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User Interface



Introduction

UserInterface(UserInterface,abbreviatedasUI,alsoknownasuseTheuserinterface)isthemediumforinteractionandinformationexchangebetweenthesystemandtheuser,whichrealizestheconversionbetweentheinternalformofinformationandtheformacceptabletohumans.

Theuserinterfaceisrelatedsoftwaredesignedforinteractionandcommunicationbetweentheuserandthehardware,sothattheusercanconvenientlyandeffectivelyoperatethehardwaretoachievetwo-wayinteractionandcompletethedesiredwork,Theuserinterfaceiswidelydefined,includinghuman-computerinteractionandgraphicaluserinterface.Userinterfacesexistinallfieldsthatparticipateintheinformationexchangebetweenhumansandmachines.

Usersandsystemsgenerallyinteractwithproblem-orientedrestrictednaturallanguage.Atpresent,somesystemshavebeguntousemultimediatechnologytodevelopanewgenerationofuserinterfaces.

Introduction

Softwaredesigncanbedividedintotwoparts:codingdesignandUIdesign.Everyoneisfamiliarwithcodingdesign,butUIdesignisstillaveryunfamiliarword.EvensomepeoplewhospecializeinwebsiteandmultimediadesigndonotfullyunderstandthemeaningofUI.TheoriginalmeaningofUIisuserinterface,whichistheabbreviationofEnglishUserandinterface.Literally,itisthetwocomponentsoftheuserandtheinterface,butinfactitalsoincludestheinteractiverelationshipbetweentheuserandtheinterface.

Interfacedesign,inthelongsoftwaredevelopment,theinterfacedesignworkhasnotbeenpaidattentionto.Peoplewhodointerfacedesignarealsocalled"artists"inaderogatorysense.Infact,softwareinterfacedesignisjustlikeindustrialmodelingdesigninindustrialproducts,anditisanimportantbuyingpointforproducts.Afriendlyandbeautifulinterfacewillbringcomfortablevisualenjoymenttopeople,shortenthedistancebetweenpeopleandthecomputer,andcreatesellingpointsforbusinesses.Interfacedesignisnotapureartpainting,itneedstolocatetheuser,useenvironment,usemethodanddesignfortheenduser.Itisapurelyscientificartdesign.Thestandardfortestinganinterfaceisneithertheopinionofaprojectdevelopmentteamleadernortheresultofvotingbyprojectmembers,butthefeelingsoftheenduser.Therefore,interfacedesignmustbecloselyintegratedwithuserresearch,whichisaprocessofcontinuouslydesigningsatisfactoryvisualeffectsforendusers.

IntheprocessofHumanMachineInteraction(HumanMachineInteraction),thereisalevel,whichiswhatwecallinterface.Fromtheperspectiveofpsychologicalmeaning,theinterfacecanbedividedintotwolevels:sensation(visual,tactile,auditory,etc.)andemotion.Userinterfacedesignisanimportantpartofscreenproducts.Interfacedesignisacomplexprojectinvolvingtheparticipationofdifferentdisciplines.Cognitivepsychology,design,linguistics,etc.allplayimportantroleshere.Thethreeprinciplesofuserinterfacedesignare:placetheinterfaceundertheuser'scontrol;reducetheuser'smemoryburden;andmaintaintheconsistencyoftheinterface.

UserInterface

Thesoftwareandhardwarepartoftheelectroniccomputersystemthatrealizestheexchangeofinformationbetweentheuserandthecomputer.Thesoftwarepartincludesprocessingsoftwaresuchasuserandcomputerinformationexchangeagreements,operationcommands,andthehardwarepartincludesinputdevicesandoutputdevices.Atpresent,thegraphicaluserinterfaceiscommonlyused,whichusesamulti-windowsystem,whichdisplaysadirectimageandiseasytooperate.Alsocalledman-machineinterface.Referredtoasinterface.

AppleOS

TheconceptoftheuserinterfaceofiPhoneOSisbasedonthedirectoperationofmulti-touch.Controlmethodsincludesliding,tappingswitchesandbuttons.Interactionwiththesystemincludesswiping,tapping,pinchingandreversepinching.Inaddition,throughitsbuilt-inaccelerator,therotatingdevicecanbemadetochangeitsy-axistochangethedirectionofthescreen.ThisdesignmakestheiPhonemoreconvenienttouse.

