Produced
The"super"characterofultrasoundcomesfromthefactthatthelowerboundofitsfrequencybandexceedshumanhearing,butifyouanalyzeitintermsofwavelength,thewavelengthofultrasoundisactuallyshorter.Scientistscallthedistancebetweentwoadjacentpeaksortroughsofawaveaswavelength.Thewavelengthofmechanicalwavesthatourhumanearscanhearis2cm~20m(2cm~20m).Therefore,wecallmechanicalwaveswithawavelengthshorterthan2cmas"ultrasound."However,inpracticalapplications,mechanicalwaveswithawavelengthbelow3.4cm(above10000hz)canberegardedasultrasonicresearch.Thewavelengthofultrasoundusuallyusedformedicaldiagnosisis10μm~350μm.[Includingradiowaves,microwaves,infraredrays,visiblelight,ultravioletrays,X-rays,gammarays,etc.),theuseofelectromagneticwavetechnology.
Intheair,ultrasonicwavesrefertomechanicalwaveswithawavelengthlessthan2cm(forexample,1.7cm,2cmwavelengthcorrespondsto17000Hz,1.7cmwavelengthcorrespondsto20000Hz,infact,thereisnofixedstandard,justavaluethatiseasytoremember.),itswavelengthisveryshort,whichislowerthanthegenerallowerlimitofhumanhearing(2cm).Peoplecallthisinaudiblemechanicalwaveultrasonic,andthewavelengthofinfrasoundwavesisgenerallylongerthan20meters(forexample,17meters,20mwavelengthcorrespondsto17Hz,17mThewavelengthcorrespondsto20Hz),whichishigherthantheupperlimitoftheauditorywavelength.Inpracticalapplications,ultrasonicwavesoftencoincidewiththerangeofshort-waveaudiblesoundwaves.Mechanicalwaveswithawavelengthshorterthan3.4cm(10000Mhz)canberegardedasultrasonicresearch.
Itswavelengthismuchshorterthanordinarysoundwaves,soitcanbeusedforcutting,welding,drilling,etc.Becauseofitsshortwavelength,ithasmanycharacteristics:firstly,thepropagationanisotropycausedbytheshortwavelength,andalsobecauseofitsshortwavelengthandpoordiffractionability.Althoughithasgoodanisotropy,ithasalargelossintheairandcannotbetransmitted.Far,poorpenetration,easytoscatter.Ultrasoundiscommonlyusedinindustryandmedicineforultrasonicdetection.Ultrasound,infrasoundandaudiblesoundareessentiallythesame.Theircommonpointisamechanicalwave,whichusuallypropagatesinelasticmediaintheformoflongitudinalwaves.Itisaformofenergypropagation.Thedifferenceisultrasonicwaves.Longandshort,itcantravelalongastraightlinewithinacertaindistancewithlittlediffraction,andhasgoodanisotropy.However,comparedwithaudiblesoundandinfrasound,ithaspoorpenetratingpowerandiseasytoscatter.
Thepropagationlawsofultrasonicreflection,refraction,diffraction,andscatteringinthemediumarenotessentiallydifferentfromthelawsofinfrasoundandaudiblesoundwaves.Butthewavelengthofultrasoundisveryshort,onlyafewcentimeters,evenafewthousandthsofamillimeter.Comparedwithotherwaves,ultrasonicwaveshavemanycharacteristics:propagationcharacteristics—thewavelengthofultrasonicwavesisveryshort,andthesizeofordinaryobstaclesismanytimeslargerthanthewavelengthofultrasonicwaves.Therefore,ultrasonicwaveshavepoorpenetratingpower,poordiffractionability,andeasyscattering..Itcanpropagateinastraightlineinauniformmediumbutisdifficulttodiffract.Theshorterthewavelengthoftheultrasonicwave,themoreobviousthecharacteristic.Inaddition,accordingtotheRayleighscatteringlaw,theintensityofthescatteredwaveisinverselyproportionaltothefourthpowerofthewavelength,andthewavelengthoftheultrasonicwaveisextremelyshort.,Sothescatteringisveryseriousandthepenetratingpowerisnotgood.Cavitation──Whentheultrasonicwavepropagatesinthemedium,thereisapositiveandnegativealternatingperiod.Inthepositivephase,theultrasonicwavesqueezesthemediummoleculestochangetheoriginaldensityofthemediumandincreaseit;inthenegativepressurephaseWhenthemediummoleculesaresparseandfurtherdispersed,thedensityofthemediumisreduced.Whenasufficientlystrongultrasonicwaveisappliedtotheliquidmedium,theaveragedistancebetweenthemediummoleculeswillexceedthecriticalmoleculardistancethatkeepstheliquidmediumconstant.Fractureoccursandmicrobubblesareformed.Thesesmallcavitiesexpandandcloserapidly,causingviolentcollisionsbetweentheliquidparticles,resultinginpressuresofthousandstotensofthousandsofatmospheres.Thisviolentinteractionbetweentheparticleshasagoodstirringeffect,sothatthetwoimmiscibleliquids(suchaswaterandoil)emulsifyandacceleratethedissolutionofthesolute.Thevariouseffectscausedbytheactionofultrasonicwavesintheliquidarecalledultrasoniccavitation.
Mainparameters
Severalmainparametersofultrasound:
Wavelength:Intheairat20℃,λ≤2cm(inpracticalapplicationsbecausetheeffectissimilar,Usuallyλ≤3.4cm,thatis,themechanicalwaveoff≥10KHzisalsocalledultrasonic)
Wavespeed:intheairat20℃,v=343m/s,thespeedisfasterintheliquid,andinthesolidMediumspeedfastest
Powerdensity:Thedefinitionisp=transmittingpower(W)/transmittingarea(cm²),usuallyp≥0.3W/cm².Theultrasonicwavepropagatingintheliquidcancleanthedirtonthesurfaceoftheobject.Theprinciplecanbeexplainedbythephenomenonof"cavitation":whenthepressurecausedbythemechanicalwaveoftheultrasonicwaveintheliquidreachesoneatmosphericpressure,itspowerdensityis0.35W/cm²,Atthistime,thepeakoftheultrasonicwavecanreachvacuumornegativepressure,butinfactthereisnonegativepressure,soalargepressureisgeneratedintheliquid,whichpullstheliquidmoleculesintocavitationnuclei.Thiscavityisveryclosetoavacuum.Itruptureswhenthereverseoftheultrasonicwavereachesitsmaximum,andthestrongimpactcausedbytheruptureknocksdownthedirtonthesurfaceoftheobject.Thisshockwavephenomenoncausedbytheburstingofcountlesstinycavitationbubblesiscalled"cavitation"phenomenon.Toosmallsoundintensitycannotproducecavitationeffect.
Historyofdevelopment
Internationalaspects
Comparedwithopticalmethodssuchasinfraredandultraviolet,ultrasoundstartedlate,withahistoryoflessthan100years..Fromtheendofthe19thcenturytothebeginningofthe20thcentury,afterthepiezoelectriceffectandtheinversepiezoelectriceffectwerediscoveredinphysics,peoplesolvedthemethodofusingelectronicstogenerateultrasonicwaves.Sincethen,thehistoricalchapterofthedevelopmentandpromotionofultrasonictechnologyhasbeenquicklyopened.
