientificandtechnologicalrevolution(fromthe1860stothemid-19thcentury)isalsoknownastheindustrialrevolution.ThebourgeoisieruledTheestablishmentofBritain’soverseastrade,slavetrade,andcolonialplunderingaccumulatedalargeamountofcapital.Thefurtherimplementationoftheenclosuremovementresultedinthedevelopmentofalargenumberoflabor-employedworkshopsandthedevelopmentofhandicrafts,whichaccumulatedacertaindegreeofproductiontechnology.Inthemiddleofthe18thcentury,Britainbecametheworld’slargestcapitalistcolonialcountry.Theforeignmarkethasexpandeddramatically.
Startingmark:theinventionanduseofthesteamengineinthe1860s.
Startingdepartment:cottontextileindustry.
Completionmark:Around1840,large-scalemachineproductionbecamethemainmethodofindustrialproduction.
Mainachievementsandchangesintheworldpattern(9photos)
Historicalsignificance:Around1840,large-scalemachineproductionbecamethemainmethodofindustrialproduction.ThetremendousproductivitycreatedbytheIndustrialRevolutionhasbroughtaboutearth-shakingchangesinthefaceofsociety.AftertheIndustrialRevolution,capitalismfinallydefeatedfeudalism.TheWesterncapitalistcountriesthattooktheleadincompletingtheindustrialrevolutiongraduallyestablishedtheirdominationovertheworld,andtheworldhasformedasituationwheretheWestisadvancedandtheEastisbackward.Thesecondtime
Thesecondtechnologicalrevolution(1870s)canbesaidtobeinseparablefromthegeneratormadebyGermanSiemens(1866).Afterthat,electriclights(1854),telephones(1876),trams(1881),movieprojectors(1888)andotherelectricalapplianceswerewidelyused.Electricalappliancesbegantograduallyreplacemachinesandbecomenewenergysourcesthatsupplementandreplacesteamengines.Theeraofmechanizationwithsteamenginesasthemainforcehassincepassed,andmankindhasthereforeenteredtheeraofthesecondindustrialrevolution:theeraofelectrification.
Thesecondscientificandtechnologicalrevolution(11photos)
Duringthesecondscientificandtechnologicalrevolution,thecapitalistsystemestablishedtheaccumulationofcapitalandthewantonplunderofcolonizationworldwideAccumulatedalotoffunds.Thethirdtime
Thethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution(1940sand1950s)AfterWorldWarII,capitalismpromotedthewelfaresystemandstatemonopolycapitalism,andthepoliticalsituationwasstabilized.Thebeginningofthe20thcenturywasamajorbreakthroughinscientifictheory.Andtheformationofacertainmaterialandtechnologicalfoundation.
Thethirdrevolutioninscienceandtechnology(6photos)
(Thedirectdrivingforceistheurgentneedforhigh-techintheworldafterWorldWarIIandthepost-war-thisisthesameastheprevioustwoThereisadifference.)Thefourthtime
Thefourthindustrialrevolution(late20thcentury)isbasedonZengBangzhe’spointofview,markedbytheriseofsystemscienceandtheformationofsystembiologyscience,systemscience,computerTheintegrationoftheoriesandtechnologiesofscience,nanoscienceandlifesciencestoformasystemsbiologyscienceandtechnologysystem,includingsystemsbiologyandsyntheticbiology,systemsgeneticsandsystemsbioengineering,systemsmedicineandsystemsbiotechnology,willleadtoItistheindustrialrevolutionoftranslationalmedicineandbio-industry.
Thedevelopmentofnewenergyisregardedasthecoretaskofthefourthtechnologicalrevolution.Fromastrategicpointofview,newenergyitselfisaneconomicdevelopmentdirection.Promotingthedevelopmentofnewenergyeconomycanpromotethetransformationofenergystructureandeveneconomicstructure,andhaveaprofoundimpactonthenationaleconomy.Itisalsothefocusofcompetitionforallcountriesintheworldinthefuture.EnergyindustryThefuturedirectionwillbefromenergyresourcetypetoenergytechnologytype.TheUnitedStatestakesadvantageoftheeconomicdownturnandvigorouslydevelopsnewenergy.Ifitsucceeds,thefutureenergypatternmaybedominatedbytheUnitedStates.
