Origin
TraditionalChineseistheChinesewritingsystemproducedbytheevolutionofXiaozhuanintoofficialscript(afterwards,regularscript,runningscript,cursivescriptandothercalligraphy).TherearetwothousandMorethanyearsofhistory,untilthe20thcentury,ithasbeenthecommonChinesewritingstandardamongChinesepeopleeverywhere.Sincethe1950s,theofficialsimplificationsmadebythePeople’sRepublicofChinaonthebasisoftraditionalChinesehaveformedanewstandardforChinesewriting,namelysimplifiedChinese.SimplifiedChineseismainlycomposedofinheritedcharactersandsimplifiedcharactersintroducedbythePeople'sRepublicofChinaafterthe1950s.SimplifiedChineseismainlyusedinMainlandChinaandSoutheastAsia(suchasMalaysiaandSingapore),whiletraditionalChineseismainlyusedinTaiwan,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andMacauSpecialAdministrativeRegion.
Theterm"traditionalcharacter"isonlyusedwhenacharacterhasasimplifiedcharacter.IfaChinesecharacterhasnocorrespondingsimplifiedcharacter,itbelongstothecategoryofinheritedcharacters.However,atcertaintimes,fontscommonlyusedinHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanwillbecollectivelyreferredtoas"traditionalcharacters"or"traditionalChinese";thestandardChinesecharactersofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(includingsimplifiedcharactersandinheritedcharactersthathavenotbeensimplified)willbecollectivelyreferredtoas"traditionalChinese"."SimplifiedChinese"or"SimplifiedChinese",butinfact,thedifferencebetweenthissystemandthecharactersystemsofTaiwanProvince,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegion,inadditiontothedifferencesbetweensimplifiedandtraditionalChinesecharacters,isalsolargelyduetothechoiceofdifferentvariantsandThedifferenceintheshapeofthecharacters,so"SimplifiedChinese"maynothavefewerstrokes;somestrokesaremorethantheformer,suchas"强".Affectedbywritinghabits,themergerofsomeChinesecharactershasalsoappearedinTaiwan,butthesubstitutedcharactercanstillbeusedasavariant,andonlyoneofthecharactersofthecharacterhasbeenreplaced.
InthehistoryofChina,fromancienttimestotheWesternHanDynasty,thereweresignificantdifferencesbetweentheofficialstandardfontsandthemoderntraditionalfonts.ItwasnotuntiltheappearanceoftheofficialscriptthatprevailedintheEasternHanDynastyintheQinDynastythatitwasclosertothemoderntraditionalfonts.ThestandardChinesecharactersissuedbythecourtsofthepastdynastiesthroughthecompilationofthe"BookofCharacters"haveofficialauthoritycomparedtovarioussimplifiedcharactersusedspontaneouslybythepeople.However,thejadesealsandofficialsealsofalllevelsusedintheQinDynastystillusesealscript.MainlandChinabegantoformulateandimplementsimplifiedcharactersin1956.Sincethen,simplifiedcharactershavebecomestandardChinesecharactersinmainlandChina.TraditionalcharactersaretraditionalChinesecharactersasopposedtosimplifiedcharacters.
InAugust1935,theMinistryofEducationoftheNationalistGovernmentannouncedthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList",whichincluded324popularcharacters,ancientcharactersandcursivecharactersmostwidelyspreadamongthepeople.However,duetocontroversy,the"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList"waswithdrawninFebruaryofthefollowingyear.Thetwoexplanationsofthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList"areasfollows:"1.Writing,differentfromthetraditionalcharacters,canreplacethetraditionalcharacters;2.Thesimplifiedcharacterslistedinthistableincludepopularcharacters,ancientcharacters,cursivescript,etc."
SimplifiedcharactersintroducedbytheNationalistGovernmentthatyearManyofthemaresimplifiedcharactersinuse.Simplifiedcharactersarethenamesusedinthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedCharactersList"oftheRepublicofChina,whichhasagreatinfluence.Existingworddictionary.Chinesefolksgenerallyrefertosimplifiedcharactersassimplifiedcharacters.Atfirstglance,simplifiedcharactersaresimplifiedinfontimage.
