Traditional Chinese

Origin

TraditionalChineseistheChinesewritingsystemproducedbytheevolutionofXiaozhuanintoofficialscript(afterwards,regularscript,runningscript,cursivescriptandothercalligraphy).TherearetwothousandMorethanyearsofhistory,untilthe20thcentury,ithasbeenthecommonChinesewritingstandardamongChinesepeopleeverywhere.Sincethe1950s,theofficialsimplificationsmadebythePeople’sRepublicofChinaonthebasisoftraditionalChinesehaveformedanewstandardforChinesewriting,namelysimplifiedChinese.SimplifiedChineseismainlycomposedofinheritedcharactersandsimplifiedcharactersintroducedbythePeople'sRepublicofChinaafterthe1950s.SimplifiedChineseismainlyusedinMainlandChinaandSoutheastAsia(suchasMalaysiaandSingapore),whiletraditionalChineseismainlyusedinTaiwan,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andMacauSpecialAdministrativeRegion.

Theterm"traditionalcharacter"isonlyusedwhenacharacterhasasimplifiedcharacter.IfaChinesecharacterhasnocorrespondingsimplifiedcharacter,itbelongstothecategoryofinheritedcharacters.However,atcertaintimes,fontscommonlyusedinHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanwillbecollectivelyreferredtoas"traditionalcharacters"or"traditionalChinese";thestandardChinesecharactersofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(includingsimplifiedcharactersandinheritedcharactersthathavenotbeensimplified)willbecollectivelyreferredtoas"traditionalChinese"."SimplifiedChinese"or"SimplifiedChinese",butinfact,thedifferencebetweenthissystemandthecharactersystemsofTaiwanProvince,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegion,inadditiontothedifferencesbetweensimplifiedandtraditionalChinesecharacters,isalsolargelyduetothechoiceofdifferentvariantsandThedifferenceintheshapeofthecharacters,so"SimplifiedChinese"maynothavefewerstrokes;somestrokesaremorethantheformer,suchas"强".Affectedbywritinghabits,themergerofsomeChinesecharactershasalsoappearedinTaiwan,butthesubstitutedcharactercanstillbeusedasavariant,andonlyoneofthecharactersofthecharacterhasbeenreplaced.

InthehistoryofChina,fromancienttimestotheWesternHanDynasty,thereweresignificantdifferencesbetweentheofficialstandardfontsandthemoderntraditionalfonts.ItwasnotuntiltheappearanceoftheofficialscriptthatprevailedintheEasternHanDynastyintheQinDynastythatitwasclosertothemoderntraditionalfonts.ThestandardChinesecharactersissuedbythecourtsofthepastdynastiesthroughthecompilationofthe"BookofCharacters"haveofficialauthoritycomparedtovarioussimplifiedcharactersusedspontaneouslybythepeople.However,thejadesealsandofficialsealsofalllevelsusedintheQinDynastystillusesealscript.MainlandChinabegantoformulateandimplementsimplifiedcharactersin1956.Sincethen,simplifiedcharactershavebecomestandardChinesecharactersinmainlandChina.TraditionalcharactersaretraditionalChinesecharactersasopposedtosimplifiedcharacters.

InAugust1935,theMinistryofEducationoftheNationalistGovernmentannouncedthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList",whichincluded324popularcharacters,ancientcharactersandcursivecharactersmostwidelyspreadamongthepeople.However,duetocontroversy,the"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList"waswithdrawninFebruaryofthefollowingyear.Thetwoexplanationsofthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList"areasfollows:"1.Writing,differentfromthetraditionalcharacters,canreplacethetraditionalcharacters;2.Thesimplifiedcharacterslistedinthistableincludepopularcharacters,ancientcharacters,cursivescript,etc."

SimplifiedcharactersintroducedbytheNationalistGovernmentthatyearManyofthemaresimplifiedcharactersinuse.Simplifiedcharactersarethenamesusedinthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedCharactersList"oftheRepublicofChina,whichhasagreatinfluence.Existingworddictionary.Chinesefolksgenerallyrefertosimplifiedcharactersassimplifiedcharacters.Atfirstglance,simplifiedcharactersaresimplifiedinfontimage.

