Introduction
UserInterface(UserInterface,abbreviatedasUI,alsoknownasuseTheuserinterface)isthemediumforinteractionandinformationexchangebetweenthesystemandtheuser,whichrealizestheconversionbetweentheinternalformofinformationandtheformacceptabletohumans.
Theuserinterfaceisrelatedsoftwaredesignedforinteractionandcommunicationbetweentheuserandthehardware,sothattheusercanconvenientlyandeffectivelyoperatethehardwaretoachievetwo-wayinteractionandcompletethedesiredwork,Theuserinterfaceiswidelydefined,includinghuman-computerinteractionandgraphicaluserinterface.Userinterfacesexistinallfieldsthatparticipateintheinformationexchangebetweenhumansandmachines.
Usersandsystemsgenerallyinteractwithproblem-orientedrestrictednaturallanguage.Atpresent,somesystemshavebeguntousemultimediatechnologytodevelopanewgenerationofuserinterfaces.
Introduction
Softwaredesigncanbedividedintotwoparts:codingdesignandUIdesign.Everyoneisfamiliarwithcodingdesign,butUIdesignisstillaveryunfamiliarword.EvensomepeoplewhospecializeinwebsiteandmultimediadesigndonotfullyunderstandthemeaningofUI.TheoriginalmeaningofUIisuserinterface,whichistheabbreviationofEnglishUserandinterface.Literally,itisthetwocomponentsoftheuserandtheinterface,butinfactitalsoincludestheinteractiverelationshipbetweentheuserandtheinterface.
Interfacedesign,inthelongsoftwaredevelopment,theinterfacedesignworkhasnotbeenpaidattentionto.Peoplewhodointerfacedesignarealsocalled"artists"inaderogatorysense.Infact,softwareinterfacedesignisjustlikeindustrialmodelingdesigninindustrialproducts,anditisanimportantbuyingpointforproducts.Afriendlyandbeautifulinterfacewillbringcomfortablevisualenjoymenttopeople,shortenthedistancebetweenpeopleandthecomputer,andcreatesellingpointsforbusinesses.Interfacedesignisnotapureartpainting,itneedstolocatetheuser,useenvironment,usemethodanddesignfortheenduser.Itisapurelyscientificartdesign.Thestandardfortestinganinterfaceisneithertheopinionofaprojectdevelopmentteamleadernortheresultofvotingbyprojectmembers,butthefeelingsoftheenduser.Therefore,interfacedesignmustbecloselyintegratedwithuserresearch,whichisaprocessofcontinuouslydesigningsatisfactoryvisualeffectsforendusers.
IntheprocessofHumanMachineInteraction(HumanMachineInteraction),thereisalevel,whichiswhatwecallinterface.Fromtheperspectiveofpsychologicalmeaning,theinterfacecanbedividedintotwolevels:sensation(visual,tactile,auditory,etc.)andemotion.Userinterfacedesignisanimportantpartofscreenproducts.Interfacedesignisacomplexprojectinvolvingtheparticipationofdifferentdisciplines.Cognitivepsychology,design,linguistics,etc.allplayimportantroleshere.Thethreeprinciplesofuserinterfacedesignare:placetheinterfaceundertheuser'scontrol;reducetheuser'smemoryburden;andmaintaintheconsistencyoftheinterface.
UserInterface
Thesoftwareandhardwarepartoftheelectroniccomputersystemthatrealizestheexchangeofinformationbetweentheuserandthecomputer.Thesoftwarepartincludesprocessingsoftwaresuchasuserandcomputerinformationexchangeagreements,operationcommands,andthehardwarepartincludesinputdevicesandoutputdevices.Atpresent,thegraphicaluserinterfaceiscommonlyused,whichusesamulti-windowsystem,whichdisplaysadirectimageandiseasytooperate.Alsocalledman-machineinterface.Referredtoasinterface.
AppleOS
TheconceptoftheuserinterfaceofiPhoneOSisbasedonthedirectoperationofmulti-touch.Controlmethodsincludesliding,tappingswitchesandbuttons.Interactionwiththesystemincludesswiping,tapping,pinchingandreversepinching.Inaddition,throughitsbuilt-inaccelerator,therotatingdevicecanbemadetochangeitsy-axistochangethedirectionofthescreen.ThisdesignmakestheiPhonemoreconvenienttouse.