Officialscriptisasimplificationofsealscript,cursivescriptandrunningscriptaresimplificationsofofficialscript,simplifiedcharactersaresimplificationsofregularscript,butitisnotageneraltrendforChinesecharacterstochangefromcomplextosimpleinthelong-termhistoricaldevelopment.SealscriptisnotOraclebonescript.Simplification,regularscriptisnotasimplificationofofficialscript.Inordertomakethewritingmoreclearlyrecordthelanguage,peopleusemoreglyphstosharetherecordingfunctionofthewriting,resultinginalargenumberofdifferentiatedcharacters.Thereduced-strokecharactersinregularscripthaveappearedintheSouthernandNorthernDynasties(4thto6thcenturies),andgraduallyincreasedaftertheTangandSongDynasties.Theyaremostlycommonlyusedcharacterswithmorestrokes.Mostofthesecharactersareinfluencedbycursiveandrunningscript.simplified.Inaddition,thereisatypeofsimplifiedcharacterswheretwoorthreestrokesofsimplesymbolsareusedtoreplacecomplexparts.Forexample,Shu,Opera,Difficulty,Huan,Dui,Xu(Guan),Liu,Hu(Qi),Qiao,Feng,District,Ying,Xing,Lian,Shi,Luo,Sui,Guan(Guan).Thesearethefolkcharactersthathavebeenpopularforalongtime.Thesimplifiedcharactersusedarefurthersortedandimprovedonthebasisoftheexistingpopularcharacters,ancientcharacters,andcursivescriptsinthepreviousgeneration,andmanycharactersaremergedintoanothercharacter(tongjia)whentheyaresimplified.Therearethreetypesofspecificsituations:
Oneistouseexistingsimplewordstoreplacecomplexwords,suchas"后"(皇后,皇天后土)insteadof"后"(behind),"Li"(suchashometown,kilometers,milestones)Insteadof"in"(eg:inside).
Thesecondistoreplacetwoormorewordswithanewsimplifiedcharacter,suchas"发"and"发"in"hair"and"facai"aresimplifiedto"发".
Thethirdispartialmerging,thatis,thepartialmeaningofawordisloadedontoanothersimplestroke,andtheothermeaningsofthewordarestillreserved,suchas:"borrow"ofexcusesandrelianceissimplifiedto"borrow",Theborrowingofcomfortandmessisstillusedas"borrowing";whenreadingliǎo(understanding),itisabbreviatedas"lai",whenreadingliào(lookout),itis"lai",notsimplyas"le";QiankunandQianlong's"dry""Qian"(former)isnotsimplifiedas"gan";"Zheng"inGongShangjiaoZhengyuispronouncedzhǐ(止),notsimplifiedas"征".
Thesethreemethodssometimesmergecharactersthatareirrelevantinsourceandmeaning,evenindifferentpronunciations,andhaveneverbeenorrarelyusedinhistory.Asaresult,theancientswere"renamed"andeasytomakemistakes.Reading,forexample:TangDezongLiShi’s"fit"(kuò)islikelytobemisinterpretedasshì,whichisconfusedwiththepoetGaoShi’s"fit"(shì);the"zheng"ofWenZhengmingandWeiZhengissometimesoversimplified"Zheng";the"shu"(zhú)ofthetraditionalChinesemedicineBaizhuislikelytobemisinterpretedasshù;the"ye"(xié)of"YeYun"islikelytobemisinterpretedasyè;The"fa"in"cai"isoftenmisreadasfā.
>OracleboneinscriptionsaretheoldestmaturescriptinChina.Fromoracleboneinscriptions,bronzeinscriptions,largesealtosmallseal,thefontsgraduallybecomemainlylinesymbols,andtheglyphsaregraduallyfixed.
SincetheSouthernandNorthernDynasties,therehavebeenvulgarcharacterswithfewerstrokes.Forexample,thevulgarword"Liu"hasappearedintheexistingYuanDynastyblock-printed"WaterMargin".
ThesimplificationofChinesecharactersinmoderntimescanbetracedbacktothefoundingofthe"EducationMagazine"in1909(thefirstyearofXuantongintheQingDynasty).LuFeikuipublishedanarticleinhisinauguralissue,"GeneralEducationShouldUseVulgarCharacters."OnFebruary1,1920,QianXuantongpublished"ProposaltoReducetheStrokesofChineseCharacters"in"NewYouth".In1922,QianXuanandhiscolleaguesputforwardeightsimplificationprinciplesforChinesecharacters.
OnAugust21,1935,theMinistryofEducationoftheRepublicofChinagovernmentpromulgatedthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList."Collected324words.
InFebruary1936,the"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList"wassuspendedbyageneralorder.