In1922,thedefinitionofultrasoundwasfirstproposed.Ultrasoundbecameabrand-newconcept.ThefirstinventionpatentforultrasoundtherapyappearedinGermany;
In1939,itpublishedaclinicalreportonultrasoundtherapy.Literaturereportsontheeffects.
Inthelate1940s,ultrasoundtherapyemergedinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Itwasnotuntilthefirstinternationalmedicalultrasoundconferenceheldin1949thattherewasanexchangeofpapersonultrasoundtherapy,whichlaidafoundationforthedevelopmentofultrasoundtherapy.了基。Thefoundation.In1956,manypaperswerepublishedattheSecondInternationalConferenceonUltrasoundMedicine,andultrasoundtherapyenteredthestageofpracticalmaturity.
Domesticaspect
Thedomesticfieldofultrasoundtherapystartedalittlelater.Onlyafewhospitalsstartedultrasoundtherapyworkintheearly1950s.The430μmwavelengthwasfirstusedinBeijingin1950.Theultrasoundtherapymachineusedtotreatavarietyofdiseaseswasgraduallypromotedinthe1950s,anddomesticallyproducedinstrumentswereavailable.Openliteraturereportsfirstappearedin1957.Inthe1970s,varioustypesofdomesticultrasoundtreatmentinstrumentswereavailable,andultrasoundtherapywaspopularizedinlargehospitalsacrossthecountry.
Formorethan40years,majorhospitalsacrossthecountryhaveaccumulatedaconsiderableamountofdataandrelativelyrichclinicalexperience.Especiallytheultrasoundextracorporealmechanicalwavelithotripsyandultrasoundsurgerythatappearedintheearly1980saremajorbreakthroughsinthehistoryofstonediseasetreatment.Nowithasbeenpromotedandappliedinternationally.High-intensityfocusedultrasoundnon-invasivesurgeryhasenabledultrasoundtherapytooccupyanimportantpositionincontemporarymedicaltechnology.Inthe21stcentury,focusedultrasoundsurgery(HIFU)hasbeenhailedasthelatesttechnologyfortumortreatmentinthe21stcentury.
Therapeuticmechanism
Mechanicaleffect
Theeffectproducedwhenultrasoundadvancesinthemedium.(Ultrasoundpropagatesinthemediumisamechanicaleffectproducedbyreflection)Itcancauseanumberofreactionsinthebody.Thesubstanceinthetissuecells,duetothemicromassageofultrasound,causesthecellplasmatoflow,rotateandrubthecells,therebygeneratingtheeffectofcellmassage,alsoknownas"internalmassage".Thisisauniquefeatureofultrasoundtherapy,whichcanchangethecellmembrane.Permeability,itstimulatesthediffusionprocessofcellsemipermeablemembrane,promotesmetabolism,acceleratesbloodandlymphcirculation,improvescellischemiaandhypoxia,improvestissuenutrition,changesproteinsynthesisrate,andimprovesregenerativefunction.Changesintheinternalstructureofcells,leadingtochangesincellfunctions,andmakingthehardconnectivetissuestretchandsoft.
Themechanicalactionofultrasoundcansoftentissues,enhancepenetration,improvemetabolism,promotebloodcirculation,stimulatethenervoussystemandcellfunctions,soultrasoundhasuniquetherapeuticsignificance.
Physicaleffects
Themechanicaleffectsofultrasoundcantriggerseveralchanges.Practicehasprovedthatsomephysicaleffectsareoftensecondaryeffectsoftheaboveeffects.TheTS-Ctherapeuticmachinehasthefollowingfivemajoreffectsthroughphysicaleffects:
Diffuseeffect:Ultrasoundcanincreasethepermeabilityofbiofilms.Afterultrasound,thecellmembranewillaffectpotassium.Thepermeabilityofcalciumionsundergoesastrongchange.Therebyenhancingthedispersionprocessofbiofilm,promotingmaterialexchange,acceleratingmetabolism,andimprovingtissuenutrition.
Thixotropiceffect:Undertheactionofultrasound,thegelcanbetransformedintoasolstate.Thesofteningeffectonmusclesandtendons,aswellassomepathologicalchangesrelatedtotissuedehydration.Suchasrheumatoidarthritisdiseaseandthetreatmentofdegenerativediseasesofjoints,tendonsandligaments.
Cavitation:Cavitationisformed,ormaintainsstableone-waycavitation,orswellsandcollapses,cellfunctionchanges,andintracellularcalciumlevelsincrease.Fibroblastsareactivated,proteinsynthesisincreases,bloodvesselpermeabilityincreases,bloodvesselformationaccelerates,andcollagentensionincreases.
Polymerizationanddepolymerization:Thepolymerizationofwatermoleculesistheprocessofcombiningmultipleidenticalorsimilarmoleculesintoalargermolecule.Thedepolymerizationoflargemoleculesistheprocessofturninglargemoleculesintosmallmolecules.Itcanincreasetheactivityofhydrolyticenzymesandoriginalenzymesinthejoints.
Anti-inflammatory,repairingcellsandmolecules:Undertheactionofultrasound,thepHvalueofthetissuecanbedevelopedtoalkaline.Relievelocalacidosisassociatedwithinflammation.Ultrasoundcanaffectbloodflow,causeinflammation,inhibitandplayananti-inflammatoryeffect.Movewhitebloodcellsandpromoteangiogenesis.Collagensynthesisandmaturation.Promoteorinhibitthedamagerepairandhealingprocess.Soastoachievetheprocessofcleaning,activatingandrepairingdamagedcellsandtissues.
Effect
Ultrasoniceffect:Whentheultrasonicwavepropagatesinthemedium,duetotheinteractionbetweentheultrasonicwaveandthemedium,themediumchanges,therebygeneratingaseriesofmechanicalandelectromagneticultrasonicwaves.Effects,includingthefollowingtwoeffects:
①Mechanicaleffects.Themechanicalactionofultrasoundcanpromotetheemulsificationofliquids,theliquefactionofgelsandthedispersionofsolids.Whenastandingwaveisformedintheultrasonicfluidmedium,thetinyparticlessuspendedinthefluidarecondensedatthenodesduetomechanicalforce,formingperiodicaccumulationinthespace.Whenultrasonicwavespropagateinpiezoelectricmaterialsandmagnetostrictivematerials,inducedelectricalpolarizationandinducedmagnetizationarecausedbythemechanicalactionofultrasonicwaves.
②cavitation.Whenultrasonicwavesactonliquids,alargenumberofsmallbubblescanbegenerated.Onereasonisthatpartialtensilestressoccursintheliquidtoformanegativepressure.Thedecreaseinpressuremakesthegasoriginallydissolvedintheliquidsupersaturateandescapefromtheliquidandbecomesmallbubbles.Anotherreasonisthatthestrongtensilestress"tears"theliquidintoacavity,whichiscalledcavitation.Insidethecavityisliquidvapororanothergasdissolvedintheliquid,anditmayevenbeavacuum.Smallbubblesformedbycavitationcontinuetogroworsuddenlyburst.Whenitbursts,thesurroundingliquidsuddenlyrushesintothebubbleandgeneratesahighpressure,andatthesametimeashockwaveisgenerated.Theinternalfrictionaccompaniedbycavitationcanformelectricchargesandcauselightemissioninthebubblesduetodischarge.Thetechnologyofultrasonictreatmentinliquidismostlyrelatedtocavitation.