Thefourthtechnologicalrevolution(7photos)
Thefourthtechnologicalrevolutionfocusingonbiotechnologyhasbeenrealizedorwillberealized:b>Plasticswillnotusepetroleumasrawmaterials,butwillbecompletelyreplacedbycorn;constructionmaterialswillbereplacedbyfibercropssuchaskenaf;thedepletionofpetroleumwillnolongerbeterrible,becausestrawcanbecompletelyreplaced;humanlifeexpectancyin2050ispossibleReach120yearsold;500millionmuofbarrenlandandsaline-alkalilandwillbecomeaparadiseforplantgrowth.Thefifthtime
Thepopularizationandapplicationofelectronicsandinformationtechnologyopenedthedoortothefifthtechnologicalrevolution.WiththepopularizationofInternettechnologyandthedevelopmentofmobileInternet,theworldItisinanothermajortechnologycycleinthepasthalfacentury.Inthenearfuture,mobilebroadbandwillcoverallpeople,andnowitisataturningpointfromtheintroductionperiodtotheexpansionperiod."Themobilephonewasthelightbulboftheyear.Inthefuture,wecanimaginethatalmostalldeviceswillbeconnectedtotheInternet,"saidHansVestberg,PresidentandCEOofEricsson.
Lookingbackathistory,mankindhasexperiencedfourmajortechnologicalrevolutions,theageoftheindustrialrevolution,theageofsteamenginesandrailways,theageofelectricpower,steelandheavymachinerymanufacturing,theageofautomobilesandmassproduction,andthefifthtechnologyTherevolutionismarkedbyinformationandcommunicationtechnology.Infact,everytechnologicalchangeinhistoryhasbeendividedintotwostages.Thefirststageistheintroductionperiod,thatis,thefirst20-30years.Thisistheintroductionstageoftechnology.Newtechnologiesdeveloprapidlyandarewidelyusedinmajorfields.Thenitentersthesecondstage,theexpansionperiod.Inthisstage,peoplewilldeploymanyinnovativeapplicationsonthebasisofthistechnology,andthepotentialofthenewtechnologywillbefullyexplored.
Thefifthtechnologicalrevolution-representedbytheInternetofThings(7photos)
Thefifthmajortechnologicalchangeoccurred25yearsago,itisITtechnologyandinformationcommunicationThebeginningoftechnology.Infact,wearenowattheturningpointofthisrevolution,theturningpointfromtheintroductionperiodtotheexpansionperiod.Infact,wehavegonethroughdifferentstagesofinterconnection.Atthebeginning,weconnectedfixedlocationswithfixedtelephones,andthenconnectedpeople.Now,becauseofmobilecommunication,everyonecancommunicatewitheachother.interconnection.Subsequently,ourgoalistoconnecteverythingtogether,whichistheInternetofThingsinChina.Nowweareinthedeploymentphaseofaninnovativeapplication.Thesixthtime
Fromascientificpointofview,thesixthscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionmaybea"newbiologicalrevolution";fromatechnicalpointofview,itmaybea"Creationandregenerationrevolution";fromanindustrialpointofview,itmaybea"bionicandregenerationrevolution";fromacivilizationpointofview,itmaybea"regenerationandimmortalityrevolution."
Intheagriculturalera,themajorproblemfacingmankindisthepressureofsurvival.Thepeoplerelyonfoodasthesky.Itsneedsarebasicneeds.Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyismainlyagronomy,astronomyandpracticaltechnology.Intheindustrialage,humanbeingsarefacedwithever-increasingneedsformateriallife.Theirneedsbelongtobasicandintermediateneeds.Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyismainlyrelatedtomaterialproduction,includingvarioussubjectsofmodernscienceandtechnology.Intheknowledgeage,themateriallifeofmankindisalreadyveryrich,andthepressureismainlytoimprovethequalityoflifeandmeettheneedsofspirituallife.Itsneedsarehigh-levelneeds,andthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyismainlyrelatedtothequalityofmaterialandculturallife.Mentalneedsalsoincludehealthandlongevityandspacetravel.
Fromthechangesinthecharacteristicsofscienceandtechnologyinthesetimes,itcanbeseenthat-ifwesaythatthefocusofscienceandtechnologyinthe18thto20thcenturiesishumanunderstandingofnature,conqueringnature,andmaximizingthesatisfactionofhumanmateriallifeneeds;then21Thescientificandtechnologicalfocusofthecenturyisthathumanbeingsunderstandthemselves,changethemselves,comprehensivelyimprovethequalityofmaterialandculturallife,improvehumansustainabilityandadapttotheneedsoftheaerospaceage.