OnJanuary28,1956,theStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaapprovedthe"ChineseCharacterSimplificationPlan."ThepopularsimplifiedChinesecharacters(simplifiedcharacters)arebasicallybasedonthis.Therearecurrently2,235simplifiedcharactersrecognizedbythegovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
Chinesecharactersareoneoftheoldestwritingsystemsintheworld.ThesacredcharactersofancientEgypt,thecuneiformwritingoftheSumeriansoftheMesopotamiahavebeenlost,andChinesecharactersarestillinuse.Moreover,Chinesecharactersarethemostwidelyusedcharactersintheworld.
Atthesametime,Chinesecharactersarealsotheobjectofaesthetics.Inthousandsofyearsofdevelopment,variousfontssuchasoracleboneinscriptions,bronzeinscriptions,sealscript,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,andrunningscripthavebeencreated,andtheartofcalligraphy,TheartofsealcuttingandthegameofinterpretingcharacterspromotedtheartoftraditionalChinesepaintingandgavepeopleagreataestheticandspiritualenjoyment,thusleavinganaestheticimageinpeople'sminds.
TraditionalChineseisusedinHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,MacauSpecialAdministrativeRegion,Taiwan,Japan,SouthKoreaandotherplaces.
Simplification
Principles
Theprincipleofsimplificationoftraditionalcharactersintosimplifiedcharactersis:"statementwithoutwriting","conventionalconventions,steadyprogress",thatistosay,trytouseThesimplifiedcharactersthathavebeenpopularamongthepeopleforalongtimewillonlybecollected,sortedandmodifiedasnecessary,andsimplifiedinaccordancewiththeprincipleof"conventionalpractice,steadyprogress".Itincludestwoaspects:oneistosimplifythenumberofcharacters,andtoabolishthehomophonic,synonymous,butdifferentformsofvariants.In1955,theMinistryofCultureandtheCharacterReformCommissionpublishedthe"FirstBatchofVariantCharactersSortingTable",whichabolished1,055variantcharacters.Thesecondistoreducestrokes.In1964,theChineseCharacterReformCommission,theMinistryofCulture,andtheMinistryofEducationpublishedthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList".Therewere2,238simplifiedChinesecharacters.ThetraditionalChinesecharacterswithanaverageof16to19strokespercharacterweresimplifiedtoanaverageof8to11strokespercharacter.Character.
The"SimplifiedCharactersList"containsatotalof2274simplifiedcharactersand14simplifiedradicalssuchas[訁],饣[飠],纟[糹],钅[釒],manyofwhichcomefromcursivescriptThecommoncharacters,variantcharacters,ancientcharacters,andphonycharacterswithsimplestrokesinKaihuaandliterature,andothercharactersarecreatedbycontemporarypeople.The"GeneralStandardChineseCharactersTable"implementslimitedanalogysimplification,thatis,allthetraditionalcharactersincludedinthecharactertablearesimplifiedbasedontheprinciplesstipulatedinthe"SimplifiedChineseCharacterList",suchas"骦,骕,鸘,鹔"respectivelysimplifiedItis"snacks,swans,wands,wands".Thewordsoutsidethewordlistarenolongersimplifiedbyanalogy,forexample,"驡"isnotsimplifiedbyanalogyto"long+horse".
Alargenumberof"vulgarcharacters"appearedasearlyastheSongandYuandynasties.YanYuansun's"GanLuZishu",QianXuantong's"SimplifiedChineseCharacters"(1935),etc.havebeensortedout..Inthe1920sand1930s,theNationalGovernmentatthetimepublishedthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList".Duetocontroversy,thisplanwasnotimplemented.Inthe1950s,thenewChinesegovernmentannouncedsimplifiedcharactersinstagesandpromotedthemacrossthemainland.ThereweretwosimplifiedChinesecharactersinthe1970s.Forexample,theword"zhan"wasreducedto"corpse"with"一"underneath.Thetwosimplifiedcharacterswerelaterabolished.Taiwan,HongKong,andMacaudidnotsimplifyChinesecharacters.