Application
Ultrasoundisusedinpractice,mainlyinthefollowingaspects:
Inspection
Thewavelengthofultrasonicwavesisshorterthanordinarysoundwaves.Ithasgoodanisotropyandcanpenetrateopaquematerials.Thisfeaturehasbeenusedinultrasonicflawdetectionandultrasonicimagingtechnology.Ultrasoundimagingisatechnologythatusesultrasoundtopresenttheinternalimageofanopaqueobject.Focustheultrasonicwaveemittedfromthetransducerontheopaquesamplethroughtheacousticlens.Theultrasonicwavetransmittedfromthesamplecarriestheinformationoftheilluminatedpart(suchastheabilitytoreflect,absorbandscattermechanicalwaves),andisconvergedbytheacousticlensOnthepiezoelectricreceiver,theobtainedelectricalsignalisinputtotheamplifier,andtheimageoftheopaquesamplecanbedisplayedonthefluorescentscreenbythescanningsystem.Theabovedeviceiscalledanultrasoundmicroscope.Ultrasonicimagingtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinmedicalinspections.Itisusedtoinspectlarge-scaleintegratedcircuitsinthemanufacturingofmicroelectronicdevices,anditisusedtodisplaytheregionsandgrainboundariesofdifferentcomponentsinalloysinmaterialsscience.Acousticholographyisanacousticimagingtechnologythatusestheinterferenceprincipleofultrasoundtorecordandreproducestereoscopicimagesofopaqueobjects.Itsprincipleisbasicallythesameasthatoflightwaveholography,buttherecordingmeansaredifferent.Usethesameshort-wavesignalsourcetoexcitetwotransducersplacedintheliquid,andtheyrespectivelyemittwocoherentultrasonicwaves:onebeambecomesanobjectwaveafterpassingthroughtheobjectunderstudy,andtheotherbeamisusedasareferencewave.Theobjectwaveandthereferencewavearecoherentlysuperimposedontheliquidsurfacetoformanacoustichologram.Theacoustichologramisirradiatedwithalaserbeam,andthediffractioneffectgeneratedwhenthelaserisreflectedontheacoustichologramisusedtoobtainareproducedimageoftheobject,usuallywithacameraandaTV.Themachinemakesreal-timeobservation.
Treatment
Usingthemechanicalactionandcavitationofultrasonic,itcanbeusedforultrasonicwelding,drilling,solidcrushing,emulsification,degassing,degreasing,descaling,cleaning,Sterilization,etc.,havebeenappliedinvarioussectorssuchasindustryandmining,agriculture,andmedicaltreatment.
Cleaning
Theapplicationprincipleofultrasoniccleaningisthattheshort-wavesignalsentbytheultrasonicgeneratorisconvertedintoshort-wavemechanicalwavesbythetransducerandpropagatedtothemedium.Theultrasonicinthecleaningsolventisinthecleaningliquid.Theforwardradiationbetweenthemediumanddensephasescausestheliquidtoflowandproducetensofthousandsoftinybubbles.Thetinybubbles(cavitationnuclei)intheliquid,whenthesoundintensityreachesacertainvalue,thebubblesgrowrapidlyandthensuddenlycloseWhenthebubbleisclosed,ashockwaveisgenerated,andthousandsofatmosphericpressurearegeneratedaroundit,destroyinginsolubledirtanddispersingtheminthecleaningliquid.Whenthegroupparticlesarewrappedinoilandadheretothesurfaceofthecleaningpart,theoilisemulsified,Thesolidparticlesareseparated,soastoachievethepurposeofcleaningthesurfaceofthecleaningpart.
Humidifier
InthedrywinterinnorthernChina,ifultrasonicwavesarepassedintothewatertank,themechanicalwaveswillbreakthewaterinthetankintomanysmalldroplets,andthenuseasmallfantoWhenthemistisblownintotheroom,thehumidityoftheindooraircanbeincreased.Thisistheprincipleoftheultrasonichumidifier.Fordiseasessuchaspharyngitisandbronchitis,itisdifficulttousethebloodflowtomakethemedicinereachthediseasedpart.Theprincipleofahumidifierisusedtoatomizethemedicineandletthepatientinhaleit,whichcanimprovethecurativeeffect.Inthecaseofhighpower,usingthehugeenergyofultrasoundcanalsomakethestonesinthehumanbodybrokenundertheactionofmechanicalwaves,soastoalleviatethepainandachievethepurposeofhealing.Inmedicine,ultrasoundcansterilizeitems.
Basicresearch
Afterultrasonicwavesactonthemedium,anacousticrelaxationprocessisgeneratedinthemedium.Theacousticrelaxationprocessisaccompaniedbythetransportprocessofenergybetweentherespectiveelectricaldegreesofthemolecules,andItshowstheabsorptionofmechanicalwavesinthemacroscopicview.Thecharacteristicsandstructureofmaterialscanbeexploredthroughtheabsorptionlawsofmaterialstoultrasound.Researchinthisareaconstitutestheacousticbranchofmolecularacoustics.Thewavelengthofordinarysoundwavesismuchlargerthanthedistancebetweenatomsinasolid,andthesolidcanberegardedasacontinuousmediumunderthiscondition.Butforultra-ultrasoundwithawavelengthbelow300pm,thewavelengthcanbecomparedwiththedistancebetweenatomsinasolid.Atthistime,thesolidmustberegardedasalatticestructurewithspatialperiodicity.Theenergyofthelatticeisquantized,calledphonons(seesolidstatephysics).Theeffectofspecialultrasoundonsolidscanbeattributedtotheinteractionofspecialultrasoundwithphonons,electrons,photonsandvariousquasi-particles.Theresearchonthegeneration,detectionandpropagationofspecialultrasoundinsolids,aswellastheresearchonacousticphenomenainquantumliquid-liquidheliumconstituteanewfieldofmodernacoustics.
Theacousticbranchthatstudiesthegeneration,propagation,andreceptionofultrasound,aswellasvariousultrasoundeffectsandapplicationsiscalledultrasound,whichcorrespondstosubacoustics.Thedevicesthatgenerateultrasonicwavesincludemechanicalultrasonicgenerators,electricultrasonicgeneratorsmadeusingtheprinciplesofelectromagneticinductionandelectromagneticaction,andelectroacousticsmadeusingtheelectrostrictiveeffectofpiezoelectriccrystalsandthemagnetostrictiveeffectofferromagneticmaterials.Transducers,etc.
Degreasing
ThedegreasingprocessinwhichthepartswithoilstainsareplacedinthedegreasingfluidandthedegreasingprocessisundertheactionofacertainwavelengthofultrasonicfieldiscalledUltrasonicdegreasing.Theintroductionofultrasoundcanstrengthenthedegreasingprocess,shortenthedegreasingtime,improvethedegreasingquality,andreducetheconsumptionofmedicines.Especiallyforpartswithcomplexshapes,smallprecisionparts,partswithdifficulttoremovedirtonthesurface,andpartsmadeofinsulatingmaterials,ithasasignificantdegreasingeffect,whichcansavetime-consumingmanuallaborandpreventdamagetotheparts.