Inthepast500years,therehavebeenaboutfivescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionsintheworld,includingtwoscientificrevolutionsandthreetechnologicalrevolutions.Thesixthtechnologicalrevolutioniscomingtous.BaiChunli,PresidentoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,statedinthearticle"TheSixthScientificandTechnologicalRevolution"publishedbytheChineseAcademyofSciences,"Chinacannolongermissthenewscientificandtechnologicalrevolution.Towintheinitiativeinthescientificandtechnologicalrevolution".BaiChunlisaidthathistoricalexperienceshowsthatglobaleconomiccrisesoftengiverisetomajortechnologicalinnovationsandbreakthroughs.Today,someimportantscientificandtechnologicalfieldshaveshownsignsofrevolutionarybreakthroughs,newtechnologicalrevolutionsandindustrialrevolutionsarebeginningtoemerge,andtheworldisatthedawnofanewroundoftechnologicalrevolutions.
BaiChunliexpectsthatthesixthtechnologicalrevolutionislikelytooccurinlifesciences,materialsciences,andtheirintersectingfields.Becausetherearesomanyunknownthingsinhumanlifeandhealth,therearemany,bigproblemstobeexplored,andmanynewtheoriestobeestablished.Theestablishmentandapplicationofnewtheorieswillgreatlyimprovepeople'squalityoflifeandqualityoflife,andevenleadtotheoccurrenceofnewindustries.
ThesixthtechnologicalrevolutionWithaviationtechnologyandbiotechnology(4photos)
BaiChunlisaidthatChinamissedtheopportunityofthefirstfourtechnologicalrevolutions.Inthefifthscientificandtechnologicalrevolution,Chinawasonlyatrackerandatrackerwhodidnotachievegoodresults.Theforthcomingsixthnewscientificandtechnologicalrevolutioninvolvesprofoundchangesinscienceandtechnology,providingarareopportunityforChina'sscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment..Chinacannolongermissit.Chinamustseizetheopportunityandmakeaforward-lookinglayoutinordertowintheinitiativeinthenewroundofscientificandtechnologicalrevolution.Inthefieldoflifesciences,thereisstillabiggapbetweentheadvancedlevelofChinaandforeigncountries,butinrecentyears,withthecountry'srapidincreaseinscienceandtechnologyinvestmentandthecontinuousincreaseinthetrainingofoutstandingtalents,someverygoodresultshavebeenobtained.Ibelievethatwithunremittingefforts,Chinawilllayabetterknowledgebaseandtalentbaseforseizingnewbreakthroughsinthisfield.Achievements
Arevolution
Cottontextile:Theinventionofaseriesoftextilemachines
Power:Watt'simprovedsteamengine(1785)
Transportation:Fulton-steamship(UnitedStates,1807);StephenSun-steamlocomotive(English,1814)
1.FirstoccurredintheUnitedKingdom,withtheUnitedKingdomasthemainbody;
2.Lightindustryastheleading;
3.Steampowerasthemainsymbol;
4.Technicalinventionsaremainlyderivedfromthepracticalexperienceofworkersandtechnicians.
Thesecondrevolution
Wideapplicationsofelectricpower(Siemens-generator,Gram-motor)
Thecreationofinternalcombustionenginesandnewvehicles(CarlBen-Thecardrivenbytheinternalcombustionengine,theWrightbrothers-theairplane)
Theinventionofnewcommunicationmethods(Bell-Telephone,Marconi-WirelessTelegraph)
1.ScienceandtechnologybegantocloseCombination
2.Newtechnologicalinventionsoccuralmostsimultaneouslyinseveralcountries
3.Insomecountries,thetwoindustrialrevolutionsintersecteachother
Threerevolutions
Wideapplicationofcomputers
Scienceandtechnologypromotethedevelopmentofproductivity,andthespeedoftransformationintodirectproductivityisaccelerated.
2.Closeintegrationofscienceandtechnologyandmutualpromotion.
3.Themutualpenetrationofvariousfieldsofscienceandtechnology.
Fourrevolutions
TheextensiveapplicationoftheInternet
Thesystemscienceandengineeringresearchofcellsandmoleculeshasformedthedevelopmentofbioenergy,bioinformaticsandbiomaterials.Theall-roundbio-industryrevolutionwillbringabouttechnologicalbreakthroughsandindustrializationofbio-solarenergy,bio-computersandbio-reactors.