Officialscriptisasimplificationofsealscript,cursivescriptandrunningscriptaresimplificationsofofficialscript,simplifiedcharactersaresimplificationsofregularscript,butitisnotageneraltrendforChinesecharacterstochangefromcomplextosimpleinthelong-termhistoricaldevelopment.SealscriptisnotOraclebonescript.Simplification,regularscriptisnotasimplificationofofficialscript.Inordertomakethewritingmoreclearlyrecordthelanguage,peopleusemoreglyphstosharetherecordingfunctionofthewriting,resultinginalargenumberofdifferentiatedcharacters.Thereduced-strokecharactersinregularscripthaveappearedintheSouthernandNorthernDynasties(4thto6thcenturies),andgraduallyincreasedaftertheTangandSongDynasties.Theyaremostlycommonlyusedcharacterswithmorestrokes.Mostofthesecharactersareinfluencedbycursiveandrunningscript.simplified.Inaddition,thereisatypeofsimplifiedcharacterswheretwoorthreestrokesofsimplesymbolsareusedtoreplacecomplexparts.Forexample,Shu,Opera,Difficulty,Huan,Dui,Xu(Guan),Liu,Hu(Qi),Qiao,Feng,District,Ying,Xing,Lian,Shi,Luo,Sui,Guan(Guan).Thesearethefolkcharactersthathavebeenpopularforalongtime.Thesimplifiedcharactersusedarefurthersortedandimprovedonthebasisoftheexistingpopularcharacters,ancientcharacters,andcursivescriptsinthepreviousgeneration,andmanycharactersaremergedintoanothercharacter(tongjia)whentheyaresimplified.Therearethreetypesofspecificsituations:

Oneistouseexistingsimplewordstoreplacecomplexwords,suchas"后"(皇后,皇天后土)insteadof"后"(behind),"Li"(suchashometown,kilometers,milestones)Insteadof"in"(eg:inside).

Thesecondistoreplacetwoormorewordswithanewsimplifiedcharacter,suchas"发"and"发"in"hair"and"facai"aresimplifiedto"发".

Thethirdispartialmerging,thatis,thepartialmeaningofawordisloadedontoanothersimplestroke,andtheothermeaningsofthewordarestillreserved,suchas:"borrow"ofexcusesandrelianceissimplifiedto"borrow",Theborrowingofcomfortandmessisstillusedas"borrowing";whenreadingliǎo(understanding),itisabbreviatedas"lai",whenreadingliào(lookout),itis"lai",notsimplyas"le";QiankunandQianlong's"dry""Qian"(former)isnotsimplifiedas"gan";"Zheng"inGongShangjiaoZhengyuispronouncedzhǐ(止),notsimplifiedas"征".

Thesethreemethodssometimesmergecharactersthatareirrelevantinsourceandmeaning,evenindifferentpronunciations,andhaveneverbeenorrarelyusedinhistory.Asaresult,theancientswere"renamed"andeasytomakemistakes.Reading,forexample:TangDezongLiShi’s"fit"(kuò)islikelytobemisinterpretedasshì,whichisconfusedwiththepoetGaoShi’s"fit"(shì);the"zheng"ofWenZhengmingandWeiZhengissometimesoversimplified"Zheng";the"shu"(zhú)ofthetraditionalChinesemedicineBaizhuislikelytobemisinterpretedasshù;the"ye"(xié)of"YeYun"islikelytobemisinterpretedasyè;The"fa"in"cai"isoftenmisreadasfā.

OracleboneinscriptionsaretheoldestmaturescriptinChina.Fromoracleboneinscriptions,bronzeinscriptions,largesealtosmallseal,thefontsgraduallybecomemainlylinesymbols,andtheglyphsaregraduallyfixed.

SincetheSouthernandNorthernDynasties,therehavebeenvulgarcharacterswithfewerstrokes.Forexample,thevulgarword"Liu"hasappearedintheexistingYuanDynastyblock-printed"WaterMargin".

ThesimplificationofChinesecharactersinmoderntimescanbetracedbacktothefoundingofthe"EducationMagazine"in1909(thefirstyearofXuantongintheQingDynasty).LuFeikuipublishedanarticleinhisinauguralissue,"GeneralEducationShouldUseVulgarCharacters."OnFebruary1,1920,QianXuantongpublished"ProposaltoReducetheStrokesofChineseCharacters"in"NewYouth".In1922,QianXuanandhiscolleaguesputforwardeightsimplificationprinciplesforChinesecharacters.

OnAugust21,1935,theMinistryofEducationoftheRepublicofChinagovernmentpromulgatedthe"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList."Collected324words.

InFebruary1936,the"FirstBatchofSimplifiedChineseCharactersList"wassuspendedbyageneralorder.