Theeffectofultrasonicdegreasingisrelatedtotheshapeandsizeoftheparts,thenatureofthesurfaceoil,thecompositionofthesolution,andthelocationoftheparts.Therefore,thebestultrasonicdegreasingprocessmustbedeterminedthroughexperiments.Thewavelengthusedforultrasonicdegreasingisgenerallyabout1.1cm.Whenthepartissmall,useashorterwavelength;whenthepartislarge,usealongerwavelength.Theultrasonicwavehasashortwavelength,whichcanonlytravelinastraightline,andisdifficulttodiffract.Therefore,itisdifficulttoreachtheshieldedpart.Therefore,thepartsshouldberotatedorflippedinthedegreasinggroovesothatallpartsonthesurfacecanreceiveultrasonicradiation,whichismoreaffected.Gooddegreasingeffect.Inaddition,theconcentrationandtemperatureoftheultrasonicdegreasingsolutionshouldbelowerthanthatofthecorrespondingdegreasingsolution,soasnottoaffectthepropagationofultrasonicwavesandalsoreducethecorrosionofthesurfaceofmetalmaterials.
Medicalexamination
Theworkingprincipleofmedicalultrasoundexaminationistotransmitultrasoundintothehumanbody.Whenitencounterstheinterfaceinthebody,itwillreflectandrefract,anditmaybeinthehumantissue.Attenuatedbyabsorption.Becausetheshapeandstructureofvarioustissuesofthehumanbodyarenotthesame,thedegreeofreflectionandrefractionandabsorptionofultrasoundarealsodifferent.Doctorsdistinguishitbythecharacteristicsofthewaveform,curve,orimagereflectedbytheinstrument.they.Inaddition,combinedwithanatomicalknowledge,normalandpathologicalchanges,itispossibletodiagnosewhethertheexaminedorganisdiseased.
Theultrasounddiagnosticmethodsusedbydoctorscomeindifferentforms,whichcanbedividedintofourcategories:TypeA,TypeB,TypeM,andTypeD.
TypeA:Itisamethodofdisplayingtissuecharacteristicsbywaveform,whichismainlyusedtomeasurethediameterofanorgantodetermineitssize.Itcanbeusedtoidentifysomephysicalcharacteristicsofthediseasedtissue,suchassubstance,whetherliquidorgasispresent,etc.
TypeB:Displaythespecificsituationoftheinspectedorganizationintheformofflatgraphics.Duringtheinspection,thereflectedsignalofthehumaninterfaceisfirstconvertedintolightspotswithdifferentstrengthsandweaknesses.Theselightspotscanbedisplayedonthefluorescentscreen.Thismethodisintuitiveandreproducible,andcanbecomparedbeforeandafter,soitisusedinobstetricsandgynecology.,Diagnosisofsystemdiseasessuchasurinary,digestiveandcardiovasculardiseases.
Mtype:Itisamethodforobservingthetimechangeoftheactiveinterface.Itismostsuitableforcheckingtheactivityoftheheart.Thedynamicchangeofitscurveiscalledechocardiography.Itcanbeusedtoobservetheposition,activitystate,andstructureofthevariouslayersoftheheart.Itismostlyusedtoassistinthediagnosisofheartandmacrovasculardiseases.
TypeD:Itisanultrasonicdiagnosticmethodspeciallyusedtodetectbloodflowandorganactivity,alsoknownasDopplerultrasonicdiagnosticmethod.Candeterminewhetherthebloodvesselisunobstructed,whetherthelumenisnarrow,occluded,andthelocationofthedisease.ThenewgenerationofD-modeultrasoundcanalsoquantitativelymeasurethebloodflowinthelumen.Inrecentyears,scientistshavedevelopedacolor-codedDopplersystem,whichcandisplaythedirectionofbloodflowindifferentcolorsundertheindicationofanatomicallandmarksinechocardiography,andtheshadeofcolorrepresentstheflowrateofbloodflow.Therearealsothree-dimensionalultrasoundimaging,ultrasoundCT,ultrasoundendoscopyandotherultrasoundtechnologiesthatcontinuetoemerge,andcanalsobeusedincombinationwithotherinspectioninstrumentstogreatlyimprovetheaccuracyofdiseasediagnosis.Ultrasoundtechnologyisplayingahugeroleinthemedicalfield.Withtheadvancementofscience,itwillbemoreperfectandwillbenefitmankindbetter.
Industrialautomationcontrol
Usingmechanicalwavereflection,diffraction,Dopplereffecttomanufactureultrasoniclevelgauges,ultrasoniclevelgauges,ultrasonicflowmeters,etc.
Pharmaceutical
1.Dispersionofpharmaceuticalsubstancesforinjection-mixingphospholipidsandcholesterolwiththedruginanaqueoussolutionusingapropermethod,anddispersingbyultrasoundtoobtainsmallerparticles(about0.1μm)forintravenousinjection.
2.Herbalmedicineextraction——Usingultrasonicdispersiontodestroyplanttissues,acceleratethepenetrationofsolventsthroughtissues,andimprovetheextractionrateofeffectivecomponentsofChineseherbalmedicines.Forexample,ittakesmorethan5hourstoinvadeallthealkaloidsinthebarkofcinchonabarkbyageneralmethod,andittakesonlyhalfanhourtocompletethedispersionbyultrasonic.
3.Preparationofasuspension-underultrasoniccavitationandstrongstirring,asoliddrugisdispersedinanaqueoussolutioncontainingasurfactanttoformanoralorintravenoussuspensionofabout1μm.Examplesinclude"IntravenousCamptothecinSuspension","LiverContrastAgent",and"BariumSulfateSuspension".
4.Preparationofvaccines-Afterthecellsorvirusesarekilledbyultrasonicdispersion,theyarethenmadeintovaccinesbyappropriatemethods.
Dispersionofcosmeticsbyultrasound
Inordertofurtherextracttheessenceofmedicineandrefinetheparticles,andsaveproductioncosts,achievetheeffectofdispersionandemulsification,sothatthecosmeticscanpenetratedeeperintotheskin.,Sothattheskincanabsorbwellandexerttheeffectivenessandeffectofthemedicine.Ultrasonicemulsificationcanachieveaveryidealeffect.Ultrasonicdispersioneliminatestheneedtouseemulsifierstodispersewaxandparaffinemulsification,cosmeticwaterandotheroilparticles.Theparticlediameterofparaffinwaxdispersedinwatercanreachlessthan1μm.
Ultrasonicagingofwine-agingtechnology
Abottleoffinewinegenerallyhasamellowtaste,soft,soft,andaromatic.Peopleoftenuseagedwinetodescribethepreciousnessofwine.Bottlesofoldwinefromthelastcenturyarepricedattensofthousandsofyuan,andthemeaningofthepriceliesinthestorageoftime.Themaincontrollingfactorofwineisthechemicalchangethatistheformationofacidandfurtheresterification.Theesterparticipatesintheassociationofethanolandwater.Thewinethathasjustleftthefactorycontainsamylalcoholandhasapungenttaste.Thissmellwilltakealongtimetoresolve.Thisslowchangeiscalledthemellownessofthewine.Ultrasonictreatmentwithpowerof1.6KWandwavelengthof1.56cm~1.96cmfor5min~10mincanshortenthematuritytimeofwineby1/3to1/2.