Thereisahomebuttonatthebottomofthescreenandthedockatthebottom.Theiconsofthefourmostfrequentlyusedprogramsarefixedonthedock.Thereisastatusbaratthetopofthescreenthatcandisplaysomerelateddata,suchastime,batterypower,andsignalstrength.Theremainingscreensareusedtodisplaycurrentapplications.TheonlywaytostartaniPhoneapplicationistoclicktheiconoftheapplicationonthecurrentscreen,andtoexittheapplicationistopressthehomebuttonatthebottomofthescreen.Afterthethird-partysoftwareexits,itisdirectlyclosed,butintheupcomingiPhone3.0version,whenthethird-partysoftwarereceivesnewinformation,Apple’sserverwillpushthesenotificationstotheiPhoneoriPodTouch.(Regardlessofwhetheritisrunningornot).OntheiPhone,manyapplicationsareconnected,sothatdifferentapplicationscansharethesameinformation(forexample,whenyoureceiveatextmessagethatincludesaphonenumber,youcanchoosetosavethephonenumberMakeacallforthecontactpersonordirectlyselectthisnumber).

Designer

UIdesignisdividedinto3directionsfromtheworkcontent.FigureItismainlydeterminedbythethreefactorsofUIresearch,whichareresearchtools,researchontherelationshipbetweenhumansandinterfaces,andresearchonhumans.

Researchinterface----GraphicUIdesigner

Atpresent,mostoftheUIworkersinChinaareengagedinthisindustry.Somepeoplecallitanartist,butinfactitisnotanartworkerinapuresense,butaproductshapedesignerforsoftwareproducts.

Mostofthesedesignersgraduatedfromartcolleges,andmostofthemhaveartdesigneducationbackground,suchasindustrialshapedesign,decorationdesign,informationmultimediadesign,etc.Tostudytherelationshipbetweenhumanandinterface---interactiondesigner,interactiondesigner

Beforethecreationofgraphicalinterfaces,UIdesignershavelongbeenreferredtoasinteractiondesigners.Theworkcontentoftheinteractiondesigneristodesignthesoftwareoperatingprocess,treestructure,softwarestructureandoperatingspecifications(spec),etc.Whatasoftwareproductneedstodobeforecodingisinteractiondesign,andestablishaninteractionmodelandinteractionspecifications.

Interactiondesignersgenerallyhavesoftwareengineerbackgrounds.

Researcher----Userexperienceengineer/researchengineer

Anyproductneedstobetestedinordertoensurequality,softwarecodingneedstobetested,andnaturalUIdesignalsoneedstobetested.test.Thistesthasnothingtodowithcoding,mainlytotesttherationalityoftheinteractiondesignandtheaestheticsofthegraphicdesign.ThetestingmethodgenerallyadoptsfocusgroupsandmeasurestherationalityofUIdesignintheformoftargetuserquestionnaires.Thispositionisveryimportant.Withoutthisposition,thequalityofUIdesigncanonlybejudgedbythedesigner'sexperienceortheleadership'saesthetics,whichwillbringseriousriskstotheenterprise.

Userresearchengineersgenerallyhaveabackgroundinpsychologyandhumanities.

Insummary,UIdesignersare:softwaregraphicdesigners,interactiondesigners,anduserresearchengineers.

Historyofdevelopment

Ancient

Theoldestuserinterfaceisthecreationofsymbolsandgraphicsonvariousobjects,soastocreateaninteractiveinterfacebetweenhumansandobjectsForexample,whenhumansseethesignboard,theyknowwhattheroleofthehouseis.

Theuseofsounds,flags,andgesturesisauserinterfacebetweenpeopleorbetweenpeopleanddevices,suchasinbattlefieldsorbandperformances,orevenusingtortoiseshellsandcoinsfordivination.TeachersuseTheblackboardservesasauserinterfacewithstudents,andtheabacusisalsoanearlyman-machineinterfacecomposedofbeads.

Earlycomputerbatchinterface(popularin1945-1968):Allinputdataispresetintheprogramorcommandlineparameters.Commandlineinterface(popularin1969-1983):Theuserinputsinstructionsthroughthekeyboard,andthecomputerrunstheinstructionsafterreceivingtheinstructions.

Modern

Computer:Graphicaluserinterfacegenerallyreferstothehardwareandsoftwarethatcommunicateandinteractbetweentheuserandthecomputer.ThepurposeistoenabletheuserofthecomputersystemtoeasilyandefficientlygoOperatethecomputertoachievetwo-wayinteractionandcompletetheworkthatyouwanttocompletewiththecomputer.Thescopeincludes:earlyfrompapertapeinputequipmenttokeyboard,mouse,digitalversionandotherdatainputequipment,displayscreen,sound,etc.outputEquipment,referencefiles,onlineinstructions,teachingcoursesandotherauxiliarymaterials,themodeofhuman-computerinteractionhasreachedtheuserinterfacebetweencomputersandhumansthatonlyrecognize1and0.