Thereisahomebuttonatthebottomofthescreenandthedockatthebottom.Theiconsofthefourmostfrequentlyusedprogramsarefixedonthedock.Thereisastatusbaratthetopofthescreenthatcandisplaysomerelateddata,suchastime,batterypower,andsignalstrength.Theremainingscreensareusedtodisplaycurrentapplications.TheonlywaytostartaniPhoneapplicationistoclicktheiconoftheapplicationonthecurrentscreen,andtoexittheapplicationistopressthehomebuttonatthebottomofthescreen.Afterthethird-partysoftwareexits,itisdirectlyclosed,butintheupcomingiPhone3.0version,whenthethird-partysoftwarereceivesnewinformation,Apple’sserverwillpushthesenotificationstotheiPhoneoriPodTouch.(Regardlessofwhetheritisrunningornot).OntheiPhone,manyapplicationsareconnected,sothatdifferentapplicationscansharethesameinformation(forexample,whenyoureceiveatextmessagethatincludesaphonenumber,youcanchoosetosavethephonenumberMakeacallforthecontactpersonordirectlyselectthisnumber).
Designer
UIdesignisdividedinto3directionsfromtheworkcontent.FigureItismainlydeterminedbythethreefactorsofUIresearch,whichareresearchtools,researchontherelationshipbetweenhumansandinterfaces,andresearchonhumans.
Researchinterface----GraphicUIdesigner
Atpresent,mostoftheUIworkersinChinaareengagedinthisindustry.Somepeoplecallitanartist,butinfactitisnotanartworkerinapuresense,butaproductshapedesignerforsoftwareproducts.
Mostofthesedesignersgraduatedfromartcolleges,andmostofthemhaveartdesigneducationbackground,suchasindustrialshapedesign,decorationdesign,informationmultimediadesign,etc.Tostudytherelationshipbetweenhumanandinterface---interactiondesigner,interactiondesigner
Beforethecreationofgraphicalinterfaces,UIdesignershavelongbeenreferredtoasinteractiondesigners.Theworkcontentoftheinteractiondesigneristodesignthesoftwareoperatingprocess,treestructure,softwarestructureandoperatingspecifications(spec),etc.Whatasoftwareproductneedstodobeforecodingisinteractiondesign,andestablishaninteractionmodelandinteractionspecifications.
Interactiondesignersgenerallyhavesoftwareengineerbackgrounds.
Researcher----Userexperienceengineer/researchengineer
Anyproductneedstobetestedinordertoensurequality,softwarecodingneedstobetested,andnaturalUIdesignalsoneedstobetested.test.Thistesthasnothingtodowithcoding,mainlytotesttherationalityoftheinteractiondesignandtheaestheticsofthegraphicdesign.ThetestingmethodgenerallyadoptsfocusgroupsandmeasurestherationalityofUIdesignintheformoftargetuserquestionnaires.Thispositionisveryimportant.Withoutthisposition,thequalityofUIdesigncanonlybejudgedbythedesigner'sexperienceortheleadership'saesthetics,whichwillbringseriousriskstotheenterprise.
Userresearchengineersgenerallyhaveabackgroundinpsychologyandhumanities.
Insummary,UIdesignersare:softwaregraphicdesigners,interactiondesigners,anduserresearchengineers.
Historyofdevelopment
Ancient
Theoldestuserinterfaceisthecreationofsymbolsandgraphicsonvariousobjects,soastocreateaninteractiveinterfacebetweenhumansandobjectsForexample,whenhumansseethesignboard,theyknowwhattheroleofthehouseis.
Theuseofsounds,flags,andgesturesisauserinterfacebetweenpeopleorbetweenpeopleanddevices,suchasinbattlefieldsorbandperformances,orevenusingtortoiseshellsandcoinsfordivination.TeachersuseTheblackboardservesasauserinterfacewithstudents,andtheabacusisalsoanearlyman-machineinterfacecomposedofbeads.
Earlycomputerbatchinterface(popularin1945-1968):Allinputdataispresetintheprogramorcommandlineparameters.Commandlineinterface(popularin1969-1983):Theuserinputsinstructionsthroughthekeyboard,andthecomputerrunstheinstructionsafterreceivingtheinstructions.
Modern
Computer:Graphicaluserinterfacegenerallyreferstothehardwareandsoftwarethatcommunicateandinteractbetweentheuserandthecomputer.ThepurposeistoenabletheuserofthecomputersystemtoeasilyandefficientlygoOperatethecomputertoachievetwo-wayinteractionandcompletetheworkthatyouwanttocompletewiththecomputer.Thescopeincludes:earlyfrompapertapeinputequipmenttokeyboard,mouse,digitalversionandotherdatainputequipment,displayscreen,sound,etc.outputEquipment,referencefiles,onlineinstructions,teachingcoursesandotherauxiliarymaterials,themodeofhuman-computerinteractionhasreachedtheuserinterfacebetweencomputersandhumansthatonlyrecognize1and0.
