Tripitaka - adomain

Tracingthesource

ThecompilationoftheTripitakabeganshortlyafterSakyamuni’sNirvana.Inordertopreservehispreachingandunifytheviewsandunderstandingofthebelievers,thedisciplesgatheredthroughmeetingstoformUnanimouslyrecognizedcontentofclassics,laws,andtheory.Later,"externalTibetanclassics"suchasnotesandexplanationsonsutras,laws,andessayswereadded,whichbecamefourmajorcategoriesofvolumes.AfterthesplitofprimitiveBuddhism,mostofthemajorsectscompiledtheirownTibetanscripturesaccordingtotheirownviews,butonlytheTripitakaofTheravadawasrelativelyintact.TheclassicsofothersectswerebasicallypreservedintheChinesetranslation,exceptforapartoftheChinesetranslation.Dispersedandlost.OnlyafewscatteredBayeuxorpapermanuscriptsoftheearlySanskritscripturesstillexist,anditisdifficulttoseeallthethreeZangs.

Theterm"DazangSutra"wasnotrecordedinancientIndiaorintheearliestperiodofourcountry.IntheSouthernandNorthernDynastiesofourcountry,itwasonlycalled"allclassics"and"allsutras"untilaftertheSuiandTangDynasties.Atthebeginning,therewasthetitleof"Tri-ZangJing",whichatthattimemainlyreferredtoalltheclassicscompiledbytheimperialorder(bytheimperialcourt).ThefirstBuddhistTripitakainmycountrywasthe"KaibaoTripitaka",whichwasinscribedinthefourthyearoftheNorthernSongDynasty,andisabbreviatedas"KaibaoTripitaka".BecausethisengravededitionwasengravedinYizhou,itwascommonlycalledthe"Shuedition";becauseitwasengravedbythecourt,itwasalsocalledthe"NorthernSongDynastyofficialedition."ItistheancestoroftheChinesecarvededitionofTripitakainthepast,andithasaprofoundinfluenceonthetripodTripitakaJinzangandKoryoZanginmycountrysincetheNorthernSongDynasty.UndertheinfluenceoftheChineseTripitaka,theTibetan,Mongolian,andManchuversionsoftheTripitakawerepublished.

Content

ThecontentofTripitakaincludessutras,laws,andessays."Sutra"means"classic".ItisacompilationoftheteachingsandwordsspokenbytheBuddhathroughouthislife.ItisthebasicbasisofBuddhistteachings.TheDepartmentofEconomics."Law"isapreceptandritualsystemformulatedbytheBuddha,whichcancuretheevilofsentientbeingsandregulatethemindandnatureofsentientbeings.TherulesformulatedbyBuddhaShakyamuniforthelifeoftheBuddhistsectbelongtothecategoryoflaw."On"istheexplanationofthedoctrinesorimportantthoughtsinBuddhistscripturessuchassutrasandlaws.InBuddhism,itisgenerallyconsideredtobedonebybodhisattvasorvarioussectsoftheorists.

Version

TheexistingTripitakacanbedividedintosevensystems,includingChinese,Tibetan,Mongolian,Manchu,Xixia,Japanese,andPalilanguages..Inaddition,therehasbeenthecarvingoftheKhitanTripitaka.

TripitakainChinese

TripitakainChinese:isacollectionofBuddhistclassics.FormorethanathousandyearsafterBuddhismwasintroducedtothemainlandofChina,therewerenearly50typesofsutrasalone,andmorethan20typeshavebeenpasseddownsofar,andthenumberofsutrasincludedvaries.TheformandcontentoftheTripitakacompiledindifferenterasaredifferentfromeachother.ExceptfortheFangshanStoneScriptures,thebooksbeforetheSongDynastywerebasicallyscroll-boundscripts.ThefirstwoodcutversionoftheTripitakainChinesebeganinthefourthyearoftheopeningoftheBaobaointheNorthernSongDynasty(971).IntheeighthyearofTaizong'sTaipingrejuvenation(983),allwerecarvedandshippedtoBianjing.SinceitwasfirstengravedatthetimeofKaibaointheNorthernSongDynasty,itwascalled"Kaibaozang"bylatergenerations."KaiBaoZang"istheancestralversionoftheSongDynastyMingandZhejiangprivatecarvings,Liao,Jincarvings,andvariouseditionsofDaZangcarvedbyGaoli.ThecompilationoftheTripitakainlatergenerationsiscloselyrelatedtoit.Therefore,"KaiBaoZang"iscalledtheancestoroftheTripitakainChinese.Itisworthmentioningthatsincethe"KaiBaoJing",theChinesefirstcreatedacatalogsystemintheorderof"thousand-characteressays".Sincethen,thecatalogingofseverallarge-scalebooksinmycountryhasbeenused.Sincethen,Tibetanscriptureengravinghasgraduallyemerged.IntheSongDynasty,therewere:LiaoversionofKhitan,goldversionofgold,Fuzhouversionof"WanshouZang"and"VairoZang",Huzhouversion(Zheversion)of"YuanjueZang","ZifuZang"and"MoshaZang"Wait.IntheYuanDynasty,accordingtotheSongversionoftheTibetanscriptures,thereweretwotypes:"PuningCang"and"HongfaCang".However,attheendofYuanDynasty,theworldwasinchaos,andtheTibetanscriptureswereburnedout.DuringtheHongwureignofEmperorMingTaizu,hegatheredhismaster'svirtuesinJiangshan,clickedtheTibetanscriptures,andpublishedandengravedSouthernTibet.InadditiontoSouthernTibet,therearealsoNorthernTibet,ShurangamaTempleEdition,andBaoenTempleEdition.Fromthe13thyearofEmperorEmperorYongzhengoftheQingDynastytothethirdyearofEmperorEmperorEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty(1735—1738),theNorthernTibetwasusedasthebase,anewbookwasadded,andtheDragonTibetanwaspublished.Inaddition,thereare"Pinjiazang"and"BaiNicang",andthe"ChineseTripitaka"wascompiledandprintedin1956,andthe"FoguangTripitaka"waspublishedoneafteranotherin1983.Atotalof20typesofwoodcutandtypographicalTripitakahavebeenpublished(21typesinonedescription).