Inthegraphicaluserinterface,windows,icons,buttonsandothergraphicsaredisplayedonthecomputerscreentorepresentactionsfordifferentpurposes,andtheuserselectsthemthroughapointingdevicesuchasamouse.ThemostfamousexampleisthegraphicaluserinterfacecreatedbyAppleinMacintosh.

Inthe1980s,thecomputeruserinterfacerevolutionwaswhentheMacintoshpublishedbyAppleComputerusedWIMP(windows,mapkeys,windows,andmouseandmouse)toconvertthegraphicaluserinterface(GUI))Wasbroughtintothemassmarketandreplacedthecommandlineinterfaceusedbyearlycomputers.

Intheearly1990s,MicrosoftreleasedWindows3.0toconsolidatethischange.

Industry:Theman-machineinterfaceintheindustryalsobringsthetraditionalbuttonskinintothefriendlytouchman-machineinterface(Human-MachineInterface,abbreviationHMI),theuserinterfaceintheindustryissimplydividedintoInput(input)andOutput(output).Inputreferstotheoperationbyhumans.Theoperationofmachineryorequipment,suchashandles,switches,doors,instructions(commands),maintenance,etc.,andOutputreferstothenotificationsissuedbythemachineryorequipment,suchasfaults,warnings,operatinginstructions,etc.,OKTheman-machineinterfacewillhelpusersoperatethemachinemoresimply,correctlyandquickly,anditcanalsomaximizetheperformanceandextendtheservicelifeofthemachine.Theman-machineinterfacecurrentlyonthemarketmostlyreferstothehumannatureofthesoftware.Thehardware(suchastouchscreen)ofthecustomizedoperationinterface.

Therearestillmanyotheruserinterfaces,whichhaveevolvedfromtraditionalancientinterfacessuchasbuttonsandpapertodirectlytouchthebuttonsandiconsdisplayedonthetouchscreenwithfingersoraspecialpentoperformvariousoperations.Suchasautomatedtellermachines(ATM),carnavigation,mediaplayers,gameconsoles,mobilephones,etc.,generallyoperatesimplyandintuitively.

Future

Futureuserinterface:

Amorerealisticandinteractivevirtualreality:Forexample,itcanbeusedasaControl-ThemeaningoftheAlt-Deletekey.Brain-computerinterface:Itisadirectconnectionchannelcreatedbetweenhumanoranimalbrain(orbraincellculture)andexternalequipment.Itisstillintheexperimentalstage.Scientistshaveimplantedcomputerchipsintheactualbrainsofpatientswithsystemicparalysis.Successfullyusebrainwavestocontrolcomputers,drawsimplepatternsandcomputergames,butwhenfutureresearchissuccessful,humanscanusebrainwavesasauserinterface.

CurrentsituationinChina

Atpresent,UIisstillarelativelyunfamiliarwordinChina,evensomedesignersdon'tknowthiswordwell.Weoftenseesomejobadvertisementsthatsay:Recruitinginterfaceartists,interfaceartdesigners,andsoon.ThisshowsthatthedomesticunderstandingoftheUIisstillintheartdesign,thinkingthattheworkoftheUIisonlystrokesandlines,andlacksanunderstandingoftheimportanceofuserinteraction;ontheotherhand,thereisstillafocusontechnologybutnotonthesoftwaredevelopmentprocess.Appliedphenomenon.Manybusinessesbelievethatthecoreofsoftwareproductsistechnology,andUIisonlyasecondaryaid,whichcanbereflectedintheproportionofpersonnelandtreatment.

ButthisisnotthetruevalueofUIdesign,butanecessaryprocessofUIdesigndevelopment.Let'stakethematerialproductmobilephoneindustryasanexample.Whenmobilephonesfirstenteredthemarket,theywerenotonlyextremelyexpensive,butalsohadnootherfunctionsbesidesmakingcalls.Asthedominanttechnologyatthattime,everyonefocusedonthesignal,standbytime,lifespan,etc.,andseldomcaredabouttheproduct'sshapeandtherationalityofuse.Thesituationhaschanged,andnowthetechnologyhasfullymettheneedsofusers,soinordertocreatesellingpointsandincreasecompetitiveness,businessesattachgreatimportancetoproductdesign.Inaddition,theyalsofrequentlylaunchtextmessages,colorscreens,Hexuan,MMS,cameras,andsoon.Inthisway,theproduct'sbeauty,personality,easeofuse,easeoflearning,humanization,etc.havebecomethesellingpointoftheproduct.Thedevelopmentofsoftwareproductsandmaterialproductsisthesame.Inthepast,duetothelimitationsofcomputerhardware,codingdesignbecamesynonymouswithsoftwaredevelopment.Thebeautifulandfriendlygraphicalinterfaceandthereasonableandeasy-to-useinteractionmethodwerenotpaidenoughattention.Infact,thesoftwareofthisperiodiscalledsoftwareprogram,notsoftware.product.