Inthegraphicaluserinterface,windows,icons,buttonsandothergraphicsaredisplayedonthecomputerscreentorepresentactionsfordifferentpurposes,andtheuserselectsthemthroughapointingdevicesuchasamouse.ThemostfamousexampleisthegraphicaluserinterfacecreatedbyAppleinMacintosh.
Inthe1980s,thecomputeruserinterfacerevolutionwaswhentheMacintoshpublishedbyAppleComputerusedWIMP(windows,mapkeys,windows,andmouseandmouse)toconvertthegraphicaluserinterface(GUI))Wasbroughtintothemassmarketandreplacedthecommandlineinterfaceusedbyearlycomputers.
Intheearly1990s,MicrosoftreleasedWindows3.0toconsolidatethischange.
Industry:Theman-machineinterfaceintheindustryalsobringsthetraditionalbuttonskinintothefriendlytouchman-machineinterface(Human-MachineInterface,abbreviationHMI),theuserinterfaceintheindustryissimplydividedintoInput(input)andOutput(output).Inputreferstotheoperationbyhumans.Theoperationofmachineryorequipment,suchashandles,switches,doors,instructions(commands),maintenance,etc.,andOutputreferstothenotificationsissuedbythemachineryorequipment,suchasfaults,warnings,operatinginstructions,etc.,OKTheman-machineinterfacewillhelpusersoperatethemachinemoresimply,correctlyandquickly,anditcanalsomaximizetheperformanceandextendtheservicelifeofthemachine.Theman-machineinterfacecurrentlyonthemarketmostlyreferstothehumannatureofthesoftware.Thehardware(suchastouchscreen)ofthecustomizedoperationinterface.
Therearestillmanyotheruserinterfaces,whichhaveevolvedfromtraditionalancientinterfacessuchasbuttonsandpapertodirectlytouchthebuttonsandiconsdisplayedonthetouchscreenwithfingersoraspecialpentoperformvariousoperations.Suchasautomatedtellermachines(ATM),carnavigation,mediaplayers,gameconsoles,mobilephones,etc.,generallyoperatesimplyandintuitively.
Future
Futureuserinterface:
Amorerealisticandinteractivevirtualreality:Forexample,itcanbeusedasaControl-ThemeaningoftheAlt-Deletekey.Brain-computerinterface:Itisadirectconnectionchannelcreatedbetweenhumanoranimalbrain(orbraincellculture)andexternalequipment.Itisstillintheexperimentalstage.Scientistshaveimplantedcomputerchipsintheactualbrainsofpatientswithsystemicparalysis.Successfullyusebrainwavestocontrolcomputers,drawsimplepatternsandcomputergames,butwhenfutureresearchissuccessful,humanscanusebrainwavesasauserinterface.
CurrentsituationinChina
Atpresent,UIisstillarelativelyunfamiliarwordinChina,evensomedesignersdon'tknowthiswordwell.Weoftenseesomejobadvertisementsthatsay:Recruitinginterfaceartists,interfaceartdesigners,andsoon.ThisshowsthatthedomesticunderstandingoftheUIisstillintheartdesign,thinkingthattheworkoftheUIisonlystrokesandlines,andlacksanunderstandingoftheimportanceofuserinteraction;ontheotherhand,thereisstillafocusontechnologybutnotonthesoftwaredevelopmentprocess.Appliedphenomenon.Manybusinessesbelievethatthecoreofsoftwareproductsistechnology,andUIisonlyasecondaryaid,whichcanbereflectedintheproportionofpersonnelandtreatment.
ButthisisnotthetruevalueofUIdesign,butanecessaryprocessofUIdesigndevelopment.Let'stakethematerialproductmobilephoneindustryasanexample.Whenmobilephonesfirstenteredthemarket,theywerenotonlyextremelyexpensive,butalsohadnootherfunctionsbesidesmakingcalls.Asthedominanttechnologyatthattime,everyonefocusedonthesignal,standbytime,lifespan,etc.,andseldomcaredabouttheproduct'sshapeandtherationalityofuse.Thesituationhaschanged,andnowthetechnologyhasfullymettheneedsofusers,soinordertocreatesellingpointsandincreasecompetitiveness,businessesattachgreatimportancetoproductdesign.Inaddition,theyalsofrequentlylaunchtextmessages,colorscreens,Hexuan,MMS,cameras,andsoon.Inthisway,theproduct'sbeauty,personality,easeofuse,easeoflearning,humanization,etc.havebecomethesellingpointoftheproduct.Thedevelopmentofsoftwareproductsandmaterialproductsisthesame.Inthepast,duetothelimitationsofcomputerhardware,codingdesignbecamesynonymouswithsoftwaredevelopment.Thebeautifulandfriendlygraphicalinterfaceandthereasonableandeasy-to-useinteractionmethodwerenotpaidenoughattention.Infact,thesoftwareofthisperiodiscalledsoftwareprogram,notsoftware.product.
Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputerhardware,thepastsoftwareprogramscannolongermeettherequirementsofusers.Inthefiercemarketcompetitionofsoftwareproducts,onlypowerfulfunctionsarefarfromenough,andtheyarenotenoughtodefeatstrongopponents.Fortunately,somenationalcompanieswithfar-sightedvisioninChinahavebeguntorealizethehugesellingpointsthatUIbringstosoftwareproducts.Forexample,Kingsoft’sHades,PowerWord,Drugmaster,andNetBac.BecauseoftheimportanceofUIdevelopmentandstatus,KingsoftTheproductissecondtononeinsimilarsoftwareproducts.TheUIdepartmentofLenovoSoftwareisactivelyconductinguserresearchandusabilitytesting,combiningeaseofuseandbeauty,andlaunchingsuccessfulUIexamplessuchasdual-modecomputersandthehappinessseries,whichhaswonLenovothetitleofthird-largestconsumerPCintheworld,etc..Practicehasprovedthataslongaseachbusinesshasasmallinvestmentinproductbeautyandeasy-to-usedesign,therewillbegreatoutput.Itsinput-outputratioismuchlargerthantheinvestmentinfunctionalleadingdevelopment.
Wehavetoadmitthatatthisstage,ChinahasaconsiderablegapwithWesterndevelopedcountriesinmanyfields.Howtocatchupwithandsurpassthemisthehistoricalmissionofourgeneration.Inthefieldofsoftwareproducts,unlikematerialproducts,therearenorestrictionsontechnologyandmaterials.Thecoreproblemofsoftwareproductsispeople.ImprovingthepersonalcapabilitiesofsoftwareUIdesignersandreducingthegapinpersonnelisthemostimportantissueforChina'sUIdevelopment.
Currently,domesticcollegesanduniversitieshavenotestablishedrelativelysoundUIdesignmajors,sothekeytoimprovingtheabilityofUIdesignersistoprovideagoodlearningandcommunicationresourceenvironment.TherearealreadymanycommunicationdesignwebsitesinChinathatintroduceindustrialdesign,graphicdesign,fashiondesign,paintingart,multimediaflash,etc.,butUIdesignhasnotreceivedtheattentionitdeserves,andisonlyplacedinacolumnofdigitaldesignorgraphicwebdesign.,Theonlyresourcesarenotenoughtotrainexcellentdesigners.TheremustbeaplaceforUIdesignlearningandcommunicationwithfastinformation,richresources,first-classdesignlevel,andprofessionalauthoritytomeettheneedsoftheever-developingUIdesigners..
Inthefuture
SoftwareUIdesignshouldbelongtoaspecialformofID(industrialproductdesign),butthematerialisdifferent.Butwiththepopularizationofintelligentelectronicproducts,therewillbemoreandmoreproductswithLCDscreendisplay.ThismeansthatmoreandmoreproductdesignsrequiresoftwareUIdesign.
Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,inthenearfuture,allproductswillbeintegratedandbecomeaubiquitouscomputerthatcontrolsallhouseholdproductsanddataofusers.Aslongastheuserhashisownaccount,hecancontrolallotherproductsthroughanyproduct,andallproductshaveterminalfunctions.ThebasicformofterminaloperationistheUIdesignofthesoftware.
Thetransformationofproductdesignfrommaterialdesigntonon-materialdesignhasbegun,anditwillcertainlybecomethemainstreamoffutureproductdesign,andagreatUIeraiscoming.