OnJanuary28,1956,theStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaapprovedthe"ChineseCharacterSimplificationPlan."ThepopularsimplifiedChinesecharacters(simplifiedcharacters)arebasicallybasedonthis.Therearecurrently2,235simplifiedcharactersrecognizedbythegovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.

Chinesecharactersareoneoftheoldestwritingsystemsintheworld.ThesacredcharactersofancientEgypt,thecuneiformwritingoftheSumeriansoftheMesopotamiahavebeenlost,andChinesecharactersarestillinuse.Moreover,Chinesecharactersarethemostwidelyusedcharactersintheworld.

Atthesametime,Chinesecharactersarealsotheobjectofaesthetics.Inthousandsofyearsofdevelopment,variousfontssuchasoracleboneinscriptions,bronzeinscriptions,sealscript,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,andrunningscripthavebeencreated,andtheartofcalligraphy,TheartofsealcuttingandthegameofinterpretingcharacterspromotedtheartoftraditionalChinesepaintingandgavepeopleagreataestheticandspiritualenjoyment,thusleavinganaestheticimageinpeople'sminds.

TraditionalChineseisusedinHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,MacauSpecialAdministrativeRegion,Taiwan,Japan,SouthKoreaandotherplaces.

Simplification

Principles

Theprincipleofsimplificationoftraditionalcharactersintosimplifiedcharactersis:"statementwithoutwriting","conventionalconventions,steadyprogress",thatistosay,trytouseThesimplifiedcharactersthathavebeenpopularamongthepeopleforalongtimewillonlybecollected,sortedandmodifiedasnecessary,andsimplifiedinaccordancewiththeprincipleof"conventionalpractice,steadyprogress".Itincludestwoaspects:oneistosimplifythenumberofcharacters,andtoabolishthehomophonic,synonymous,butdifferentformsofvariants.In1955,theMinistryofCultureandtheCharacterReformCommissionpublishedthe"FirstBatchofVariantCharactersSortingTable",whichabolished1,055variantcharacters.Thesecondistoreducestrokes.In1964,theChineseCharacterReformCommission,theMinistryofCulture,andtheMinistryofEducationpublishedthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList".Therewere2,238simplifiedChinesecharacters.ThetraditionalChinesecharacterswithanaverageof16to19strokespercharacterweresimplifiedtoanaverageof8to11strokespercharacter.Character.

The"SimplifiedCharactersList"containsatotalof2274simplifiedcharactersand14simplifiedradicalssuchas[訁],饣[飠],纟[糹],钅[釒],manyofwhichcomefromcursivescriptThecommoncharacters,variantcharacters,ancientcharacters,andphonycharacterswithsimplestrokesinKaihuaandliterature,andothercharactersarecreatedbycontemporarypeople.The"GeneralStandardChineseCharactersTable"implementslimitedanalogysimplification,thatis,allthetraditionalcharactersincludedinthecharactertablearesimplifiedbasedontheprinciplesstipulatedinthe"SimplifiedChineseCharacterList",suchas"骦,骕,鸘,鹔"respectivelysimplifiedItis"snacks,swans,wands,wands".Thewordsoutsidethewordlistarenolongersimplifiedbyanalogy,forexample,"驡"isnotsimplifiedbyanalogyto"long+horse".

Alargenumberof"vulgarcharacters"appearedasearlyastheSongandYuandynasties.YanYuansun's"GanLuZishu",QianXuantong's"SimplifiedChineseCharacters"(1935),etc.havebeensortedout..Inthe1920sand1930s,theNationalGovernmentatthetimepublishedthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList".Duetocontroversy,thisplanwasnotimplemented.Inthe1950s,thenewChinesegovernmentannouncedsimplifiedcharactersinstagesandpromotedthemacrossthemainland.ThereweretwosimplifiedChinesecharactersinthe1970s.Forexample,theword"zhan"wasreducedto"corpse"with"一"underneath.Thetwosimplifiedcharacterswerelaterabolished.Taiwan,HongKong,andMacaudidnotsimplifyChinesecharacters.