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputerhardware,thepastsoftwareprogramscannolongermeettherequirementsofusers.Inthefiercemarketcompetitionofsoftwareproducts,onlypowerfulfunctionsarefarfromenough,andtheyarenotenoughtodefeatstrongopponents.Fortunately,somenationalcompanieswithfar-sightedvisioninChinahavebeguntorealizethehugesellingpointsthatUIbringstosoftwareproducts.Forexample,Kingsoft’sHades,PowerWord,Drugmaster,andNetBac.BecauseoftheimportanceofUIdevelopmentandstatus,KingsoftTheproductissecondtononeinsimilarsoftwareproducts.TheUIdepartmentofLenovoSoftwareisactivelyconductinguserresearchandusabilitytesting,combiningeaseofuseandbeauty,andlaunchingsuccessfulUIexamplessuchasdual-modecomputersandthehappinessseries,whichhaswonLenovothetitleofthird-largestconsumerPCintheworld,etc..Practicehasprovedthataslongaseachbusinesshasasmallinvestmentinproductbeautyandeasy-to-usedesign,therewillbegreatoutput.Itsinput-outputratioismuchlargerthantheinvestmentinfunctionalleadingdevelopment.

Wehavetoadmitthatatthisstage,ChinahasaconsiderablegapwithWesterndevelopedcountriesinmanyfields.Howtocatchupwithandsurpassthemisthehistoricalmissionofourgeneration.Inthefieldofsoftwareproducts,unlikematerialproducts,therearenorestrictionsontechnologyandmaterials.Thecoreproblemofsoftwareproductsispeople.ImprovingthepersonalcapabilitiesofsoftwareUIdesignersandreducingthegapinpersonnelisthemostimportantissueforChina'sUIdevelopment.

Currently,domesticcollegesanduniversitieshavenotestablishedrelativelysoundUIdesignmajors,sothekeytoimprovingtheabilityofUIdesignersistoprovideagoodlearningandcommunicationresourceenvironment.TherearealreadymanycommunicationdesignwebsitesinChinathatintroduceindustrialdesign,graphicdesign,fashiondesign,paintingart,multimediaflash,etc.,butUIdesignhasnotreceivedtheattentionitdeserves,andisonlyplacedinacolumnofdigitaldesignorgraphicwebdesign.,Theonlyresourcesarenotenoughtotrainexcellentdesigners.TheremustbeaplaceforUIdesignlearningandcommunicationwithfastinformation,richresources,first-classdesignlevel,andprofessionalauthoritytomeettheneedsoftheever-developingUIdesigners..

Inthefuture

SoftwareUIdesignshouldbelongtoaspecialformofID(industrialproductdesign),butthematerialisdifferent.Butwiththepopularizationofintelligentelectronicproducts,therewillbemoreandmoreproductswithLCDscreendisplay.ThismeansthatmoreandmoreproductdesignsrequiresoftwareUIdesign.

Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,inthenearfuture,allproductswillbeintegratedandbecomeaubiquitouscomputerthatcontrolsallhouseholdproductsanddataofusers.Aslongastheuserhashisownaccount,hecancontrolallotherproductsthroughanyproduct,andallproductshaveterminalfunctions.ThebasicformofterminaloperationistheUIdesignofthesoftware.

Thetransformationofproductdesignfrommaterialdesigntonon-materialdesignhasbegun,anditwillcertainlybecomethemainstreamoffutureproductdesign,andagreatUIeraiscoming.