Developmentstage
Marketeconomyneedscompetition,competitionwillneeddesigntoimproveproductcompetitiveness.Before2000,domesticUIdesignwasjustbeginningtosprout,butatthattimeUIdesignwasequivalenttographicdesign,whichwasbasicallyreflectedinwebdesign.Later,withthepopularityofflash,someartdesignersbegantothinkaboutinteractivity.In2002,somecompaniesbegantopayattentiontotheimportanceofUIdesign.TheyraisedtheUIdepartmentfromthesoftwarecodingteam,andbegantohavegraphicdesignersandinteractiondesignersspecificallyforsoftwareproducts.After2004,withthelaunchofalargenumberofproductssuchasmobilephones,computeradditionalsoftware,MP3,IDdesignandUIdesignhavebecomemoreandmoreclosely,andUIdesignhasalsobeguntoberaisedtoanewheightandimportance.In2005,thedomesticUIdesignhasbeenrelativelymature,andtherearemanygoodUIfirst-linedesignersandUIdesignexchangeorganizationswithspecializedoccupationaldivisionoflabor.
Worktarget
Withtheadventofthe"UI"boom,inrecentyears,manydomesticcompaniesandcompaniesengagedinmobilephones,software,websites,value-addedservices,etc.havesetupthisdepartment.TherearealsomanycompaniesthatspecializeinUIdesign.ThetreatmentandstatusofsoftwareUIdesignershavegraduallyincreased.
Process
Confirmtargetusers
Inthesoftwaredesignprocess,theroleofrequirementsdesignwilldeterminethetargetusersofthesoftware,andacquiretheneedsofendusersanddirectusers.
Userinteractionshouldtakeintoaccountthedifferencesinthefocusofinteractiondesigncausedbydifferenttargetusers.
Forexample,thedesignfocusisdifferentforscientificusersandforcomputerbeginners.
Collectthehabitualinteractionmethodsoftargetusers
Differenttypesoftargetusershavedifferentinteractionhabits.Thisaccustomedwayofinteractionoftencomesfromitsoriginalinteractionprocessforrealityandtheinteractionprocessofexistingsoftwaretools.
Ofcourse,itisnecessarytofindouttheinteractiveeffectthattheuserhopestoachievethroughresearchandanalysisonthisbasis,andconfirmitwiththeprocess.
Promptandguideusers
Softwareisatoolforusers.Therefore,theusershouldoperateandcontrolthesoftware.Thesoftwarerespondstouseractionsandsetrules.
Fortheresultsandfeedbackofuserinteraction,prompttheuserresultsandfeedbackinformationtoguidetheusertothenextsteprequiredbytheuser.
Consistencyprinciple
Consistentdesigngoals
Thereareoftenmultiplecomponents(components,elements)insoftware.Theinteractiondesigngoalsbetweenthedifferentcomponentsneedtobeconsistent.
Forexample,iftheprimaryuserofcomputeroperationisthetargetuser,andthedesigngoalistosimplifytheinterfacelogic,thenthegoalneedstobeimplementedasawhole,notpartofthesoftware(package).
Consistentappearanceofelements
Theappearanceofinteractiveelementsoftenaffectsuserinteraction.Thesame(class)softwareadoptsaconsistentstyleofappearance,whichisveryhelpfultomaintaintheuser'sfocusandimprovetheinteractioneffect.Unfortunately,thereisnoparticularlyuniformmeasurementmethodforconfirmingthattheappearanceoftheelementsisconsistent.Therefore,itisnecessarytoconductsurveysontargetuserstoobtainfeedback.
Consistentinteractionbehaviors
Intheinteractionmodel,afterusersofdifferenttypesofelementstriggertheircorrespondingbehaviorevents,theirinteractionbehaviorsneedtobeconsistent.
Forexample:Alldialogboxesthatrequireuserconfirmationoperationscontainatleasttwobuttons:ConfirmandDiscard.
Themoreextremeconceptoftheconsistencyprincipleofinteractivebehavioristhatthesametypeofinteractiveelementscausethesamebehavioralevents.However,wecanseethatalthoughthisconceptiscorrectinmostcases,thereareindeedoppositeexamplesthatprovethatdesigningnotinaccordancewiththisconceptwillsimplifytheuser'soperationprocess.
UsabilityPrinciple
Understandable
Forthesoftwaretobeusedbytheuser,theusermustbeabletounderstandthecorrespondingfunctionofeachelementofthesoftware.
Iftheusercannotunderstandit,anon-destructivewayshouldbeprovidedsothattheusercanunderstandthecorrespondingfunctionthroughtheoperationoftheelement.
Forexample:deleteoperationelements.Theusercanclickthedeleteoperationbuttontoprompttheuserhowtodeletetheoperationorwhethertoconfirmthedeleteoperation.Theusercanunderstandthefunctioncorrespondingtotheelementinmoredetail,andcancanceltheoperationatthesametime.