Methods

TherearesixwaystosimplifyChinesecharacters.Thefirstistoreplacetheradicals,thesecondistodeleteparts,thethirdistoreplacewithhomophones,thefourthistotransformall,thefifthistosimplifyandanalogize,andthesixthistomakecursivescripts.Thefinalversionofthe"SimplifiedCharactersList"wasrevisedin1986.Itcontainsatotalof2,274simplifiedcharactersand14simplifiedradicals:thefirsttablecontains350simplifiedcharactersthatcannotbeusedassimplifiedradicals,andthesecondtablecanbeusedassimplifiedradicals.132simplifiedcharactersusedand14simplifiedradicalssuchas[訁],饣[飠],纟[糹],钅[釒],etc.Thethirdtablecontains1,753simplifiedcharactersbyanalogy,andthe"Appendix"collectionhabitsareregardedasThereare39standardizedChinesecharactersforsimplifiedcharacters,andthe"Explanation"mentionsout-of-listcharacters"Wherethesimplifiedcharactersorsimplifiedradicalsinthesecondtableareusedasradicals,theyshouldgenerallybesimplifiedinthesameway."

In1986,adjustmentsweremadetoindividualcharactersintheoriginal"GeneralListofSimplifiedChineseCharacters":"Die","Fu",and"Xiang"werenolongerusedas"Die","复"and"TraditionalChinesecharacterprocessingof"Xiang".Therefore,inthefirsttable,"die〔fold〕"and"象〔像〕"aredeleted,andthetraditionalcharacter(cover)isdeletedundertheprefixoftheword"复".Whentheword"了"ispronounced"liǎo"(understand),itisstillabbreviatedas"了",whenitispronounced"liào"(瞭望),itismade"了"insteadof"了".Somesimplifiedcharactershavespecialcircumstances.Appropriateannotationshavebeenaddedtothe"SimplifiedCharactersList".Forexample,"gan"isasimplifiedwordfor"乾"(gān),butthe"乾"(qián)of"qiankun"isnotsimplified;and"Yu"in"longsigh"isstillpronouncedxū;CircumstancesareoftenpresentinChinesecharacters.Iftheyarenotwrittenout,itwilleasilycausemisunderstandings.Anotherexampleistouse"Yu"toreplace"Yu"and"Fu"toreplace"Fu".Althoughthemassesareusedtoit,insomecasesitisnotsuitableandneedstobedifferentiated.Anotherexampleisthedifferencebetween"Me"and"幺"("Me"wasoriginallyavulgarformof"幺"andlaterbecameasimplifiedwordfor"Me"),howmanystrokesofthesimplifiedChinesecharacterfor"马",andsoon.

Therearethreemainsimplificationsinthe"SimplifiedCharactersList":

Oneisthe"simplification"ofthevulgarstrokes,suchas"guan","bei"and"guan".",""Quality","Total","Donkey","Iron","Clock","Following","Jue","Chicken","Luan","Cast","Gull","Gu",Simplifiedwordssuchas"ba"and"钻"arederivedfrom"覌","俻","关","貭","Zong","馿","鉄","鈡","継","覚"",""鳮","鵉","鋳","鴎","頋","垻","钻"andotherpopularcharactersevolved.

Thesecondtypeis"provincialchange",whichmostlyevolvedfromcursivescript,suchas讠[訁],饣[飠],纟[糹],钅[釒]andalsosee,page,Bei,Che,Dong,Ma,Yu,Gu,Dang,Wei,Shu,Chang,Men,Niao,Wu,Zhuan,Jian,Wei,Shou,Huiandothersimplifiedcharactersbyanalogy.Thecharacter"糸"isaradicalcharacter.Whenitisusedastheleftside,thefontcommonlyusedinHongKongandTaiwanischangedto"幺"withthreedotsunderittochangeto"糹",andthesimplifiedformofthemainlandis"纟".TheoriginalmeaningsofItobeChinesecharactersareallrelatedtosilkthread,textileandcloth,suchas"silk","line","warp","tie","wen","fun","twist","tie","tight","Xu","Tired","Complex","Disorder","Purple"andsoon.Incursivescript,thereistheformofwritingnextto"纟",sothecharacterswith"糹"nexttoitareallexpressedinsimplifiedform"纟".Note:Thewords,food,糸,andgoldaregenerallysimplifiedwhentheyareonlyusedastheleftside.Ingeneral,讠,鮣,纟,and钅canonlybeusedfortheleftside("argument","punishment","braid","silk","title"""andotherwordsarealsosimplified,but"faith","oath","xie","飧","meal","line","xu","purple","gan","鎜","鏖","Xin"andotherwordsarenotsimplified).

Thethirdtypeistoreplacewithhomophonesornear-soundingcharacters,suchasthe"Yu"of"Daoyu"andthe"谷"of"Shandong",whichareoriginallytwocharacters,butinordertoomitthestrokes,theyareunifiedReplacedwith"valley"withfewstrokes.