Methods
TherearesixwaystosimplifyChinesecharacters.Thefirstistoreplacetheradicals,thesecondistodeleteparts,thethirdistoreplacewithhomophones,thefourthistotransformall,thefifthistosimplifyandanalogize,andthesixthistomakecursivescripts.Thefinalversionofthe"SimplifiedCharactersList"wasrevisedin1986.Itcontainsatotalof2,274simplifiedcharactersand14simplifiedradicals:thefirsttablecontains350simplifiedcharactersthatcannotbeusedassimplifiedradicals,andthesecondtablecanbeusedassimplifiedradicals.132simplifiedcharactersusedand14simplifiedradicalssuchas[訁],饣[飠],纟[糹],钅[釒],etc.Thethirdtablecontains1,753simplifiedcharactersbyanalogy,andthe"Appendix"collectionhabitsareregardedasThereare39standardizedChinesecharactersforsimplifiedcharacters,andthe"Explanation"mentionsout-of-listcharacters"Wherethesimplifiedcharactersorsimplifiedradicalsinthesecondtableareusedasradicals,theyshouldgenerallybesimplifiedinthesameway."
In1986,adjustmentsweremadetoindividualcharactersintheoriginal"GeneralListofSimplifiedChineseCharacters":"Die","Fu",and"Xiang"werenolongerusedas"Die","复"and"TraditionalChinesecharacterprocessingof"Xiang".Therefore,inthefirsttable,"die〔fold〕"and"象〔像〕"aredeleted,andthetraditionalcharacter(cover)isdeletedundertheprefixoftheword"复".Whentheword"了"ispronounced"liǎo"(understand),itisstillabbreviatedas"了",whenitispronounced"liào"(瞭望),itismade"了"insteadof"了".Somesimplifiedcharactershavespecialcircumstances.Appropriateannotationshavebeenaddedtothe"SimplifiedCharactersList".Forexample,"gan"isasimplifiedwordfor"乾"(gān),butthe"乾"(qián)of"qiankun"isnotsimplified;and"Yu"in"longsigh"isstillpronouncedxū;CircumstancesareoftenpresentinChinesecharacters.Iftheyarenotwrittenout,itwilleasilycausemisunderstandings.Anotherexampleistouse"Yu"toreplace"Yu"and"Fu"toreplace"Fu".Althoughthemassesareusedtoit,insomecasesitisnotsuitableandneedstobedifferentiated.Anotherexampleisthedifferencebetween"Me"and"幺"("Me"wasoriginallyavulgarformof"幺"andlaterbecameasimplifiedwordfor"Me"),howmanystrokesofthesimplifiedChinesecharacterfor"马",andsoon.
Therearethreemainsimplificationsinthe"SimplifiedCharactersList":
Oneisthe"simplification"ofthevulgarstrokes,suchas"guan","bei"and"guan".",""Quality","Total","Donkey","Iron","Clock","Following","Jue","Chicken","Luan","Cast","Gull","Gu",Simplifiedwordssuchas"ba"and"钻"arederivedfrom"覌","俻","关","貭","Zong","馿","鉄","鈡","継","覚"",""鳮","鵉","鋳","鴎","頋","垻","钻"andotherpopularcharactersevolved.
Thesecondtypeis"provincialchange",whichmostlyevolvedfromcursivescript,suchas讠[訁],饣[飠],纟[糹],钅[釒]andalsosee,page,Bei,Che,Dong,Ma,Yu,Gu,Dang,Wei,Shu,Chang,Men,Niao,Wu,Zhuan,Jian,Wei,Shou,Huiandothersimplifiedcharactersbyanalogy.Thecharacter"糸"isaradicalcharacter.Whenitisusedastheleftside,thefontcommonlyusedinHongKongandTaiwanischangedto"幺"withthreedotsunderittochangeto"糹",andthesimplifiedformofthemainlandis"纟".TheoriginalmeaningsofItobeChinesecharactersareallrelatedtosilkthread,textileandcloth,suchas"silk","line","warp","tie","wen","fun","twist","tie","tight","Xu","Tired","Complex","Disorder","Purple"andsoon.Incursivescript,thereistheformofwritingnextto"纟",sothecharacterswith"糹"nexttoitareallexpressedinsimplifiedform"纟".Note:Thewords,food,糸,andgoldaregenerallysimplifiedwhentheyareonlyusedastheleftside.Ingeneral,讠,鮣,纟,and钅canonlybeusedfortheleftside("argument","punishment","braid","silk","title"""andotherwordsarealsosimplified,but"faith","oath","xie","飧","meal","line","xu","purple","gan","鎜","鏖","Xin"andotherwordsarenotsimplified).
Thethirdtypeistoreplacewithhomophonesornear-soundingcharacters,suchasthe"Yu"of"Daoyu"andthe"谷"of"Shandong",whichareoriginallytwocharacters,butinordertoomitthestrokes,theyareunifiedReplacedwith"valley"withfewstrokes.