Developmentstage

Marketeconomyneedscompetition,competitionwillneeddesigntoimproveproductcompetitiveness.Before2000,domesticUIdesignwasjustbeginningtosprout,butatthattimeUIdesignwasequivalenttographicdesign,whichwasbasicallyreflectedinwebdesign.Later,withthepopularityofflash,someartdesignersbegantothinkaboutinteractivity.In2002,somecompaniesbegantopayattentiontotheimportanceofUIdesign.TheyraisedtheUIdepartmentfromthesoftwarecodingteam,andbegantohavegraphicdesignersandinteractiondesignersspecificallyforsoftwareproducts.After2004,withthelaunchofalargenumberofproductssuchasmobilephones,computeradditionalsoftware,MP3,IDdesignandUIdesignhavebecomemoreandmoreclosely,andUIdesignhasalsobeguntoberaisedtoanewheightandimportance.In2005,thedomesticUIdesignhasbeenrelativelymature,andtherearemanygoodUIfirst-linedesignersandUIdesignexchangeorganizationswithspecializedoccupationaldivisionoflabor.

Worktarget

Withtheadventofthe"UI"boom,inrecentyears,manydomesticcompaniesandcompaniesengagedinmobilephones,software,websites,value-addedservices,etc.havesetupthisdepartment.TherearealsomanycompaniesthatspecializeinUIdesign.ThetreatmentandstatusofsoftwareUIdesignershavegraduallyincreased.

Process

Confirmtargetusers

Inthesoftwaredesignprocess,theroleofrequirementsdesignwilldeterminethetargetusersofthesoftware,andacquiretheneedsofendusersanddirectusers.

Userinteractionshouldtakeintoaccountthedifferencesinthefocusofinteractiondesigncausedbydifferenttargetusers.

Forexample,thedesignfocusisdifferentforscientificusersandforcomputerbeginners.

Collectthehabitualinteractionmethodsoftargetusers

Differenttypesoftargetusershavedifferentinteractionhabits.Thisaccustomedwayofinteractionoftencomesfromitsoriginalinteractionprocessforrealityandtheinteractionprocessofexistingsoftwaretools.

Ofcourse,itisnecessarytofindouttheinteractiveeffectthattheuserhopestoachievethroughresearchandanalysisonthisbasis,andconfirmitwiththeprocess.

Promptandguideusers

Softwareisatoolforusers.Therefore,theusershouldoperateandcontrolthesoftware.Thesoftwarerespondstouseractionsandsetrules.

Fortheresultsandfeedbackofuserinteraction,prompttheuserresultsandfeedbackinformationtoguidetheusertothenextsteprequiredbytheuser.

Consistencyprinciple

Consistentdesigngoals

Thereareoftenmultiplecomponents(components,elements)insoftware.Theinteractiondesigngoalsbetweenthedifferentcomponentsneedtobeconsistent.

Forexample,iftheprimaryuserofcomputeroperationisthetargetuser,andthedesigngoalistosimplifytheinterfacelogic,thenthegoalneedstobeimplementedasawhole,notpartofthesoftware(package).

Consistentappearanceofelements

Theappearanceofinteractiveelementsoftenaffectsuserinteraction.Thesame(class)softwareadoptsaconsistentstyleofappearance,whichisveryhelpfultomaintaintheuser'sfocusandimprovetheinteractioneffect.Unfortunately,thereisnoparticularlyuniformmeasurementmethodforconfirmingthattheappearanceoftheelementsisconsistent.Therefore,itisnecessarytoconductsurveysontargetuserstoobtainfeedback.

Consistentinteractionbehaviors

Intheinteractionmodel,afterusersofdifferenttypesofelementstriggertheircorrespondingbehaviorevents,theirinteractionbehaviorsneedtobeconsistent.

Forexample:Alldialogboxesthatrequireuserconfirmationoperationscontainatleasttwobuttons:ConfirmandDiscard.

Themoreextremeconceptoftheconsistencyprincipleofinteractivebehavioristhatthesametypeofinteractiveelementscausethesamebehavioralevents.However,wecanseethatalthoughthisconceptiscorrectinmostcases,thereareindeedoppositeexamplesthatprovethatdesigningnotinaccordancewiththisconceptwillsimplifytheuser'soperationprocess.

UsabilityPrinciple

Understandable

Forthesoftwaretobeusedbytheuser,theusermustbeabletounderstandthecorrespondingfunctionofeachelementofthesoftware.

Iftheusercannotunderstandit,anon-destructivewayshouldbeprovidedsothattheusercanunderstandthecorrespondingfunctionthroughtheoperationoftheelement.

Forexample:deleteoperationelements.Theusercanclickthedeleteoperationbuttontoprompttheuserhowtodeletetheoperationorwhethertoconfirmthedeleteoperation.Theusercanunderstandthefunctioncorrespondingtotheelementinmoredetail,andcancanceltheoperationatthesametime.

Achievable

Theuseristhecenterofinteraction,andtheinteractiveelementscorrespondtothefunctionsrequiredbytheuser.Therefore,theinteractiveelementsmustbecontrollablebytheuser.