Encoding

TraditionalChinesehasgenerallyusedBig5Chineseencodingsincethe1980s.TheChinesemainlandusestheGB2312nationalstandardsimplifiedChinesecode.TheBureauofStandardsofTaiwanProvincehaspublishedanofficialcodecalledCNS11643,butithasnotbeenwidelyadopted.

WiththeemergenceoftheUnicodecross-languageencodingset,Unicodecannotonlyexpresstraditionalandsimplifiedcharactersatthesametime,butalsoexpressJapanese,KoreanandotherChinesecharacterencodingsatthesametime.BecauseUnicodeissharedbyallcomputercompaniessuchasMicrosoft,Apple,IBM,etc.Support,soitiswidelyadoptedworldwide.

MainlandChinahasalsoimplementedasetofGBKnationalstandardcodes.ThissetofcodesaddstraditionalChinese,JapaneseandKoreancodesonthebasisofthepreviousGB2312nationalstandardsimplifiedChinesecodes.IthasbeenusedinTaiwanandotherregions.Promoteuse.

Use

OnJanuary28,1956,theStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaissuedthe"ResolutiononPromulgatingthePlanforSimplificationofChineseCharacters".Teaching,research,publishing,culture,commerceandotherfieldsandcertaingroupsofpeoplestillhavelearninganduseneeds.Ithasvalueinancienthistoryandcultureresearch,calligraphyartcreationandotherfields.ItisstillthemainbodyinHongKong,Macao,TaiwanandoverseasChinesecommunities.Usewords.

In2001,the"LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaontheCommonLanguageandCharactersofthePeople'sRepublicofChina",whichcameintoeffect,clearlystipulatedthatthecountryshouldimplementstandardizedChinesecharacters,anditalsoclarifiedthescopeoftraditionalChinesecharactersthatcanbereservedorused:

(1)Culturalrelicsandhistoricalsites;

(2)Variantcharactersinsurnames;

(3)Calligraphy,sealcuttingandotherartisticworks;

(4)InscriptionsandSignboardhandwrittencharacters;

(5)Needtobeusedinpublishing,teaching,andresearch;

(6)SpecialcircumstancesapprovedbyrelevantdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil.

TheareaswheretraditionalcharactersareusedaremainlyTaiwan,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,andMacauSpecialAdministrativeRegion.ThestandardsoftheTaiwanregionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaare"Commonly-usedChineseCharactersStandardFontTable","SecondlyCommonly-usedChineseCharactersStandardFontTable"and"Rarely-usedFontsTable".TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofChinaisbasedonthe"CommonlyUsedChineseCharactersGlyphTable".

ThemostcommonlyusedTraditionalChinesecodeistheBig5code,whichwasformulatedbyTaiwan.SincemanycharacterscommonlyusedinHongKonghavenotbeenincluded,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernmenthasformulatedasupplementaryplan(HKSCS),butBoththestandardBig5andHKSCShavebeenincludedinUnicodeandGBK.

WhenpublishingtraditionalChineseprintsinthemainland,mostofthenewfontsofSongtypeareused.Thetraditionalcharactersincludedinthe"GeneralListofSimplifiedChineseCharacters"and"GeneralStandardChineseCharactersTable"areallincludedinthe"ComparisonTableofStandardCharactersandTraditionalChineseCharacters"ItisanewfontofSongTi,whichisdifferentfromthetraditionaloldfontofSongTi,andissomewhatdifferentfromthefontusedinHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan(Note:Actually“SongTi”isamisnomerfor“MingTi”).Inaddition,theNationalPeople’sCongressofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaenactedthe“LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaontheCommonLanguageandCharactersofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”topromotestandardizedChinesecharacters.ApprovedbytheStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,the"ChineseCharacterSimplificationPlan"wasannounced,indicatingthatthecurrentstandardizedChinesecharactersaresimplifiedcharactersandinheritedcharacters.