Fiverevolutions
Wideapplicationofrobots
Impact
Thefirstrevolution
【Mainimpact】
1.Ithasgreatlyimprovedproductivity,andpromotedtheconsolidationandextensiveestablishmentofthecapitalistsystem;
2.Theclassstructureofsocietyhasundergonemajorchanges,andthesocietyhasincreasinglysplitintotwomajoroppositionsClass;
3.Makeamajorchangeinthesocialandeconomicstructureandstarttheprocessofurbanization;
4.Changetheworldpattern:theEastissubordinatetotheWest
5.Liberalcapitalismdeveloped,andcolonialaggressionenteredaperioddominatedbycommodityexports.
Thesecondrevolution
[Mainimpact]
1.Promotetherapiddevelopmentofproductivity;
2.Thegreatpowersstepuptodividetheworld,Thecapitalistworldsystemisfinallyformed;colonialaggressionentersaperioddominatedbycapitalexport
3.Theimbalanceofpoliticalandeconomicdevelopmenthasintensified,andthepatternofworldforceshaschanged;thecompetitionandconflictsofthepowershaveintensified;
4.Theproletariathasgrown,andthelabormovementhasgraduallyreacheditsclimax.
【ImpactonChina】
1.ThegreatpowerscontinuedtolaunchaseriesofwarsofaggressionagainstChina,andsetoffafrenzyofcarveupChina,andChinawascompletelyreducedtoasemi-colonialandsemi-feudalsociety;
2.TheinitialdevelopmentofChina'snationalcapitalism;
3.TheChinesepeople'snationalsalvationandpreservationmovementisontherise(suchas:theReformReform,theBoxerMovement,andtheRevolutionof1911).
Thethirdrevolution
1.Greatlypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialproductivity—changesinthemeansofincreasinglaborproductivity;
2.PromotedthesocialeconomyChangesinstructureandsociallifestructure-theproportionofthetertiaryindustryhasrisen.Changesinpeople’sdailylifesuchasclothing,food,housing,transportation,etc.;
3.Promotingtheadjustmentoftheinternationaleconomicstructure-closertiesbetweenlocalities;
Thefourthrevolution
Seizingtheopportunitycanleadtothefullriseoftechnologicalandeconomicstrength.Theartificialdesignandartificialsynthesisofcellsisatechnologicalrevolutionliketheriseoforganicchemicalsandmicroelectronics,anditwillinvolvemoretraditionalindustrialupgradingandreformsthatwillbringnewideas.Intheageofindustry,thefieldofsystemsbiologyscienceandengineeringhasshortenedthecycleofindustrialtransformationofscienceandtechnologythaninthepast.Thescientificandtechnologicaldecision-makingagenciesofEuropeanandAmericancountrieshaveformulatedreformmeasuresforeducation,scienceandtechnologyandindustrialsystemstowelcomethearrivalofthenewindustrialrevolution.
Commonimpactofthethreerevolutions
1.Improvedproductiontoolsandtechnology,promotedeconomicdevelopmentandsocialproductivity;
2.Theprocessleadingtopopulationincreaseandurbanization;
3.Promotechangesinthesocialandeconomicstructure,industrialproductiondominatesthenationaleconomy,andpeople’slifestylesandvalueshavealsochanged;
4.Promotechangesintheclassstructureandpromotethecontinuousadjustmentoftheproductionrelationsofcapitalistcountries;
5.LeadtheEasttosubordinatetotheWest,formingthecapitalistruleoftheworld,Promotedtheformationofthecapitalistworldsystemandformedanunreasonableinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder;
6.Affectedthelayoutofworldindustry;
7.IntensifiedthedevelopmentofcapitalisteconomyTheimbalance.
Contrast
Starttimeandconditions
Thefirsttechnologicalrevolution(1860s)establishedtheruleofthebourgeoisieinBritainforoverseastrade,slavetradeandColonialplunderingaccumulatedalargeamountofcapital.Thefurtherpromotionoftheenclosuremovementresultedinthedevelopmentofalargenumberoflabor-employedworkshopsandthedevelopmentofhandicrafts,whichaccumulatedacertainamountofproductiontechnology.
Thesecondscientificandtechnologicalrevolution(1870s)Thecapitalistsystemestablishedworldwidecapitalaccumulationandthewantonplunderingofcolonization,whichaccumulatedalargeamountoffundsandmadebreakthroughprogressinnaturalsciences,theemergenceofworldmarketsandcapitalTheformationoftheworldsystemofismhasfurtherexpandedthedemandforcommodities.