Achievable
Theuseristhecenterofinteraction,andtheinteractiveelementscorrespondtothefunctionsrequiredbytheuser.Therefore,theinteractiveelementsmustbecontrollablebytheuser.
Userscanuseinteractivedevicessuchaskeyboardandmousetomoveandtriggerexistinginteractiveelementstoreachotherpreviouslyinvisibleornon-interactiveinteractiveelements.
Itshouldbenotedthatthenumberofinteractionswillaffecttheachievableeffect.Whenafeatureisdeeplyhidden(generallymorethan4layers),thechanceofusersreachingthatelementisgreatlyreduced.
Theachievableeffectisalsorelatedtotheinterfacedesign.Anoverlycomplexinterfacewillaffecttheachievableeffect.(Refertotheprincipleofsimpleguidance)
Controllable
Theinteractiveprocessofthesoftwarecanbecontrolledbytheuser.
Theexecutionflowofthefunctioncanbecontrolledbytheuser.
Ifitisreallyimpossibletoprovidecontrol,prompttheuserinawaythatcanbeunderstoodbythetargetuser.
Designprinciples
Knowyourusers
Yourusersaretheoneswhoultimatelyjudgethequalityoftheuserinterface,sotheuserisyourultimategoal.Understanduserneeds,nomatterhowgoodyourinterfaceis,itisnottheproductthatuserswant.Sinkdowntocarefullyobservetheuser'spreferences,understandtheirskilllevelandexperience,andobservehowtheyoperateintheinterface.Don'tbeobsessedwithchasingupdatestodesigntrendsorconstantlyaddingnewfeatures.Alwaysrememberthatthefirsttaskistopayattentiontoyouruserssothatyoucancreateaninterfacethatallowsuserstoachievetheirgoals.
PayattentiontotheUImodel
Inthesoftware,mostoftheuser'stimeisconsumedininterfaceoperations(dataentry,datamodification,datareview,etc.),whichisthesameasbrowsingTheuseroperationsofthemainwebsitepagearecompletelydifferent.Wedon'tneedtosuperfluous,userswanttoseethoseexistingsoftwareinterfaceswithsimilarfunctionsorfollowbasicoperationmethodsinthenewlycreatedinterface.Therefore,usingthecustomaryUImodelwillmakeusersfeelintimacy.
Beconsistent
Usersneedtoknowthatoncetheylearntodoacertainoperation,itwillworkthesamenexttime.Language,layout,anddesignareseveralinterfaceelementsthatneedtobeconsistent.Aconsistentinterfaceallowsuserstohaveabetterunderstandingofhowtooperate,therebyimprovingefficiency.
Clearvisualhierarchy
Whendesigning,letusersfocusonthemostimportantplace.Thesize,colorandpositionofeachelementtogetherpointthewayforunderstandingtheinterface.Aclearhierarchicalrelationshipwillplayanimportantroleinreducingthecomplexityofappearance(evenwhenthebehavioritselfisequallycomplex).
Providefeedback
Theinterfacemustalwaysmaintaincommunicationwiththeuser,regardlessofwhethertheirbehaviorisrightorwrong.Prompttheuser'sbehavioratanytime:statuschange,errororabnormalinformation.Visualcuesorsimpletextreminderscantelluserswhethertheiractionscanachievetheexpectedresults.
Faulttolerancemechanism
Nomatterhowclearyourdesignis,userswillmakemistakes.Yourinterfaceshouldallowandprovideuserswithawaytoundoactions,andbeastolerantofawidevarietyofinputdata(noonewantstostartoverjustbecausetheyfillinthewrongbirthdayformat).Similarly,ifauser’sbehaviorcausesanerror,usetheinformationattherighttimetoshowwhatbehavioriswrong,andmakesurethattheuserunderstandshowtopreventthiserrorfromhappeningagain.
Encourageusers
Oncetheuserhascompletedthekeyoperation,theusershouldbenotifiedintime(pop-updialogbox,etc.).Itisworthnotingthatdecomposingacomplexprocesstaskintoseveralsimplestepswillbemorecomplicatedanddistracting.Therefore,nomatterhowcomplicatedandlongthetaskisbeingperformed,theinterfacemustbekeptuninterrupted.
Languagehasaffinity
Allinterfaceshavemoreorlesstextonthem,sothatthemanuscriptsareascolloquiallyaspossible,ratherthanpiledupwithgorgeousrhetoric.Provideclearandconciselabelsforbehaviorsandkeepsimplenarratives.Userswillappreciatethisbecausetheyarenolongerintheofficialvoiceofothers-theyheartheexpressionslikefriendsoreventhemselves.