Encoding
TraditionalChinesehasgenerallyusedBig5Chineseencodingsincethe1980s.TheChinesemainlandusestheGB2312nationalstandardsimplifiedChinesecode.TheBureauofStandardsofTaiwanProvincehaspublishedanofficialcodecalledCNS11643,butithasnotbeenwidelyadopted.
WiththeemergenceoftheUnicodecross-languageencodingset,Unicodecannotonlyexpresstraditionalandsimplifiedcharactersatthesametime,butalsoexpressJapanese,KoreanandotherChinesecharacterencodingsatthesametime.BecauseUnicodeissharedbyallcomputercompaniessuchasMicrosoft,Apple,IBM,etc.Support,soitiswidelyadoptedworldwide.
MainlandChinahasalsoimplementedasetofGBKnationalstandardcodes.ThissetofcodesaddstraditionalChinese,JapaneseandKoreancodesonthebasisofthepreviousGB2312nationalstandardsimplifiedChinesecodes.IthasbeenusedinTaiwanandotherregions.Promoteuse.
Use
OnJanuary28,1956,theStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaissuedthe"ResolutiononPromulgatingthePlanforSimplificationofChineseCharacters".Teaching,research,publishing,culture,commerceandotherfieldsandcertaingroupsofpeoplestillhavelearninganduseneeds.Ithasvalueinancienthistoryandcultureresearch,calligraphyartcreationandotherfields.ItisstillthemainbodyinHongKong,Macao,TaiwanandoverseasChinesecommunities.Usewords.
In2001,the"LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaontheCommonLanguageandCharactersofthePeople'sRepublicofChina",whichcameintoeffect,clearlystipulatedthatthecountryshouldimplementstandardizedChinesecharacters,anditalsoclarifiedthescopeoftraditionalChinesecharactersthatcanbereservedorused:
(1)Culturalrelicsandhistoricalsites;
(2)Variantcharactersinsurnames;
(3)Calligraphy,sealcuttingandotherartisticworks;
(4)InscriptionsandSignboardhandwrittencharacters;
(5)Needtobeusedinpublishing,teaching,andresearch;
(6)SpecialcircumstancesapprovedbyrelevantdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil.
TheareaswheretraditionalcharactersareusedaremainlyTaiwan,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andMacauSpecialAdministrativeRegion.ThestandardsoftheTaiwanregionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaare"Commonly-usedChineseCharactersStandardFontTable","SecondlyCommonly-usedChineseCharactersStandardFontTable"and"Rarely-usedFontsTable".TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofChinaisbasedonthe"CommonlyUsedChineseCharactersGlyphTable".
ThemostcommonlyusedTraditionalChinesecodeistheBig5code,whichwasformulatedbyTaiwan.SincemanycharacterscommonlyusedinHongKonghavenotbeenincluded,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernmenthasformulatedasupplementaryplan(HKSCS),butBoththestandardBig5andHKSCShavebeenincludedinUnicodeandGBK.
WhenpublishingtraditionalChineseprintsinthemainland,mostofthenewfontsofSongtypeareused.Thetraditionalcharactersincludedinthe"GeneralListofSimplifiedChineseCharacters"and"GeneralStandardChineseCharactersTable"areallincludedinthe"ComparisonTableofStandardCharactersandTraditionalChineseCharacters"ItisanewfontofSongTi,whichisdifferentfromthetraditionaloldfontofSongTi,andissomewhatdifferentfromthefontusedinHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan(Note:Actually“SongTi”isamisnomerfor“MingTi”).Inaddition,theNationalPeople’sCongressofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaenactedthe“LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaontheCommonLanguageandCharactersofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”topromotestandardizedChinesecharacters.ApprovedbytheStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,the"ChineseCharacterSimplificationPlan"wasannounced,indicatingthatthecurrentstandardizedChinesecharactersaresimplifiedcharactersandinheritedcharacters.