Userscanuseinteractivedevicessuchaskeyboardandmousetomoveandtriggerexistinginteractiveelementstoreachotherpreviouslyinvisibleornon-interactiveinteractiveelements.

Itshouldbenotedthatthenumberofinteractionswillaffecttheachievableeffect.Whenafeatureisdeeplyhidden(generallymorethan4layers),thechanceofusersreachingthatelementisgreatlyreduced.

Theachievableeffectisalsorelatedtotheinterfacedesign.Anoverlycomplexinterfacewillaffecttheachievableeffect.(Refertotheprincipleofsimpleguidance)

Controllable

Theinteractiveprocessofthesoftwarecanbecontrolledbytheuser.

Theexecutionflowofthefunctioncanbecontrolledbytheuser.

Ifitisreallyimpossibletoprovidecontrol,prompttheuserinawaythatcanbeunderstoodbythetargetuser.

Designprinciples

Knowyourusers

Yourusersaretheoneswhoultimatelyjudgethequalityoftheuserinterface,sotheuserisyourultimategoal.Understanduserneeds,nomatterhowgoodyourinterfaceis,itisnottheproductthatuserswant.Sinkdowntocarefullyobservetheuser'spreferences,understandtheirskilllevelandexperience,andobservehowtheyoperateintheinterface.Don'tbeobsessedwithchasingupdatestodesigntrendsorconstantlyaddingnewfeatures.Alwaysrememberthatthefirsttaskistopayattentiontoyouruserssothatyoucancreateaninterfacethatallowsuserstoachievetheirgoals.

PayattentiontotheUImodel

Inthesoftware,mostoftheuser'stimeisconsumedininterfaceoperations(dataentry,datamodification,datareview,etc.),whichisthesameasbrowsingTheuseroperationsofthemainwebsitepagearecompletelydifferent.Wedon'tneedtosuperfluous,userswanttoseethoseexistingsoftwareinterfaceswithsimilarfunctionsorfollowbasicoperationmethodsinthenewlycreatedinterface.Therefore,usingthecustomaryUImodelwillmakeusersfeelintimacy.

Beconsistent

Usersneedtoknowthatoncetheylearntodoacertainoperation,itwillworkthesamenexttime.Language,layout,anddesignareseveralinterfaceelementsthatneedtobeconsistent.Aconsistentinterfaceallowsuserstohaveabetterunderstandingofhowtooperate,therebyimprovingefficiency.

Clearvisualhierarchy

Whendesigning,letusersfocusonthemostimportantplace.Thesize,colorandpositionofeachelementtogetherpointthewayforunderstandingtheinterface.Aclearhierarchicalrelationshipwillplayanimportantroleinreducingthecomplexityofappearance(evenwhenthebehavioritselfisequallycomplex).

Providefeedback

Theinterfacemustalwaysmaintaincommunicationwiththeuser,regardlessofwhethertheirbehaviorisrightorwrong.Prompttheuser'sbehavioratanytime:statuschange,errororabnormalinformation.Visualcuesorsimpletextreminderscantelluserswhethertheiractionscanachievetheexpectedresults.

Faulttolerancemechanism

Nomatterhowclearyourdesignis,userswillmakemistakes.Yourinterfaceshouldallowandprovideuserswithawaytoundoactions,andbeastolerantofawidevarietyofinputdata(noonewantstostartoverjustbecausetheyfillinthewrongbirthdayformat).Similarly,ifauser’sbehaviorcausesanerror,usetheinformationattherighttimetoshowwhatbehavioriswrong,andmakesurethattheuserunderstandshowtopreventthiserrorfromhappeningagain.

Encourageusers

Oncetheuserhascompletedthekeyoperation,theusershouldbenotifiedintime(pop-updialogbox,etc.).Itisworthnotingthatdecomposingacomplexprocesstaskintoseveralsimplestepswillbemorecomplicatedanddistracting.Therefore,nomatterhowcomplicatedandlongthetaskisbeingperformed,theinterfacemustbekeptuninterrupted.

Languagehasaffinity

Allinterfaceshavemoreorlesstextonthem,sothatthemanuscriptsareascolloquiallyaspossible,ratherthanpiledupwithgorgeousrhetoric.Provideclearandconciselabelsforbehaviorsandkeepsimplenarratives.Userswillappreciatethisbecausetheyarenolongerintheofficialvoiceofothers-theyheartheexpressionslikefriendsoreventhemselves.