Relationship
Therelationshipbetweenscientificrevolution,technologicalrevolutionandindustrialrevolution
Scientificrevolutionreferstothegreatprogressofscientifictheory,method,knowledge,etc.,fromthelibraryEn’sscientificrevolutionisoftenseenasabreakthroughinscientifictheories,concepts,andnorms,thatis,paradigmsormodels.Thebirthofnewdisciplinesextendstootherdisciplines,suchasthebirthofrelativity,quantumtheory,systemtheory,andcybernetics.Ledtoascientificrevolution.Theforerunnerofthescientificrevolutionsometimescamefromphilosophicaltrends,sometimesfrombreakthroughsintechnologyandexperiments.Thelatter,forexample,thediscoveryofroentgenraysledtothesubsequentrevolutioninphysics,thediscoveryoftheDNAdoublehelixstructureledtotheeraofmolecularbiology,etc.,butalsothescientificrevolution.Italsobroughtaboutatechnologicalrevolution,suchassystemscienceandcomputertechnology,geneticsandgeneticengineeringtechnology,andsystemsbiologyandsyntheticbiotechnology.Theindustrialrevolution,alsoknownastheindustrialrevolution,isbasedoneconomicandindustrialstructuralchanges,andismainlydeterminedbywhetherthetechnologicalrevolutionhasreachedaseriesofproductsthatleadtoaseriesofproductinnovationsintermsoftechnologyanddesign,givingbirthtoaseriesofinventionsanddesigns.Newproductsandevennewindustries,forexample,thesecondindustrialrevolution-electrificationistheemergenceofelectrifiedenergy,lighting,electricmotors,householdappliances,computers,etc.Theriseofsystemsbiologyandsystembioengineeringinthe21stcenturywillleadtocomputertechnology,nanotechnologyThehighdegreeofcrossoverandintegrationoftechnology,biotechnology,medicaltechnologyandotherdisciplineshasbroughtaboutacomprehensivebio-industrializationinthematerials,energy,andinformationindustries,andmaybringaboutanewroundofindustrialrevolution.
FeaturesofAchievements
Thefirsttechnologicalrevolutionincottontextiles:theinventionofaseriesoftextilemachines:Watt'simprovedsteamengine(1785)
1.FirsthappenedIntheUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedKingdomasthemainbody;
2.Lightindustryastheleading;
3.Steampowerasthemainsymbol;
4.TechnologyinventionMainlyfromthepracticalexperienceofworkersandtechnicians
Thesecondrevolutioninscienceandtechnology
1.Thewideapplicationofelectricpower(Siemens-generator,Gram-motor)
2.Thecreationofinternalcombustionenginesandnewvehicles(KarlBenz-internalcombustionengine-poweredcars,Wrightbrothers-airplanes)
3.Theinventionofnewcommunicationmethods(Bell-telephone,Marconi-Wirelesstelegraph)
1.Scienceandtechnologybegantobecloselyintegrated
2.Newtechnologicalinventionsoccurredalmostsimultaneouslyinseveralcountries
3.SomecountriestwiceTheindustrialrevolutioncrossesover
Thethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution
Representedbytheapplicationofatomicenergytechnology,aerospacetechnology,andelectroniccomputers,includinghigh-techmaterialssuchassyntheticmaterials,molecularbiologyandgeneticengineeringtechnology.
1.Scienceandtechnologypromotethedevelopmentofproductivity,andthespeedoftransformationintodirectproductivityisaccelerating.
2.Closeintegrationofscienceandtechnologyandmutualpromotion.
3.Themutualpenetrationofvariousfieldsofscienceandtechnology.
ImpactonChina
Thefirstscientificandtechnologicalrevolution
3.Promotedtheadjustmentoftheinternationaleconomicstructure-closerlinksbetweenvariousregions;strengtheningnationalcapitalismCompetewithscienceandtechnology;expanddevelopment
1.Greatlyimproveproductivity,promotetheconsolidationandextensiveestablishmentofthecapitalistsystem;
2.Makemajorchangesinthesocialclassstructure,Increasinglysplitintotwoopposingclasses;
3.Majorchangeshavetakenplaceinthesocialandeconomicstructure,andtheurbanizationprocesshasbegun;
4.Changesintheworldpattern:theEastissubordinatetotheWest
5.Liberalcapitalismhasdeveloped,andcolonialaggressionhasenteredaperiodofcommodityexports.