Keepitsimple
Thebestuserinterfaceisnointerface.Intheexcellentsoftwareinterface,youcan'tseetheflashyUIdecoration,letalonethedesignelementsthatyoudon'tneed.Sowhenthinkingaboutwhethertoaddanewfeatureorelementtotheinterface,thinkagain:Dousersorinterfacesreallyneedthese?Whydouserswanttobethissmalldynamiciconhere?Aretheseelementsjustaddedoutofself-interestandthebeautyofthepage?ThesoftwareinterfacemadebyanexcellentUIengineerwillnotbeverygorgeous,andthereisnoelementintheinterfacethatdistractstheuser'sattentionanddisturbstheuser'soperation.Itshouldevenbeachievedthatwhenusersusethesystem,theycan'tpayattentiontothepageandcomplicatedoperations.Everythingshouldbelogical.
Applicationproducts
Industrialapplications
Touchscreen:Itcanbeusedtoreplacemechanicalbuttonskinsandcanreceivetouches(whetheritisafingerOrplasticpentip,etc.)andotherinductiveliquidcrystaldisplaydeviceswithinputsignalshavereachedtheman-machineinterfacebetweenmechanicaldevicesandhumans.
Entertainmentapplications
Gameconsole:Thegameconsoleislikeacomputer,themaincomponentsareverysimilar,andtherearevarioussoftwareandhardwareforinstallationanduse.ThemainhardwarecomponentsofthegamemachineincludeCPU,memory,storagemedia,audio-visualoutputequipment,signalinputequipmentandothermechanicalequipment.Amongthem,thesignalinputdevicesofgameconsoles,suchashandlesorjoysticks,enabletelevisionsandcomputerstointeractwithhumansingeniouslythroughsimplebuttons.Thegamesoftwarealsousesgraphicsandtexttoachieveinteractionbetweenmachinesandhumans.Human-machineinterfaceforentertainment.
Computerapplications
Hardware:thekeyboard,mouse,anddisplayformthesoftware:Microsoft’sWindowsandApple’sMacOS.
Designspecification
Consistencyprinciple
Adheretotheuserexperience-centereddesignprinciple,theinterfaceisintuitiveandconcise,andtheoperationisconvenientandquick,Aftertheusercontactsthesoftware,thecorrespondingfunctionsontheinterfaceareclearataglance,andtheapplicationsystemcanbeeasilyusedwithoutmuchtraining.
Font-Keepthefontandcolorconsistent,avoidmultiplefontsinasetofthemes;-Unmodifiablefieldsaredisplayedingraytextuniformly.
Alignment-Keepthealignmentofelementsinthepageconsistent.Iftherearenospecialcircumstances,avoidmultipledataalignmentsonthesamepage.
Formentry-Inthepagesthatcontainmandatoryandoptionalfields,aprominentmark(*)mustbegivennexttothemandatoryfields;-eachTypedatainputneedstolimitthetypeoftext,anddoformatverification.Forexample,onlynumbersareallowedtobeenteredinthephonenumber,andtheemailaddressneedstoinclude"@",etc.,andaclearpromptwillbegivenwhentheuserenterstheerror.
Mousegestures-clickablebuttonsandlinksneedtoswitchthemousegesturestothehandshape;
Keepthefunctionandcontentdescriptionconsistent-Avoidusingmultiplewordsinthesamefunctiondescription,suchaseditingandmodifying,addingandadding,deletingandclearingmixeduse,etc.Itisrecommendedtoestablishaproductdictionaryintheprojectdevelopmentstage,includingthecommonlyusedtermsanddescriptionsintheproduct,andthedesignerordevelopershallstrictlyfollowthetermvocabularyintheproductdictionarytodisplaytextinformation.
Principleofaccuracy
Useconsistentmarks,standardabbreviationsandcolors,andthemeaningofthedisplayedinformationshouldbeveryclear.Usersnolongerneedtorefertoothersourcesofinformation.
Displaymeaningfulerrormessagesinsteadofpureprogramerrorcodes.
Avoidusingtextinputboxestoplacenon-editabletextcontent,anddonotusetextinputboxesaslabels.
Useindentationandtexttoaidunderstanding.
Useuserlanguagevocabularyinsteadofpureprofessionalcomputerterms.
Usethedisplayspaceofthemonitorefficiently,butavoidovercrowdingthespace.
Maintainlanguageconsistency,suchas"OK"correspondsto"Cancel",and"Yes"correspondsto"No".