Keepitsimple

Thebestuserinterfaceisnointerface.Intheexcellentsoftwareinterface,youcan'tseetheflashyUIdecoration,letalonethedesignelementsthatyoudon'tneed.Sowhenthinkingaboutwhethertoaddanewfeatureorelementtotheinterface,thinkagain:Dousersorinterfacesreallyneedthese?Whydouserswanttobethissmalldynamiciconhere?Aretheseelementsjustaddedoutofself-interestandthebeautyofthepage?ThesoftwareinterfacemadebyanexcellentUIengineerwillnotbeverygorgeous,andthereisnoelementintheinterfacethatdistractstheuser'sattentionanddisturbstheuser'soperation.Itshouldevenbeachievedthatwhenusersusethesystem,theycan'tpayattentiontothepageandcomplicatedoperations.Everythingshouldbelogical.

Applicationproducts

Industrialapplications

Touchscreen:Itcanbeusedtoreplacemechanicalbuttonskinsandcanreceivetouches(whetheritisafingerOrplasticpentip,etc.)andotherinductiveliquidcrystaldisplaydeviceswithinputsignalshavereachedtheman-machineinterfacebetweenmechanicaldevicesandhumans.

Entertainmentapplications

Gameconsole:Thegameconsoleislikeacomputer,themaincomponentsareverysimilar,andtherearevarioussoftwareandhardwareforinstallationanduse.ThemainhardwarecomponentsofthegamemachineincludeCPU,memory,storagemedia,audio-visualoutputequipment,signalinputequipmentandothermechanicalequipment.Amongthem,thesignalinputdevicesofgameconsoles,suchashandlesorjoysticks,enabletelevisionsandcomputerstointeractwithhumansingeniouslythroughsimplebuttons.Thegamesoftwarealsousesgraphicsandtexttoachieveinteractionbetweenmachinesandhumans.Human-machineinterfaceforentertainment.

Computerapplications

Hardware:thekeyboard,mouse,anddisplayformthesoftware:Microsoft’sWindowsandApple’sMacOS.

Designspecification

Consistencyprinciple

Adheretotheuserexperience-centereddesignprinciple,theinterfaceisintuitiveandconcise,andtheoperationisconvenientandquick,Aftertheusercontactsthesoftware,thecorrespondingfunctionsontheinterfaceareclearataglance,andtheapplicationsystemcanbeeasilyusedwithoutmuchtraining.

  • Font-Keepthefontandcolorconsistent,avoidmultiplefontsinasetofthemes;-Unmodifiablefieldsaredisplayedingraytextuniformly.User Interface

  • Alignment-Keepthealignmentofelementsinthepageconsistent.Iftherearenospecialcircumstances,avoidmultipledataalignmentsonthesamepage.

  • Formentry-Inthepagesthatcontainmandatoryandoptionalfields,aprominentmark(*)mustbegivennexttothemandatoryfields;-eachTypedatainputneedstolimitthetypeoftext,anddoformatverification.Forexample,onlynumbersareallowedtobeenteredinthephonenumber,andtheemailaddressneedstoinclude"@",etc.,andaclearpromptwillbegivenwhentheuserenterstheerror.

  • Mousegestures-clickablebuttonsandlinksneedtoswitchthemousegesturestothehandshape;

  • Keepthefunctionandcontentdescriptionconsistent-Avoidusingmultiplewordsinthesamefunctiondescription,suchaseditingandmodifying,addingandadding,deletingandclearingmixeduse,etc.Itisrecommendedtoestablishaproductdictionaryintheprojectdevelopmentstage,includingthecommonlyusedtermsanddescriptionsintheproduct,andthedesignerordevelopershallstrictlyfollowthetermvocabularyintheproductdictionarytodisplaytextinformation.

Principleofaccuracy

Useconsistentmarks,standardabbreviationsandcolors,andthemeaningofthedisplayedinformationshouldbeveryclear.Usersnolongerneedtorefertoothersourcesofinformation.

  • Displaymeaningfulerrormessagesinsteadofpureprogramerrorcodes.

  • Avoidusingtextinputboxestoplacenon-editabletextcontent,anddonotusetextinputboxesaslabels.

  • Useindentationandtexttoaidunderstanding.

  • Useuserlanguagevocabularyinsteadofpureprofessionalcomputerterms.

  • Usethedisplayspaceofthemonitorefficiently,butavoidovercrowdingthespace.

  • Maintainlanguageconsistency,suchas"OK"correspondsto"Cancel",and"Yes"correspondsto"No".