Features
1)Whenultrasonicwavespropagate,theyhaveshortwavelengthsandareanisotropic.
2)Ultrasoundcanpropagateinavarietyofdifferentmediaandcanpropagatefarenough.
3)Theinteractionbetweenultrasoundandthesoundtransmissionmediumismoderate,anditiseasytocarryinformationaboutthestateofthesoundtransmissionmediumfordiagnosisortoproduceeffectandtreatmentonthesoundtransmissionmedium.
4)Ultrasoundcanbeeffectivelytransmittedingas,liquid,solid,solidmeltandothermedia.
5)Ultrasoundwillproducereflection,interferenceandsuperpositionphenomena.
Ultrasoundisaformoffluctuation,whichcanbeusedasacarrierormediumfordetectingandcarryinginformationfordiagnosis;ultrasoundisalsoaformofenergy,whenitsintensityexceedsacertainvalue,itcanpassTheinteractionwiththemediumthatpropagatesultrasonicwavescanaffect,changeanddestroythestate,natureandstructureofthelatterfortreatment.
Technicalfeatures
Ultrasoniccleaningisbasedoncavitation,thatis,countlessbubblesinthecleaningfluidquicklyformandrapidlyimplode.Theresultingimpactpeelsoffthedirtontheinnerandoutersurfacesoftheworkpieceimmersedinthecleaningsolution.Asthelengthoftheultrasounddecreases,thenumberofbubblesincreasesandtheblastingimpactweakens.Therefore,short-waveultrasoundisparticularlysuitableforcleaningsmallparticlesofdirtwithoutdamagingthesurfaceoftheworkpiece.
Cavitation:Cavitationistheshort-wavetransformationofultrasoundtotransmittotheliquid.Whenthepressureisreduced,thephenomenonofvacuumcoregroupbubblesisgeneratedintheliquid.Whenthecompressionforceacts,thevacuumcoregroupbubblesproducestrongimpactforcewhentheyarecrushedbypressure,therebypeelingoffthedirtonthesurfaceofthecleanedobject,soastoachieveprecisionPurposeofcleaning.
Ultrasoniccleaningmethodsaremorethanconventionalcleaningmethods,especiallythesurfaceoftheworkpieceismorecomplicated,likesomemechanicalpartswithunevensurfacesandblindholes,someareparticularlysmallandhaveahighercleanlinessTherequiredproducts(suchas:clocksandprecisionmachineryparts,electroniccomponents,circuitboardcomponents,etc.),usingultrasoniccleaningcanachieveveryidealresults.Theprincipleofultrasoniccleaningisthattheshort-wavesignalsentbytheultrasonicgeneratorisconvertedintoashort-wavemechanicalwavebythetransducerandpropagatedtothemedium—thecleaningsolvent.Theultrasonicwaveradiatesforwardwiththesamedensityanddensityinthecleaningliquid,causingtheliquidtoflowandgeneratedata.Thousandsoftinybubbles.Thesebubblesformandgrowinthenegativepressurezonewheretheultrasonicwavepropagateslongitudinally,andquicklycloseinthepositivepressurezone.Inthisprocessknownasthe"cavitation"effect,theclosureofbubblescanformaninstantaneoushighpressureexceeding1000atmospheres.Thecontinuousgenerationofinstantaneoushighpressureislikeaseriesofsmall"explosions"continuouslyimpactingthesurfaceoftheobject,makingthesurfaceoftheobjectandThedirtinthegapisquicklypeeledoff,soastoachievethepurposeofcleaningthesurfaceoftheobject.
Comparedwithmanyothercleaningmethods,ultrasoniccleaninghas:goodcleaningeffect,highcleanlinessanduniformcleanlinessofallworkpieces;fastcleaningspeed,improvedproductionefficiency,nomanualcontactwithcleaningfluid,safetyReliable;itcanalsocleandeepholes,crevicesandhiddenpartsoftheworkpiece;nodamagetothesurfaceoftheworkpiece,savingsolvent,workingspaceandlabor.
Becauseultrasoniccleaningisfast,goodinquality,andcangreatlyreduceenvironmentalpollution,ultrasoniccleaningtechnologyisbeingappliedinmoreandmoreindustrialsectors.Inspecializedandgroupproductionenterprises,ultrasoniccleanershavegraduallyreplacedthetraditionaldipping,scrubbing,pressurewashing,cleaningandsteamcleaningprocessmethods.ThehighefficiencyandhighcleanlinessofultrasoniccleanersbenefitDuetothereflectivityandcavitationshockcausedbymechanicalwavespropagatinginthemedium,itiseasytocleanthepartswithcomplexshapes,cavitiesandthincavities,whichisgoodforgeneraldegreasing,rustprevention,phosphating,etc.Theprocesscanbecompletedinonlytwoorthreeminutesundertheactionofultrasound.Thespeedcanbeincreasedseveraltimes,orevendozensoftimes,comparedwithtraditionalmethods,andthecleanlinesscanreachhighstandards.Thisisinmanycaseswherethesurfacequalityandproductivityrequirementsofproductsarerelativelyhigh.Highoccasionshighlighttheresultsthataredifficulttoachieveorirreplaceablewithothertreatmentmethods.
Mechanismofaction
Themechanismofactionofultrasoniccleaningmainlyincludesthefollowingaspects:Whenthecavitationbubblebursts,astrongshockwaveisgenerated,andapartofthedirtlayerispeeledoffundertheactionoftheshockwave.,Dispersion,emulsificationandshedding.Becauseofthebubblesgeneratedbythecavitationphenomenon,thegapsandvoidsbetweenthedirtlayerandthesurfacelayerformedbytheimpactpenetrate.Duetotheexpansionandcontractionofsuchsmallbubbles,thephysicalforcelikepeelingrepeatedlyactsonthedirtlayer,thedirtlayerlayerbylayer.Afterbeingpeeledoff,thebubblescontinuetopenetrateinwarduntilthedirtlayeriscompletelypeeledoff.Thisisthesecondaryeffectofcavitation.Theimpactoftheultrasonicmechanicalwaveofthecleaningfluidonthedirtintheultrasoniccleaning.Ultrasonicacceleratedcleaningagent(RT-808ultrasoniccleaningagent)dissolvesdirtandacceleratesthecleaningprocess.
Applicableindustries
Medicalindustry:Cleaning,disinfection,sterilizationofmedicalequipment,cleaningoflaboratoryutensils,etc.
Semiconductorindustry:Highcleanlinesscleaningofsemiconductorwafers.
Opticalindustry:Degreasingandsweatremovalofopticaldevices.
Petroleumindustry:cleaninganddredgingofmetalfilters,cleaningofcontainers,exchangers,etc.
Electronicsindustry:Theelectronicsindustryistheearliestandmostpopularindustryforcleaningapplications.