AsBuddhismspreadfromChinatoNorthKoreaandJapan,theKoreanandJapanesedynastiesbothcopied,engraved,ortypesetaccordingtotheChineseTripitaka.Thefirsteditionof"KaiBaoZang"wasintroducedtoJapaninthefirstyearofSongYongxi(984),anditwaspassedtoKoreainDuanGong(988-989).InthefirstyearofQianxing(1022)andthesixthyearofYuanfeng(1083),therevisedversionofTianxiandXiningweretransferredtoKhitanandGaolirespectively.Inthe9thyearofLiaoqingandNing(1063),theKhitanalsosentthenewlyengraved"KhitanTibetan"printtoGoli.

TibetanTripitaka

TibetanTripitaka:Morethan700copieshavebeentranslatedintheearly9thcentury,someofwhichweretranslatedfromChinese.ThesutrasofSutraandSupremacyYogaforsupplementarytranslationinthelaterperiodaremany.ThewholeTibetisdividedintothreecategories:Ganjur,DanjurandSongzhang;Ganjur,alsoknownasZhengzang,containsthreeparts:law,sutra,andsecretmantra;Danjurisalsocalledcontinuation,andincludespraise,sutraandmantra.Explainthethreeparts;looseandtensemeansmiscellaneouscollection,includingrelatedworksofTibetanandMongolianBuddhists.FromthesecondyearofEmperorQingDynasty(1313)tothe22ndyearoftheRepublicofChina(1933),11differentversionsofTibetanTripitakawerecarvedinvariousplaces.Inaddition,therearetwokindsofPrakabencarvedinBhutanandKulunbencarvedinUlaanbaatar,thePeople'sRepublicofMongolia.

TheMongolianTripitaka

TheMongolianTripitaka:Ithasbeentranslatedandengravedfourtimes.UndertheauspicesoftheJiapaiLamaFaguang,Tibetan,Mongolian,UighurandHanmonkstranslatedtheTibetanTripitakaintoMongolian,carvedandprintedinTibet;partofitwassupplementedduringtheWanliperiodoftheMingDynasty(1573-1620)Theclassicswereaddedtothepublication;Chongzhen(1628-1644)publishedtheoldeditionintheearlyyears.Inthe22ndyearofEmperorKangxioftheQingDynasty(1683),there-engravingofGanjuerwascompletedunderthesupervisionofPrinceFuquanofHeshuoyu;theproofreadingandtranslationofDanjuerwascompletedinthesixthtofourteenthyearsofQianlong(1741-1749).

ManchuTripitaka

ManchuTripitaka:ItwastranslatedaccordingtotheChineseTripitakainthe38thyearofQianlongintheQingDynasty(1773).Compiledandengravedinthefifty-fifthyearoftheQianlongEmperorQianlong,108letterswereincluded,andonly699typesofPrajna,Baoji,Daji,Huayan,Nirvana,andotherDaandHinasingletranslationsandsecretmantraswereincluded.

XixiaTripitaka

XixiaTripitaka:ItwasoriginallytranslatedfromChineseTripitaka.InthefirstyearofSongJingyou(1034),"OpeningtheTreasure"waspassedtoXixia(probablytheTianxirevisionof"OpeningtheTreasure").TheXixiascriptofcreation.Ittook53yearstocompletethetranslation,atotalof362pieces,812volumes,and3579volumes.IntheseventhyearofYuanShizutoYuanDynasty(1270),XixiaSengandhisentouragepresidedoverthere-editingandtranslationofuntranslatedscriptures,andprintedtheNewTripitaka.Inthe30thyearofYuanDynasty(1276),Shizu’sedictinstructedthemastermonk’sXibisoilsentimenttobeknowntoShamenhuizhong.Morethan20peoplewereresponsibleforsendingtheoldscripturesinXixiatoHangzhouforengraving.BythesixthyearofDade(1302),theconstructionwascompletedandprintedbeforeandafter.Therearemorethan140Tibetans,butmostofthemaredamaged.ThereareonlydozensoffragmentsofScripturefoundinvariousplaces.

TheTripitakainJapanese

TheTripitakainJapanese:InadditiontotheaforementionededitionsoftheChineseTripitakainJapan,sincethesixthyearofTaisho(1917),theTheworkoftranslatingChineseBuddhistscripturesintoJapanesehassofarincludedthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbytheNationalLibraryPublishingAssociation,the"ShowaNewCompilationNationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyOrientalAcademy,andthe"NationalTranslationTripitaka"publishedbyDadongPublishingHouse..Inaddition,itwastranslatedinto"TheTripitakaoftheSouthernTripitaka"basedonthePalisystemofTripitaka.

TripitakainPaliLanguage

TripitakainPaliLanguage:istheTripitakaofTheravadaofSouthernBuddhism.CirculatedinSriLanka,Myanmar,Thailand,Cambodia,Laos,andtheDaiareaofYunnanProvince,China,itisaPaliBuddhistscripturetransliteratedinvariousletters.InadditiontoSinhala,Burmese,Thai,Khmer,andLao,Daihasfourdifferentdialectversions.Inmoderntimes,threeversionshavebeenadded,includingDevanagariSanskrit,LatinalphabetandJapanesetranslation.