Principlesofrationalizationoflayout

WhendesigningUI,itisnecessarytofullyconsidertherationalizationoflayoutandfollowtheuser’stoppriority.Next,browseandoperatefromlefttorighttoavoidthedisadvantagesofexcessivelydispersingthearrangementoffrequentlyusedbusinessfunctionbuttons,whichmaycausetheusertomovethemouseoveralongdistance.Domore"subtraction"operationstohidetheinfrequentlyusedfunctionblockstokeeptheinterfaceconcise,sothatuserscanfocusonthemainbusinessoperationprocess,whichisconducivetoimprovingtheeaseofuseandusabilityofthesoftware.

  • Menu-Keepthemenuconciseandtheaccuracyoftheclassification,andavoidthemenudepthexceeding3levels.-Thefunctioninthemenuneedstoopenanewpagetocomplete,youneedtoadd"..."afterthemenuname.[OnlyapplicabletoC/Sstructure,pleaseignoreB/S].

  • ButtonTheconfirmoperationbuttonisplacedontheleft,andthecancelorclosebuttonisplacedontheright.

  • Functions-Unfinishedfunctionsmustbehidden,andshouldnotbeplacedinthepagecontenttoavoidmisunderstandings.

  • Typesetting-Alltextcontentistypesettoavoidedgedisplay(pageedge),trytokeep10-20pixelspacingandcenterintheverticaldirectionAlign;keepatleast10pixelsbetweenthecontrolelements,andensurethatthecontrolelementsarenotclosetotheedgeofthepage.

  • Tabledatalist-Characterdataisleft-aligned,numeric-typedataisright-aligned(easytoreadandcompare),andthedecimalsareuniformlydisplayedaccordingtothefieldrequirementsNumberofbits.

  • ScrollBar-Horizontalscrollbarsshouldbeavoidedwhendesigningthepagelayout.

  • Pagenavigation(breadcrumbnavigation)-Abreadcrumbnavigationbarshouldappearinaprominentpositiononthepagetolettheuserknowthecurrentlocationofthepage,andClarifythenavigationstructure,suchas:Home>NewsCenter>OukeSmartInvestmentServicePlatformwasofficiallyreleased,andtheunderlinedpartsareclickablelinks.

  • Informationpromptwindow-Theinformationpromptwindowshouldbelocatedinthecenterofthecurrentpage,andthebackgroundlayershouldbeappropriatelyweakenedtoreduceinformationinterferenceandallowuserstopayattentionFocusonthecurrentinformationpromptwindow.Thegeneralpracticeistoaddatranslucentcolor-filledmasklayeronthebackoftheinformationpromptwindow.

Theprincipleofrationalityofsystemoperation

  • Trytoensurethatusersdonotusethemouse(onlyuseInthecaseofkeyboard),somecommonbusinessoperationscanalsobecompletedsmoothly,andeachcontrolcanbeswitchedthroughtheTabkey,andalleditabletextscanbeselectedandprocessed.

  • Forqueryretrievalpages,pressingEnterinthequeryconditioninputboxshouldautomaticallytriggerthequeryoperation.

  • Insomeirreversibleordeleteoperations,thereshouldbeamessagetoprompttheuser,andtheusershouldconfirmwhethertocontinuetheoperation,andtheconsequencesoftheoperationshouldalsobetoldtotheuserwhennecessary.

  • The"Confirm"and"Cancel"buttonsinthemessagepromptwindowneedtobemappedtothekeyboardkeys"Enter"and"ESC"respectively.

  • Avoiddouble-clickingwiththemouse,whichwillnotonlyincreasethedifficultyoftheuser'soperation,butalsomayleadtomisunderstandingbytheuserthatthefunctionclickisinvalid.

  • Ontheformentrypage,theinputfocusneedstobepositionedonthefirstentry.TheusercanswitchbetweeninputboxesoroperationbuttonsthroughtheTabkey,andnotethattheoperationofTabshouldfollowtheorderfromlefttorightandtoptobottom.

Systemresponsetimeprinciple

Thesystemresponsetimeshouldbemoderate.Iftheresponsetimeistoolong,userswillfeeluneasyandFrustration,andtheresponsetimeistoofastwillalsoaffecttheuser'spaceofoperation,andmayleadtoerrors.Therefore,thefollowingprinciplesareadheredtointhesystemresponsetime:

  • 2-5secondswindowdisplaysprocessinginformationpromptstopreventusersfrommistakenlythinkingthatthereisnoresponseandrepeatoperations;

  • Displaytheprocessingwindowformorethan5seconds,ordisplaytheprogressbar;

Acompletionwarningmessageshouldbegivenwhenalong-termprocessingiscompleted.

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