Differencesandcomparisons
DifferencesbetweenTraditionalChineseandSimplifiedChinese
InadditiontothedifferencesintheshapeofChinesecharacters,therearedifferencesinvocabularybetweenTraditionalChineseandSimplifiedChinese.Forexample,the"ball-pointpen"commonlyusedinsimplifiedChineseiscalled"ballpen"intraditionalChinese,"stalin"insimplifiedChineseiscalled"stalin"intraditionalChinese,and"Korean"insimplifiedChinese(herereferstoNorthKorea).TheDemocraticPeople’sRepublic,alsoknownasNorthKorea)iscalled"NorthKorea"inTraditionalChinese,"Sydney"inSimplifiedChineseiscalled"Sydney"inTraditionalChinese,and"Yogurt"inSimplifiedChineseisinTraditionalChineseKnownas"yogurt"andsoon.Becauseofthisdifference,theterm"TraditionalChinese"cameintobeing.Butinfact,thisisnotthedifferencebetweenthetraditionalandsimplifiedChineseitself,butmainlybecausethepeoplewhousethetwo,especiallytheChinesemainlandandTaiwaninthemiddleofthe20thcenturyduetopoliticalreasons,havelesscommunication,whichhascausedthedifferenceinwordhabits.Thisphenomenonhasbecomemoreobvioussincethe1980sduetodifferencesinscientificandtechnologicalterminology.Moreover,inTaiwanandHongKong,wheretraditionalChineseisalsoused,therearealsosomedifferencesintermsofusagehabits.Therefore,somepeoplepointedoutthatthecorrecttermshouldbe"Taiwanese","HongKong",etc.,ratherthan"TraditionalChinese".
BecauseTaiwanstartedtodevelopChinesecomputersearlierandhasarelativelylargepopulation,the"TraditionalChinese"incomputershasalwaysactuallyreferredtothe"TraditionalChinese"versionofmostsoftwareusedinTaiwanProvince.Taiwaneselanguageandtranslationareused,andthesesoftwaresarealsopopularinHongKong,Macauorothercommunitiesthatusetraditionalcharacters.However,duetotheincreasinguseoftermsinTaiwanandHongKong,manyopensourcesoftware,suchasthetraditionalChineseversionofGNOMEandKDE,havebeensplitintotwoversions,"TaiwanChineseVersion"and"HongKongChineseVersion".Translationterm.
ComparisonbetweentraditionalandsimplifiedChinese
熲——颎
Yun——Yun
鎲/钂——镋
Qi——Qi
Su——Su
Car——Car
Jia——Jia
Turtle——Turtle
Lazy——Lazy
Lei——Lei
Luo——Luo
Le——Le
Luo——Luo
Chaos——Chaos
Column——Column
Rotten——Rotten
Lan——Lan
Luan——Lan
Lan——Lan
Overdose
Blue——Blue
Lime——Latin
La——La:La(xī),driedmeat,LiuZongyuan’s"SnakeCatcher"mentionedthat“itisthebait”inLiuZongyuan’s"SnakeCatcher".La(là),theDecemberofthelunarcalendar,isthemeatmarinatedinthetwelfthlunarmonth,sothemeat(xī)andthemeat(là)arenotthesamekindofmeat.Sincethe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"merged"La"and"La"into"La","La"becameapolyphoniccharacter,and"La"(xī)meatand"La"(là)meatarebothwrittenas"LaRou".
Wax——wax:wax,thatis,maggot;alsopronouncedzhà,thenameofancientsacrifice.Wax,akindofgrease,candle.The"SimplifiedCharactersList"combinesthetwocharacterswaxandwaxinto"wax".
Come——Come
Labor——Labor
Furnace——Furnace
Lu——Lu
Lu-Lu
Captive-Captive
Lu-Lu
Lu-Lu
Lu-Lu
Ye——Ye:"Ye"and"Ye"areoriginallytwodifferentcharacters,andtheyarepronounceddifferentlyinMandarin."Ye"ispronouncedxié,whichisthesameas"Xie",withwordssuchas"YeYun"."Ye"ispronouncedyè,whichisapictophoneticcharacter,andCongJiaoCong枼(yè)isthe"leaf"of"leaf".However,duetothesimilarpronunciationofthetwocharactersinancientpronunciationandWudialect,QianXuantongproposedtomerge"Ye"and"Ye"into"Ye"inthe"GuoyuMonthly·ChineseCharacterReformNumber"publishedin1922.The"SimplifiedCharactersList"borrowedfromthisusageandsimplified"Ye"to"Ye",so"Ye"becameapolyphoniccharacter,and"Ye"with"YeYun"stillpronouncedxié.