Electronicpartssuchassemiconductortubehousing,IChousing,crystalhousing,relayhousing,electronictubehousing,etc.;electroniccomponentssuchasICchips,resistors,crystals,semiconductors,originalfilmsCircuitetc.Thebaseofelectroniccomponentsismadeofsemiconductormaterialandencapsulatedinametalorplastichousing.Beforepackaging,notonlythehousingmustbecleaned,butalsothebasemustbecleaned.
PCBThefluxusedforcomponentweldingisdividedintothreetypes:water-soluble,rosinandno-cleaning.Thefirsttwoarethemostusedones.Mostofthemuseultrasoniccleaning(andmanyofthemusealcoholscrubbing).Inprinciple,theno-cleaningtypeshouldnotCleaning,butmostmanufacturersstillneedtocleaneveniftheyuseno-cleanfluxsolderingcomponents.Inparticular,high-densityPCBandhigh-densityICpinsarenotcleaned,whichwillinevitablycausedusttobeadsorbedbetweenhigh-densitycircuitsandICpins.Oncetheenvironmentalhumidityishigh,shortcircuitsbetweenhigh-densitywiresandpinsarepronetofailures.,Andoncetheenvironmentisdry,theshort-circuitfaultdisappearsbyitself,andthistypeoffaultisnoteasytofind.Therefore,electroniccompletemachinefactoriesallovertheworldinsistoncleaningPCBboards.
Intheproductionofconnectors,connectors,adaptersandotherdevices,theymustalsobecleanedbeforeelectroplatingandassembly,otherwisethedustandoiladsorbedontheseassembledpartswillinevitablyaffecttheirconductivityandinsulationperformance.Thisisespeciallytrueforsomecomplexmulti-coreconnectors.
Cleaningafterprocessingandshapingofelectronicmaterials:Electronicmaterialssuchaswafers,siliconwafers,piezoelectricceramicsheetsaresuppliedtocomponentmanufacturers,andtheirproductsmustbecleanedbeforetheyleavethefactory.
Mechanicalandelectricalindustry:Inthemechanicalandelectricalindustry,frommechanicalpartstomechanicalparts,fromelectricalpartstoelectricalparts,therearecleaningrequirements,suchasgears,crankshaftsandevengearboxes.Themechanicalandelectricalcomponentsontheelectricalparts,aswellassomeprecisionmechanicalpartsandelectricalparts,allneedtobecleaned.Mostcompaniesusetraditionalcleaningmethods,suchasimmersioncleaningandspraycleaning.Thiscleaningmethodisnotonlylabor-intensive,butalsoeasytocauseenvironmentalpollutionandwasteofwaterresources.Somecompaniesuseultrasoniccleaningintechnologicaltransformationtoeliminatethedrawbacksoftraditionalcleaning,especiallysomemechanicalpartswithcomplexshapes.
Pharmaceuticalindustry:Ultrasoniccleaningtechnologyhasbeenusedbymanypharmaceuticalcompanies,especiallyforthecleaningofvials,oralliquidbottles,ampoules,andlargeinfusionbottles.Cleaningofbutylrubberstopperandnaturalrubberstopper.Forbottlecleaning,ultrasoniccleaningtechnologyisusedtoreplacetheoriginalbrushmachine,whichisachievedthroughprocessessuchasinvertingwaterinjection,ultrasoniccleaning,internalandexternalflushing,airdrying,andoverturning.
Lightindustry:Lightindustry,suchascompressorsinairconditioners,refrigerators,refrigerators;clockparts,watchcomponents,etc.;textileindustry,suchasprecisiontextileequipment,spinningMouths,etc.;thejewelryindustry,suchasgoldandsilverjewelry,jewelry,jade,etc.,needtobecleaned.Someparts,componentsandcomponents,suchascompressors,spinnerets,etc.,havecomplexshapes,orblindholesandmicroholes,whichcanonlybecleanedbyultrasonic.,Somelarge-scaleproductionplantsevenuseultrasonicchainorliftingcompletesetsofequipment.
Surfacetreatmentindustry:Surfacetreatmentisanintegralpartofthelightindustry,includingmechanicalpartselectroplating,metalandnon-metalcabinetcoating,opticalglassorlenscoating,etc.Theuseofultrasoniccleaningtechnologyforcleaningbefore,afterorbeforecoatinghasbecomeanewtypicalprocess,especiallyforsomemulti-coresocketsinelectronicproducts,whichmustbeelectroplatedduetoqualityrequirements,andafterelectroplating,thequalityrequiresthatthemulti-coresmustbeinsulated.,Oftenduetothenon-insulationbetweenthemultiplecoresafterelectroplating,theresistancevalueofthetestaftercleaningwithacetone,alcoholandothermethodsisinfinite,butitdoesnotmeetthequalityrequirements,andultrasoniccleaningisused,andafterdrying,itfullymeetsthequalityrequirements.Directintroductionofultrasonicwavesintoelectroplatingcanalsoimprovetheuniformityoftheplatingsolutionandthedensityoftheplatinglayer.
Railwaydepotrepairarea:The"Three-machineMaintenanceRegulations"oftheMinistryofRailwaysofChinaandsomerailwaysystemdepotrepairtechnicalregulationsallinvolvecleaning.Ultrasoniccleaningismorecommoninrailwaysystems,butitisabrand-newsubjectforthenon-dismantlingandimperialcleaningoflargeequipmentsuchastrainairconditioningunits,dieselengineunits,andlocomotiveradiators.ItisthefirstcaseinChinatouseultrasoniccleaningequipmenttocleantrainairconditionerswithoutdismantlingthedepotofpassengercars.Thereductionoflaborintensity,improvementofcleaningquality,reductionofenvironmentalprotectioncosts,civilizedproduction,andimprovementofon-sitemanagementhaveallcreatedanewsituation,butthelevelofpopularizationisverylow.
Processapplicationbeforeelectroplatingandspraying:Productsprayingpretreatmentprocess,thegeneraltraditionalprocessusesacidtotreattheworkpiece,whichcausesseriousenvironmentalpollutionandpoorworkingenvironment.Atthesametime,theresidualacidafterpicklingandrustremovalofpartswithcomplexstructuresisdifficulttoclean.Aftertheworkpieceissprayed,thetimeisnotlong,andrustappearsalongthecracks,whichdamagesthesurfaceofthecoating,andseriouslyaffectstheappearanceandinternalqualityoftheproduct.Aftertheultrasoniccleaningtechnologyisappliedtothepre-treatmentofcoating,notonlycanthedirtonthesurfaceoftheobjectandthegapbequicklypeeledoff,butalsothesprayedlayerofthepaintedpartisfirmandwillnotreturnrust.
Usingthecavitationeffectproducedbyultrasonicintheliquid,theoilstainsonthesurfaceoftheworkpiececanbecleaned,andwiththeappropriatecleaningagent,thesurfaceoftheworkpiececanbequicklytreatedwithhighcleanliness.