Differencesandcomparisons

DifferencesbetweenTraditionalChineseandSimplifiedChinese

InadditiontothedifferencesintheshapeofChinesecharacters,therearedifferencesinvocabularybetweenTraditionalChineseandSimplifiedChinese.Forexample,the"ball-pointpen"commonlyusedinsimplifiedChineseiscalled"ballpen"intraditionalChinese,"stalin"insimplifiedChineseiscalled"stalin"intraditionalChinese,and"Korean"insimplifiedChinese(herereferstoNorthKorea).TheDemocraticPeople’sRepublic,alsoknownasNorthKorea)iscalled"NorthKorea"inTraditionalChinese,"Sydney"inSimplifiedChineseiscalled"Sydney"inTraditionalChinese,and"Yogurt"inSimplifiedChineseisinTraditionalChineseKnownas"yogurt"andsoon.Becauseofthisdifference,theterm"TraditionalChinese"cameintobeing.Butinfact,thisisnotthedifferencebetweenthetraditionalandsimplifiedChineseitself,butmainlybecausethepeoplewhousethetwo,especiallytheChinesemainlandandTaiwaninthemiddleofthe20thcenturyduetopoliticalreasons,havelesscommunication,whichhascausedthedifferenceinwordhabits.Thisphenomenonhasbecomemoreobvioussincethe1980sduetodifferencesinscientificandtechnologicalterminology.Moreover,inTaiwanandHongKong,wheretraditionalChineseisalsoused,therearealsosomedifferencesintermsofusagehabits.Therefore,somepeoplepointedoutthatthecorrecttermshouldbe"Taiwanese","HongKong",etc.,ratherthan"TraditionalChinese".

BecauseTaiwanstartedtodevelopChinesecomputersearlierandhasarelativelylargepopulation,the"TraditionalChinese"incomputershasalwaysactuallyreferredtothe"TraditionalChinese"versionofmostsoftwareusedinTaiwanProvince.Taiwaneselanguageandtranslationareused,andthesesoftwaresarealsopopularinHongKong,Macauorothercommunitiesthatusetraditionalcharacters.However,duetotheincreasinguseoftermsinTaiwanandHongKong,manyopensourcesoftware,suchasthetraditionalChineseversionofGNOMEandKDE,havebeensplitintotwoversions,"TaiwanChineseVersion"and"HongKongChineseVersion".Translationterm.

ComparisonbetweentraditionalandsimplifiedChinese

熲——颎

Yun——Yun

鎲/钂——镋

Qi——Qi

Su——Su

Car——Car

Jia——Jia

Turtle——Turtle

Lazy——Lazy

Lei——Lei

Luo——Luo

Le——Le

Luo——Luo

Chaos——Chaos

Column——Column

Rotten——Rotten

Lan——Lan

Luan——Lan

Lan——Lan

Overdose

Blue——Blue

Lime——Latin

La——La:La(xī),driedmeat,LiuZongyuan’s"SnakeCatcher"mentionedthat“itisthebait”inLiuZongyuan’s"SnakeCatcher".La(là),theDecemberofthelunarcalendar,isthemeatmarinatedinthetwelfthlunarmonth,sothemeat(xī)andthemeat(là)arenotthesamekindofmeat.Sincethe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"merged"La"and"La"into"La","La"becameapolyphoniccharacter,and"La"(xī)meatand"La"(là)meatarebothwrittenas"LaRou".

Wax——wax:wax,thatis,maggot;alsopronouncedzhà,thenameofancientsacrifice.Wax,akindofgrease,candle.The"SimplifiedCharactersList"combinesthetwocharacterswaxandwaxinto"wax".

Come——Come

Labor——Labor

Furnace——Furnace

Lu——Lu

Lu-Lu

Captive-Captive

Lu-Lu

Lu-Lu

Lu-Lu

Ye——Ye:"Ye"and"Ye"areoriginallytwodifferentcharacters,andtheyarepronounceddifferentlyinMandarin."Ye"ispronouncedxié,whichisthesameas"Xie",withwordssuchas"YeYun"."Ye"ispronouncedyè,whichisapictophoneticcharacter,andCongJiaoCong枼(yè)isthe"leaf"of"leaf".However,duetothesimilarpronunciationofthetwocharactersinancientpronunciationandWudialect,QianXuantongproposedtomerge"Ye"and"Ye"into"Ye"inthe"GuoyuMonthly·ChineseCharacterReformNumber"publishedin1922.The"SimplifiedCharactersList"borrowedfromthisusageandsimplified"Ye"to"Ye",so"Ye"becameapolyphoniccharacter,and"Ye"with"YeYun"stillpronouncedxié.