Kill——Kill
Two——Two
Food——Food
Forgiveness——Forgiveness
Encouragement——Encouragement
Lu——Lu
Filter——Filter
Strengthen——Strengthen
Lu——Lu
Li——Li
Calendar,Calendar——Use[Calendar]whenusedtoexpresscalendar,suchas[Calendar].[History]
Love——Lian
Lian——Lian
Lian——Lian
Lian——Lian
Say——Say
殓——殓
Hunting——Hunting("SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"combinesthetwocharactershuntingandhuntinginto"hunting".Huntingxī,thereisabear-shapedmonsternamed"Hunting"in"Shanhaijing·TheGreatWildernessNorthernClassic",whichiswrittenas"Hunting"insimplifiedformandpronouncedasxīliè).
Ning——Ning
Ling——Ling
Ying——Ying
Ling——Ling
Li,Li,Li——Li:LiandLiwereoriginallytwodifferentcharacters,andthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"wasmergedinto"Li".Li:hometown,kilometers,milestones.Li:Inside;"Guofeng·Beifeng·GreenClothes":"GreenClothesandYellowLi","ZuoZhuan·Twenty-eightYearsofGongXi":"MountainsandRiversinTablesandLis."
Ling——Ling
Lead——Lead
Li——Li
Li——Li
Evil——Evil
Liao——Liao
谳——谳
Liu——Liu
New——New
Class——Class
Lu——Lu
Lun——Lun
Lun——Lun
Round——Round
Li——Li
Scale——Scale
Pro—Pro
Shape——Shape
Knowledge——Knowledge
p>Radiation——Radiation
See——See
Rice——Rice
Feed——Feed
Gallery——Library
Crane——Crane
TraditionalSimplifiedConversion
MicrosoftWord,Excel’sSimplifiedTraditionalConversionFunctionandGoogleTranslateinSimplifiedChineseandTraditionalChineseChineseisthetranslationofthetargetlanguage.Amongthem,theconversionqualityofMicrosoftWordisrelativelygood,andmanyrevisionshavebeenmade.However,alargenumberofunrevisedareasthatdonotconformtotheexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguagecanstillbefoundintheconversionresults.TherevisionsinGoogleTranslatearelimitedtorevisionsatthewordlevel,suchasInSimplifiedChinese,"hair"and"discover"areoneword,butintraditionalChinesetheyaredifferent.Googlehasmadeappropriateamendmentstomostofthesesituations.
Programmingconversion-VisualBasic.NET
SubMain()
Console.WriteLine("Pleaseenteraparagraphoftext:")
DimstrtextAsString=Console.ReadLine
Ifstrtext<>""Then
DimstrSimplifiedAsString=StrConvstrtext,VbStrConv.SimplifiedChinese).ToString
DimstrTraditionalAsString=StrConv(strtext,VbStrConv.TraditionalChinese).ToString
Console.WriteLine("ConverttoSimplified:"&strSimplified)
Console.WriteLine("ConverttoTraditionalChinese:"&strTraditionalChinese)
Console.ReadLine()
Else
ExitSub
EndIf
EndSub
Impactchanges
Usage
WhentheUnitedNationswasestablishedin1945,accordingtothe"UnitedNationsCharter",ChineseandEnglish,French,RussianandSpanisharetheofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNations.In1973,ChinesewasagaindesignatedastheworkinglanguageoftheUnitedNations.AfterthePeople’sRepublicofChinaregaineditslegalseatintheUnitedNationsinthe1970s,theofficialChinesedocumentsoftheUnitedNationshavebeen"automatically"changedfromtraditionalcharacterstosimplifiedcharacters,andonlytheoriginalhistoricaldocumentsremainintraditionalcharacters.
Becausetraditionalcharactershaveahistoryofthousandsofyears,theyarestillinfluentialnotonlyinChina,butalsoinChina'sneighboringcountries.ThecomplementarityofsimplifiedandtraditionalChinesecharactersistheevolutionarylawofChinesecharacters.TheancientChinesecharactersweknowareOracle,anditsstrokesarethesimplest.However,intheShangandZhouDynasties,manycharactersoftheinscriptionswerecomplicated.Qin'sXiaozhuanwasmorecomplicatedthanthecharactersoftheSixKingdoms,andthelaterofficialscriptsshowedatrendofsimplification.Later,theTangKai'scomplexandsimplifiedcharactersfinallystabilized.SomecountriesintheworldthatuseChinesecharactershavealsosimplifiedChinesecharacters.Forexample,Japanhaslonghaditsownsimplifiedcharacters(newJapanesefonts),andnewfontsaremainlyusedindailylifeinJapan,buttheJapanesegovernmenthasnotannouncedtheabolitionoftheoldfonts.Inmanyoccasionssuchaspropernouns,theoldfontscanstillbeused.TheMinistryofEducationofSingaporeissuedthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"in1969andbegantoformallyimplementsimplifiedChinesecharacters.Ofcourse,traditionalcharactersalsohavetheirirreplaceablestatus,suchasincalligraphy.Moreimportantly,traditionalcharactersarearecordoftheevolutionofChinesecharacters.Iftraditionalcharactersdisappear,therewillbeamissinglinkintheevolutionchainofChinesecharacters.