电镀工艺，对工件表面清洁度要求较高，而超声波清洗技术是能达到此要求的理想技术。利用超声波清洗技术，可以替代溶剂清洗油污；可以替代电解除油；可以替代强酸浸蚀去除碳钢及低合金钢表面的铁锈及氧化皮。
其他：感光材料制造、造纸、某些食品领域的液体消泡（去除溶解的空气）。
应用举例
珠宝行：项链、耳环、手镯、钱币、剃须刀头、钟表、笔尖、钱币、徽章、五金零件。
眼镜行：眼镜、镜片、玻璃、隐型眼镜附件等。
其它：假牙、打印机墨头、证章、餐具、超声波清洗剂。
工艺介绍
1．抛光件表面抛光膏的清洗：一般情况下，抛光膏常常采用石蜡调合，石蜡分子量大，熔点较高，常温下呈固态，是较难清洗的物质，传统的办法是采用有机溶剂清洗或高温碱水煮洗有许多弊病。采用超声波清洗则可使用水基清洗剂，在中温条件下，几分钟内将工件表面彻底清洗干净，常用工艺流程是：①浸泡→②超声波清洗→③清水（净水）漂洗。
2.表面有油及少量锈的冷轧钢板：冷轧钢板表面一般有油、污或少量铁锈，要洗干净比较容易，但经一般方法清洗后，工件表面仍残留一层非常细薄的污渍，影响后续加工质量，有时不得不再采用强酸浸泡的办法去除这层污渍。而采用超声波清洗并加入适当的清洗液，可方便快捷地实现工件表面彻底清洁，并使工件表面具有较高的活性，有时甚至可以免去电镀前酸浸活化工序。
3.表面有氧化皮和黄锈的工件：传统的办法是采用盐酸或硫酸浸泡清洗。如采用超声波综合处理技术，可以快捷地在几分钟内同时去除工件表面的油、锈、并避免了因强酸清洗伴随产生的氢脆问题。
焊接
塑料焊接
1．对接法：机械波随焊头将超声波传导至焊件，由于两焊件处声阻大，使焊件交界面融合。在一定压力下，使两焊件达到美观、快速、坚固的对接效果。
2.埋植（插）法：螺母或其它金属欲插入塑料工件。首先将超声波传至金属，使金属物直接埋入成型塑胶内，其固化后完成埋插。
3.铆接法：欲将金属和塑料或两块性质不同的塑料接合起来，可利用超声波铆接法，使焊件不易脆化、美观、坚固。
4.点焊法：利用小型焊头将两件大型塑料制品分点焊接，或整排齿状的焊头直接压于两件塑料工件上，从而达到点焊的效果。
5.成型法：利用超声波将塑料工件瞬间成型，当塑料凝固时可使金属或其它材质的塑料牢固。
6.切除法：利用焊头及底座的特别设计方式，当塑料工件刚射出时，直接压于塑料的枝干上，通过超声波传导达到切除的效果。
金属焊接
按国际通行的用途，超声波金属焊有四大系列：点焊、滚焊、封切、线束，应用于：汽车、制冷、太阳能、电池、电子等各个领域。
超声波金属焊接适用产品：
A.动力电池多层正、负极焊接；镍氢电池镍网与镍片焊接。
B.锂电池、聚合物电池铜箔与镍片焊接；铝箔与铝片焊接；铝片与镍片焊接。
C.汽车线束；电线头成型；电线互焊；多条电线互焊成线结；铜、铝线转换。
D.电线、电缆与名种电子元件、接点、连接器、端子焊接。
E.太阳能电池、平板太阳能吸热板、铝塑复合管滚焊，铜、铝板拼接。
F.电磁开关、无熔丝开关等大电流接点、触点、异种金属片的焊接。
G.冰箱、空调等行业铜管封尾；真空器件铜、铝管封切可水、气密。
美容
1.软坚去脂治暗疮：
暗疮的形态有多种，较常见的有化脓性和粉刺性，但有种暗疮体形较大，红肿坚硬，碰之很痛，处理不当往往易形成坚硬瘢结。遇到此类患者，初期最好不要刺破挤压，应用超声波美容机加暗疮消炎膏，轻轻在疮表面按摩，每个疮体按摩1分钟左右，几个连在一起的可整片按摩，超声波能冲击淋巴结，加速积压的血液和淋巴液循环消散，炎性细胞在超声波的作用下改变形状，加上超声波将消炎药物导入，肿形暗疮的充血现象得以改善，皮上硬结逐渐软化。
2.消除暗疮愈后瘢痕（结节）
暗疮生长期间，不少患者因挤压过度，发炎时处理不当，将微细血管弄破，血液渗出皮肤，呈现出一个个“红印”，也有些人用消炎药力过强的药膏，刺激皮肤色素沉着，愈后留下“咖啡色印”，而超声波能渗透皮肤，不但能溶解渗透皮肤干涸了的血液，同时能加强血液循环及新陈代谢，活化细胞，加速吸收，使色印更快褪去。暗疮化脓若经挤压或局部组织损坏过度，局部组织细胞经细菌感染死亡后，无法正常代谢及血管破裂渗出的污血未作适当处理而凝固，造成愈后结节硬块，此种结节硬块，一般若搽瘢痕膏或涂瘢痕油，最快也要15~45天才能逐渐软化和色素淡化，若以超声波配合相应药物，愈后会情况良好。
3.清除皮肤异常色素：
脸部皮肤色素异常，是最常见也是最碍皮肤美容的问题之一。形成的原因有多种，如使用不适宜之化妆品或较长时间搽刺激性药品、蚊虫咬伤、曝晒、烫伤等原因引发的不正常高色素症，还包括美容师常说的黄褐斑、子宫斑、蝴蝶斑等。
美容医师常用“磨砂、漂白、护肤”去处理，结果不仅不理想，而且往往会适得其反，令色素愈来愈深，服药物亦难有显著效果，而应用超声波配合祛斑精华素和大剂量维生素C，见效快，能彻底清除异常色素。治疗时要详细分析长斑的原因、斑的属类，凡找不到原因的斑或基本定型不再长的斑，应用超声波治疗，并配合中药面膜或服用对症之中药，效果会更好。
4.分化色素除皮下斑：
皮肤科医生和美容师常会发现有的人面部长斑，除颜色之外，也有深浅之分，有些仅在表皮，有些却在皮下，如黑斑或色素沉积，如急功近利对患者施以冷冻、电灼、磨皮、换肤等方法，到头来可能弄巧成拙，若伤了真皮而造成永久性瘢痕，患者会遗恨终生，用超声波美容机配合能分化斑细胞的药物进行外部治疗，其效果是立竿见影的。
5.防止皮肤老化干燥、防皱除皱、去瘀散血：
真皮中透明质酸含量减少，会使皮肤与水的结合能力衰退，细胞内含水量降低造成肌肤干燥，30岁以后易产生明显皱纹，时下女性通常借助营养和活性蛋白胶原霜或抗皱霜搽局部皮肤来缓和老化，但由于细胞吸收有限且深层组织代谢停滞，因此效果不佳，如果以超声波配合胎盘素、抗皱霜或维生素E油等营养霜作短期密集性按摩，除供给皮肤高营养、胶原蛋白和保湿性因子外，还可活化刺激深层细胞，使深层细胞大量吸收营养，以减缓老化和干燥，并促进新细胞活化而达到肌肤光泽改善的目的。