Kill——Kill

Two——Two

Food——Food

Forgiveness——Forgiveness

Encouragement——Encouragement

Lu——Lu

Filter——Filter

Strengthen——Strengthen

Lu——Lu

Li——Li

Calendar,Calendar——Use[Calendar]whenusedtoexpresscalendar,suchas[Calendar].[History]

Love——Lian

Lian——Lian

Lian——Lian

Lian——Lian

Say——Say

殓——殓

Hunting——Hunting("SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"combinesthetwocharactershuntingandhuntinginto"hunting".Huntingxī,thereisabear-shapedmonsternamed"Hunting"in"Shanhaijing·TheGreatWildernessNorthernClassic",whichiswrittenas"Hunting"insimplifiedformandpronouncedasxīliè).

Ning——Ning

Ling——Ling

Ying——Ying

Ling——Ling

Li,Li,Li——Li:LiandLiwereoriginallytwodifferentcharacters,andthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"wasmergedinto"Li".Li:hometown,kilometers,milestones.Li:Inside;"Guofeng·Beifeng·GreenClothes":"GreenClothesandYellowLi","ZuoZhuan·Twenty-eightYearsofGongXi":"MountainsandRiversinTablesandLis."

Ling——Ling

Lead——Lead

Li——Li

Li——Li

Evil——Evil

Liao——Liao

谳——谳

Liu——Liu

New——New

Class——Class

Lu——Lu

Lun——Lun

Lun——Lun

Round——Round

Li——Li

Scale——Scale

Pro—Pro

Shape——Shape

Knowledge——Knowledge

Radiation——Radiation

See——See

Rice——Rice

Feed——Feed

Gallery——Library

Crane——Crane

TraditionalSimplifiedConversion

MicrosoftWord,Excel’sSimplifiedTraditionalConversionFunctionandGoogleTranslateinSimplifiedChineseandTraditionalChineseChineseisthetranslationofthetargetlanguage.Amongthem,theconversionqualityofMicrosoftWordisrelativelygood,andmanyrevisionshavebeenmade.However,alargenumberofunrevisedareasthatdonotconformtotheexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguagecanstillbefoundintheconversionresults.TherevisionsinGoogleTranslatearelimitedtorevisionsatthewordlevel,suchasInSimplifiedChinese,"hair"and"discover"areoneword,butintraditionalChinesetheyaredifferent.Googlehasmadeappropriateamendmentstomostofthesesituations.

Programmingconversion-VisualBasic.NET

SubMain()

Console.WriteLine("Pleaseenteraparagraphoftext:")

DimstrtextAsString=Console.ReadLine

Ifstrtext<>""Then

DimstrSimplifiedAsString=StrConvstrtext,VbStrConv.SimplifiedChinese).ToString

DimstrTraditionalAsString=StrConv(strtext,VbStrConv.TraditionalChinese).ToString

Console.WriteLine("ConverttoSimplified:"&strSimplified)

Console.WriteLine("ConverttoTraditionalChinese:"&strTraditionalChinese)

Console.ReadLine()

Else

ExitSub

EndIf

EndSub

Impactchanges

Usage

WhentheUnitedNationswasestablishedin1945,accordingtothe"UnitedNationsCharter",ChineseandEnglish,French,RussianandSpanisharetheofficiallanguages​​oftheUnitedNations.In1973,ChinesewasagaindesignatedastheworkinglanguageoftheUnitedNations.AfterthePeople’sRepublicofChinaregaineditslegalseatintheUnitedNationsinthe1970s,theofficialChinesedocumentsoftheUnitedNationshavebeen"automatically"changedfromtraditionalcharacterstosimplifiedcharacters,andonlytheoriginalhistoricaldocumentsremainintraditionalcharacters.

Becausetraditionalcharactershaveahistoryofthousandsofyears,theyarestillinfluentialnotonlyinChina,butalsoinChina'sneighboringcountries.ThecomplementarityofsimplifiedandtraditionalChinesecharactersistheevolutionarylawofChinesecharacters.TheancientChinesecharactersweknowareOracle,anditsstrokesarethesimplest.However,intheShangandZhouDynasties,manycharactersoftheinscriptionswerecomplicated.Qin'sXiaozhuanwasmorecomplicatedthanthecharactersoftheSixKingdoms,andthelaterofficialscriptsshowedatrendofsimplification.Later,theTangKai'scomplexandsimplifiedcharactersfinallystabilized.SomecountriesintheworldthatuseChinesecharactershavealsosimplifiedChinesecharacters.Forexample,Japanhaslonghaditsownsimplifiedcharacters(newJapanesefonts),andnewfontsaremainlyusedindailylifeinJapan,buttheJapanesegovernmenthasnotannouncedtheabolitionoftheoldfonts.Inmanyoccasionssuchaspropernouns,theoldfontscanstillbeused.TheMinistryofEducationofSingaporeissuedthe"SimplifiedChineseCharactersList"in1969andbegantoformallyimplementsimplifiedChinesecharacters.Ofcourse,traditionalcharactersalsohavetheirirreplaceablestatus,suchasincalligraphy.Moreimportantly,traditionalcharactersarearecordoftheevolutionofChinesecharacters.Iftraditionalcharactersdisappear,therewillbeamissinglinkintheevolutionchainofChinesecharacters.