In1971,thePeople'sRepublicofChinarestoreditslegalseatintheUnitedNations,therebypromotingsimplifiedcharactersinanall-roundway.TherelevantregulationsoftheUnitedNationsonthelanguageandcharactersusedinacountryalsostipulatethatallregionallanguagesandcharactersarederivedfromthemodernlanguageusedinthecountryandshouldbeconsistent.TraditionalcharactersareusedinHongKong,Macau,andTaiwan.SimplifiedcharactersareusedinMainlandChina,Singapore,Malaysia,etc.TheChinesecommunityinNorthAmericaandtheChinesecommunitiesinSoutheastAsiauseboththetraditionalandsimplifiedmethods.Inaddition,manytraditionalcharactersareusedinJapanandKorea.
Appealforrestoration
Peopleinsomeareashavecalledfortherestorationofsometraditionalcharacterswithpictographicmeanings.TheybelievethattraditionalcharactersaretheessenceaccumulatedbyChineseancestorsoverthousandsofyears.Everycharacteriscreatedaftercarefulconsideration.Therefore,everycharacterhasmeaning.WhensimplifyingChinesecharacters,sometraditionalcharactersthatoriginallyhavemeaningsareused.Simplifiedtoloseitsmeaning,simplifiedcharactersareinferiortotraditionalcharactersinsomeaspects.Studieshavealsopointedoutthatthehumanbrainprocessessquarecharactersasawhole,andsimplifiedcharactersarenobetterthantraditionalcharacters.Itisundeniablethatsometraditionalcharactersaremoreabundantthantheirsimplifiedcharactersintermsofsound,formandmeaning.Weshouldrespectthem,andeveninheritandcarryforwardthem.Forexample,"Qin"meansthatrelativeswanttomeeteachother,whilesimplifiedcharacterscannotexpressthis.emotion.In2019,theMinistryofEducationclearlyrepliedintheletterontheresponsetotheproposalNo.1478(EducationNo.177)ofthesecondmeetingofthe13thNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference.FromtheperspectiveofthestructureofChinesecharacters,theformationofpictophoneticcharactersisthemainmethodofcharacterformation.,IfweonlyunderstandChinesecharactersfromthedirectionofknowingwords,itwilldeviatefromthefactthatChinesecharactersareformed.CriticWangJinyualsobelievesthatifitisplacedinthecurrentglobalcultureandcommunicationsystem,fromtheperspectiveofthebackgroundofthetimesandthecommunicationscience,itwouldbeinappropriatetooveremphasizethispartofthemeaningoftraditionalcharacters.
In2009,atthesecondmeetingoftheEleventhNationalPeople’sCongressofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,PanQinglin,amemberoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference,proposedtorestoretraditionalcharacters.
In2015,duringagroupdiscussionoftheNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference,FengXiaogang,amemberoftheCPPCC(famousdirector),calledfortherestorationoftraditionalcharacters.
In2019,theMinistryofEducationclearlyrepliedintheletterregardingtheresponsetotheproposalNo.1478(EducationNo.177)ofthesecondmeetingofthe13thNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference.ThedevelopmenttrendofChinesecharactersfromcomplextosimplifiedItisveryobviousthatsimplifiedcharactersdevelopedwiththeemergenceofChinesecharacters.
Simplificationofcommonlyusedcharacters
Therearealmost100,000Chinesecharactersintotal.Itisimpossibletosimplifyallofthem.OnlysomecommonlyusedChinesecharacterscanbesimplified,sotherarecharactersthatarenotcommonlyusedremainunchanged.Eventhepartscomposedoftraditionalcharactersarenotsimplified.
Forexample:龘,鱻,rough,灪,爩,飝,齾,钃,麷,鼟,鼒,讟,灥,彚,羴,搻,霙,靏,靇,Ben,巉,淾,鈫,曑,厵,觽,thesecharactersaresomewhatcomplicated,buttheyarenotsimplifiedbecausetheyarenotusedveryoften.