Principlesofrationalizationoflayout
WhendesigningUI,itisnecessarytofullyconsidertherationalizationoflayoutandfollowtheuser’stoppriority.Next,browseandoperatefromlefttorighttoavoidthedisadvantagesofexcessivelydispersingthearrangementoffrequentlyusedbusinessfunctionbuttons,whichmaycausetheusertomovethemouseoveralongdistance.Domore"subtraction"operationstohidetheinfrequentlyusedfunctionblockstokeeptheinterfaceconcise,sothatuserscanfocusonthemainbusinessoperationprocess,whichisconducivetoimprovingtheeaseofuseandusabilityofthesoftware.
Menu-Keepthemenuconciseandtheaccuracyoftheclassification,andavoidthemenudepthexceeding3levels.-Thefunctioninthemenuneedstoopenanewpagetocomplete,youneedtoadd"..."afterthemenuname.[OnlyapplicabletoC/Sstructure,pleaseignoreB/S].
ButtonTheconfirmoperationbuttonisplacedontheleft,andthecancelorclosebuttonisplacedontheright.
Functions-Unfinishedfunctionsmustbehidden,andshouldnotbeplacedinthepagecontenttoavoidmisunderstandings.
Typesetting-Alltextcontentistypesettoavoidedgedisplay(pageedge),trytokeep10-20pixelspacingandcenterintheverticaldirectionAlign;keepatleast10pixelsbetweenthecontrolelements,andensurethatthecontrolelementsarenotclosetotheedgeofthepage.
Tabledatalist-Characterdataisleft-aligned,numeric-typedataisright-aligned(easytoreadandcompare),andthedecimalsareuniformlydisplayedaccordingtothefieldrequirementsNumberofbits.
ScrollBar-Horizontalscrollbarsshouldbeavoidedwhendesigningthepagelayout.
Pagenavigation(breadcrumbnavigation)-Abreadcrumbnavigationbarshouldappearinaprominentpositiononthepagetolettheuserknowthecurrentlocationofthepage,andClarifythenavigationstructure,suchas:Home>NewsCenter>OukeSmartInvestmentServicePlatformwasofficiallyreleased,andtheunderlinedpartsareclickablelinks.
Informationpromptwindow-Theinformationpromptwindowshouldbelocatedinthecenterofthecurrentpage,andthebackgroundlayershouldbeappropriatelyweakenedtoreduceinformationinterferenceandallowuserstopayattentionFocusonthecurrentinformationpromptwindow.Thegeneralpracticeistoaddatranslucentcolor-filledmasklayeronthebackoftheinformationpromptwindow.
Theprincipleofrationalityofsystemoperation
Trytoensurethatusersdonotusethemouse(onlyuseInthecaseofkeyboard),somecommonbusinessoperationscanalsobecompletedsmoothly,andeachcontrolcanbeswitchedthroughtheTabkey,andalleditabletextscanbeselectedandprocessed.
Forqueryretrievalpages,pressingEnterinthequeryconditioninputboxshouldautomaticallytriggerthequeryoperation.
Insomeirreversibleordeleteoperations,thereshouldbeamessagetoprompttheuser,andtheusershouldconfirmwhethertocontinuetheoperation,andtheconsequencesoftheoperationshouldalsobetoldtotheuserwhennecessary.
The"Confirm"and"Cancel"buttonsinthemessagepromptwindowneedtobemappedtothekeyboardkeys"Enter"and"ESC"respectively.
Avoiddouble-clickingwiththemouse,whichwillnotonlyincreasethedifficultyoftheuser'soperation,butalsomayleadtomisunderstandingbytheuserthatthefunctionclickisinvalid.
Ontheformentrypage,theinputfocusneedstobepositionedonthefirstentry.TheusercanswitchbetweeninputboxesoroperationbuttonsthroughtheTabkey,andnotethattheoperationofTabshouldfollowtheorderfromlefttorightandtoptobottom.
Systemresponsetimeprinciple
Thesystemresponsetimeshouldbemoderate.Iftheresponsetimeistoolong,userswillfeeluneasyandFrustration,andtheresponsetimeistoofastwillalsoaffecttheuser'spaceofoperation,andmayleadtoerrors.Therefore,thefollowingprinciplesareadheredtointhesystemresponsetime:
2-5secondswindowdisplaysprocessinginformationpromptstopreventusersfrommistakenlythinkingthatthereisnoresponseandrepeatoperations;
Displaytheprocessingwindowformorethan5seconds,ordisplaytheprogressbar;
Acompletionwarningmessageshouldbegivenwhenalong-termprocessingiscompleted.