皱纹是衰老的象征，应用超声波美容机加上优质的抗皱霜，将抗皱霜里的药物生育酚迅速渗透，能加强代谢和抗衰老，预防小皱纹形成，由于运用超声波的机械按摩作用，一方面调节了皮下细胞通过细胞膜的变化而重新排列作用，另一方面又加强了血液循环和代谢功能，使缺水缺养分的皮肤得到补充，因此小皱纹日渐消失。
6.减轻眼袋和消除黑眼圈：
超声波按摩作用能有效地加速血液和淋巴循环，增强代谢功能；加速皮下吸收，使过多积聚的水份和脂肪消散，眼袋便随之消失，静脉血液循环加快，瘀血减少，血液流通正常，蓝色不再明显，黑眼圈也就没有了。做这种治疗时，就必须采用超声波美容机的小声头，配合营养霜、眼霜或精华素，顺着皮肤纹理的方向按摩，每次每个眼袋5分钟，力度要小，动作要轻柔，小心勿使药物进入眼睛，声头不能对准眼球主向，以免影响眼睛的眼压和含水量。
7.软化瘢痕，淡化色素：
有些人的体质会因轻或重的外伤、烫伤、烧伤或暗疮感染后引起良性结缔组织的新生物。此种瘢痕的形成并非伤口愈后立即产生，而是愈后1~2个月左右瘢痕增生期后出现。
初期皮肤出现潮红和少数毛细血管扩张，此为瘢痕时期。如未给予适当治疗，则红肿日益显著，扩张的毛细血管也渐增多，水肿突出，显著高出皮面，继以纤维化，触之非常坚实；如在关节部位会产生僵硬及功能障碍，如为面部，则可能产生颜面伤残或口歪眼斜之严重性后遗症。
此类瘢痕疙瘩若为局部性或小面积，则可用超声波配合田七霜或瘢痕软化剂以稍加重力连续间隔2~3天按摩一次，连续2~3个疗程，可逐渐使瘢痕软化、变平，并可淡化色素。
8、做按摩，改善皮质：
面部皮肤的素质，严格来说，每个人都不相同，普通分类为油性、干性、混合性、敏感性。天生皮肤白嫩细腻，得天独厚的人不少，但更多的人因各种各样不同因素刺激影响，会造成很多皮肤问题，如长斑、长疮、形成皱纹等，此类皮质的变化，若能及早预防，当然可以避免或减少发生，即使出现了问题，能及时得到适当的处理，皮肤问题能尽快消除，同时皮肤素质也能得到改善或恢复。常在皮肤保养方面应用超声波，能使皮质变细变嫩、去脂、提高抗病力，确是一种优异的美容保健方法。
中国超声波清洗机设备厂家主要集中在广东的广州、深圳、东莞，江苏的苏州、常州，杭州等。
研究情况
2014年1月，弗吉尼亚理工大学加里兰研究所的科学家的一项新发现表明，将超声波直接作用于脑部特定区域，能增强人们对触觉的分辨能力。这项发现第一次证明了低强度、经颅聚焦超声波能调节人类脑活动，提高觉察能力。相关论文在线发表于《自然·神经科学》上。
研究人员对处理手部感觉的脑皮层区发送了聚焦超声波。为了刺激中间神经（沿手臂下来通过腕骨通道的一条神经），他们在志愿者手腕放了一个小电极，并用脑电图（EEG）记录其脑部反应。然后在刺激神经之前，瞄准相应脑区开始发送超声波。结果发现，超声波能降低EEG信号，削弱脑波对编码触觉刺激的反应。
研究人员随后进行了两项传统神经学测试：两点辨别和波长辨别。前者检查志愿者能否区分接触皮肤的两个相邻物体是在不同的两个点；后者检测志愿者对一串气流波长的敏感性。实验显示，在辨别靠近物体、连续气流波长的微小差异方面，接受超声波的志愿者的觉察能力明显提高。当研究小组将超声波束从原来位置移动了一厘米时，这种影响消失了。
研究人员认为，聚焦超声波在它瞄准的脑区部位，改变了处理感觉刺激时兴奋与抑制的平衡，这种改变阻止了刺激兴奋的扩展，使得觉知功能增强。这一发现带来了一种调节人脑活动的非入侵式新方法，而且空间分辨率超过现有任何方法。基于相关的研究结果，研究人员认为，超声波的经颅磁刺激和经颅直流电刺激的空间分辨率更高。
超声波为精确掌握神经回路活动提供了技术和理论证明，有助于开发神经退行性紊乱病症的潜在疗法，也为探索正常人脑功能，理解认知、决策与思维带来了强有力的新工具。
超声手术会不会对人体产生危害
随着科技的发展、医疗技术的进步，传统外科手术也经历了一次又一次的进步。从开刀手术到腔镜手术，发展到现在，外科手术已经实现了不开刀、不留疤痕，在体外对体内进行手术，这便是我国自主研发的聚焦超声手术。那么，聚焦超声手术会不会给患者带来一定的危害？带着这个问题，人民网科普中国采访了重庆医科大学生物医学工程学院教授、超声医疗国家工程研究中心主任、中国首席科普传播专家王智彪和中国首席科普传播专家组成员、超声医疗国家工程研究中心医学专家、主任医师汪炼。
对于许多人来说，聚焦超声手术是新鲜事物，人们可能会认为传统的开腹手术或者外科手术更加安全靠谱。那么，聚焦超声手术会不会给患者带来伤害？对此，王智彪说，“以前，用肉眼看到肚子里面只能是神话，但近代科学让我们实现了这一神话。CT、核磁共振、PET都可以让人们在体外看到体内，比开刀看得还要清楚，我们现在甚至可以做到3D器官重建，这些都是利用机械波反射或X光等穿透人体，这些对人体都没有伤害，聚焦超声手术的原理跟这些是一样的，也是利用超声波穿过人体，同样对人体没有伤害”。
聚焦超声手术是将体外无害的低能超声波穿过身体聚焦到体内患处，使患处的细胞及组织发生凝固性坏死，从而达到治疗效果。那么这种辐射会不会对人体造成一定的伤害呢？对此，王智彪表示，当超声波穿过人的手时，手只会有微微的感觉，但是超声波聚焦成一个点时，身体中的肿瘤细胞会被彻底杀死，由于焦点具有较高的精确性，所以身体其他组织不会受到伤害。“根据我们多年研究而形成的临床治疗方案，加上医生对于手术的实时监控，聚焦超声手术可以做到只迫害肿瘤，而让其他身体组织免受伤害”，王智彪说。
聚焦超声手术是将病灶组织在人体内消融，而不是直接取出，那么这样会不会对人体产生一定的危害？对此，汪炼表示，人类拥有与生俱来的强大免疫能力和排异功能，当创伤出现以后，人体会迅速启动自愈功能，“比如人们在不经意间擦破表皮，几天就可以恢复原状，甚至看不到受伤的痕迹，这都要归功于人体免疫修复的巨大功能”。她指出，当坏死组织比如子宫肌瘤被杀死后，机体会自动启动自愈系统，从而将坏死组织进行识别、包围，进而将其分解、吞食、吸收。