1.LaunchedtwoOpiumWars,turningChinaintoasemi-colonialandsemi-feudalsociety
2.Theemergenceofmodernindustry(theemergenceofChinesenationalcapitalism)
3AdvancedChinesebegantolearnfromtheWest
Thesecondtechnologicalrevolution
1.Promotetherapiddevelopmentofproductivity;
2.Furtheradjustmentofproductionrelations:monopoliesandmonopolyorganizationsareformed,andmajorcapitalistcountriesentertheimperialiststage;
3.Theproletariatgrows,Thelabormovementisgraduallyreachingitsclimax
4.TheinitialdevelopmentofChinesenationalcapitalism
Thethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution
1.Greatlypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces-—Changesinthemeansofimprovinglaborproductivity;
2.Promotingchangesinthesocio-economicstructureandsociallifestructure—theproportionofthetertiaryindustryhasrisen.People'sdailylifesuchasfood,clothing,housingandtransportationchanges;theeconomicgapbetweenthecountryandthedevelopingcountries.Fordevelopingcountries,itisbothanopportunityandachallenge.
AfterthefoundingofNewChina,mycountry'sscienceandtechnologyhavealsobeenfurtherdeveloped.Withthereformandopeningup,theintroductionofforeignadvancedscienceandtechnologyhasmadegreatachievementsinthefieldofscienceandtechnology.Opportunitiesandchallengescoexist.
4.Thephilosophicalenlightenmentofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolution:
(1)Itsappearanceistheneedofpractice,theproductofthedevelopmentofsocialproductivity,anditpromotessocialprogressandproductivitydevelopment
(2)Therearecommonalitiesaswellastheirowncharacteristics.Theyaretheunityofcommonalityandindividuality,andtheunityofuniversalityandparticularity.
(3)NotonlycontributedtothebirthofMarxism,butalsopromotedMarxism.developmentof.(Marxismcontinuestodevelopwiththedevelopmentofpracticeandscience)
5.Howtofacethenewscientificandtechnologicalrevolution:
(1)Asacountry,insistontakingeconomicconstructionasthecenter,Layamaterialfoundationforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology;developscienceandeducation,implementthestrategyofrejuvenatingthecountrythroughscienceandeducation;attachimportancetotalents,andestablishaknowledgeinnovationsystem.
(2)Fromanindividualpointofview,studyhard,activelyparticipateinsocialpractice,andpayattentiontothecultivationofinnovativeconsciousnessandspirit.
(3)Fromaneconomicpointofview,fullyunderstandthattechnologyistheprimaryproductiveforce,understanditsroleinsocialproduction,relyontechnologyandimproveefficiencytoachievethetransformationofeconomicgrowthmode.
(4)Fromapoliticalperspective,thefocusofinternationalcompetitionhaschanged,andthekeyfactorindetermininginternationalstatusistechnology.Itisnecessarytofullyexercisenationalfunctions,andmaketherevitalizationofscienceandtechnologyandthedevelopmentofeducationthefocusofthenationalstrategy.
(5)Forthevastnumberofdevelopingcountries,facingthesurgingwaveofthethirdtechnologicalrevolution,opportunitiesandchallengesandpressurecoexist.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofthecountry,formulatecorrespondingeconomic,technological,andsocialdevelopmentstrategies,andstrivetonarrowtheeconomicgapwithdevelopedcountries.Exploringapathsuitableforthecountry'srapiddevelopmentistheprimarytaskfacingthevastnumberofdevelopingcountries.
6Therelationshipbetweenscience,technology,andproductioninthethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution:
(1)Inthethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution,science,technology,andproductionTheconnectionbetweenthepeoplehasbeengreatlystrengthened.
(2)Scienceprovidesthepossibilityofmaterialization,technologyprovidesmaterializationreality,andproductionbecomestheconcreterealizationprocessofmaterialization.
(3)Forscience,technologyisanextensionofscience;fortechnology,scienceisthesublimationoftechnology;forproduction,scienceandtechnologyisanecessaryprerequisiteforitspracticalactivities.
(4)Thethreeinterpenetrateandinfluenceeachother,resultinginaninseparabletrend,ascitedinthe"ScienceandTechnologyRevolution"entryinthethirdeditionoftheEncyclopediaoftheSovietUnion.Word.