In1971,thePeople'sRepublicofChinarestoreditslegalseatintheUnitedNations,therebypromotingsimplifiedcharactersinanall-roundway.TherelevantregulationsoftheUnitedNationsonthelanguageandcharactersusedinacountryalsostipulatethatallregionallanguages​​andcharactersarederivedfromthemodernlanguageusedinthecountryandshouldbeconsistent.TraditionalcharactersareusedinHongKong,Macau,andTaiwan.SimplifiedcharactersareusedinMainlandChina,Singapore,Malaysia,etc.TheChinesecommunityinNorthAmericaandtheChinesecommunitiesinSoutheastAsiauseboththetraditionalandsimplifiedmethods.Inaddition,manytraditionalcharactersareusedinJapanandKorea.

Appealforrestoration

Peopleinsomeareashavecalledfortherestorationofsometraditionalcharacterswithpictographicmeanings.TheybelievethattraditionalcharactersaretheessenceaccumulatedbyChineseancestorsoverthousandsofyears.Everycharacteriscreatedaftercarefulconsideration.Therefore,everycharacterhasmeaning.WhensimplifyingChinesecharacters,sometraditionalcharactersthatoriginallyhavemeaningsareused.Simplifiedtoloseitsmeaning,simplifiedcharactersareinferiortotraditionalcharactersinsomeaspects.Studieshavealsopointedoutthatthehumanbrainprocessessquarecharactersasawhole,andsimplifiedcharactersarenobetterthantraditionalcharacters.Itisundeniablethatsometraditionalcharactersaremoreabundantthantheirsimplifiedcharactersintermsofsound,formandmeaning.Weshouldrespectthem,andeveninheritandcarryforwardthem.Forexample,"Qin"meansthatrelativeswanttomeeteachother,whilesimplifiedcharacterscannotexpressthis.emotion.In2019,theMinistryofEducationclearlyrepliedintheletterontheresponsetotheproposalNo.1478(EducationNo.177)ofthesecondmeetingofthe13thNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference.FromtheperspectiveofthestructureofChinesecharacters,theformationofpictophoneticcharactersisthemainmethodofcharacterformation.,IfweonlyunderstandChinesecharactersfromthedirectionofknowingwords,itwilldeviatefromthefactthatChinesecharactersareformed.CriticWangJinyualsobelievesthatifitisplacedinthecurrentglobalcultureandcommunicationsystem,fromtheperspectiveofthebackgroundofthetimesandthecommunicationscience,itwouldbeinappropriatetooveremphasizethispartofthemeaningoftraditionalcharacters.

In2009,atthesecondmeetingoftheEleventhNationalPeople’sCongressofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,PanQinglin,amemberoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference,proposedtorestoretraditionalcharacters.

In2015,duringagroupdiscussionoftheNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference,FengXiaogang,amemberoftheCPPCC(famousdirector),calledfortherestorationoftraditionalcharacters.

In2019,theMinistryofEducationclearlyrepliedintheletterregardingtheresponsetotheproposalNo.1478(EducationNo.177)ofthesecondmeetingofthe13thNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference.ThedevelopmenttrendofChinesecharactersfromcomplextosimplifiedItisveryobviousthatsimplifiedcharactersdevelopedwiththeemergenceofChinesecharacters.

Simplificationofcommonlyusedcharacters

Therearealmost100,000Chinesecharactersintotal.Itisimpossibletosimplifyallofthem.OnlysomecommonlyusedChinesecharacterscanbesimplified,sotherarecharactersthatarenotcommonlyusedremainunchanged.Eventhepartscomposedoftraditionalcharactersarenotsimplified.

Forexample:龘,鱻,rough,灪,爩,飝,齾,钃,麷,鼟,鼒,讟,灥,彚,羴,搻,霙,靏,靇,Ben,巉,淾,鈫,曑,厵,觽,thesecharactersaresomewhatcomplicated,buttheyarenotsimplifiedbecausetheyarenotusedveryoften.