Introduction
Boyle (Boyle's law, sometimes called Mariotte's Law or POMA Law, Boyle and the Mario Laid in the case without the knowledge of the mutual spacing soon, have been found): in the metered temperature, pressure and volume of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the gas. That the experimental results made by the British chemist Boyle (Boyle) in 1662:. "Quantitative gas in a closed vessel, at a constant temperature, the volume and pressure of the gas inverse relationship" referred to Boyle's law . This is the first in human history to be found in the "law."
formula
V refers to the volume of the gas, P means pressure, C is a constant.
This formula can continue to derive the product of pressure and volume of an ideal gas constant becomes constant, that is: PV = C (constant).
If at the same temperature state, A, B in relation gas two states may be expressed as: P A V A = P B V B
Traditionally, this formula can be written as:
significance
Boyle created the theory - Boyle's law, is the first to describe the motion of the gas quantity formula, laid the foundation for quantitative research and analysis of chemical gases. The law is the foundation of studying chemistry, students are required to learn it at the beginning of learning chemistry.
Boyle experiment talent has also confirmed that the gas is made like a solid atom. However, in the gas atoms in distance, and do not connect, so that they can be pressed more densely more. As early as 440 BC, Democritus proposed the existence of atoms, in the next two thousand years people have been arguing about this issue. Through the experiment, Boyle scientific community to believe that atoms really exist.
find history
Description
Boyle was born Earl House, he is a member of the British Science Association. In the 1662 meeting of the Scientific Society, Robert Hooke (Robert Hooke) presented a paper, paper describes experiments on the French "air flexible". 17th century, scientists had a keen interest in air characteristics.
French scientists producing a brass cylinder with the intermediate piston, mounted tightly. Several people hard pressed piston, the compressed air tank. They then release the piston, the piston bounce back, but not all bounce back. No matter how often they do an experiment, the piston can not all always bounce back.
Through this experiment, the French scientist claimed that air does not exist resilient, compressed air will remain slightly compressed state.
Boyle claimed that French scientists experiment does not mean anything. He pointed out that the reason why not all bounce back piston, the piston is because they use too tight. Someone retorted, if a little loose piston, surrounded by the leak will affect the experiment.
Robert Boyle promises to be an excellent elastic medium manufacturing a piston, the above experiments prove to be wrong.
two weeks, Robert Boyle handheld "U" shaped glass standing in front of a large congregation members. The top of this "U" shaped glass tubes is not symmetrical, a thin and long, 3 feet above the plurality, the other short, thick, short seal length would only open top.
Boyle mercury poured into the glass tube, mercury cover the bottom "U" shaped glass tube, a slight increase in both sides. In short closed tube, a small block of mercury streams of air. Boyle explained, is that any air piston means, the mercury can be seen as "plug." As expected the French experiment, Boyle practice will not affect the results because of friction.
Boyle record the weight of mercury, the mercury in the engraved line and the junction of the air. He dripping silver to the long glass tube until it drops over. At this time, the mercury rises to half the height of the short glass tube. In the extrusion of mercury, blocking air volume becomes less than half of the original.
in the short glass tube, Boyle carved second line, mark the new level of mercury and the inside volume of the compressed air is blocked.
Then, the "U" shaped bottom of the glass valve, he mercury discharge, until the weight of the piston and the glass test start weight mercury exactly equal. It went back to the height of the mercury column beginning of the experiment, blocking the air back to its original position. Air really flexible, experimental French scientists is wrong, Boyle is correct.
Robert Boyle continued to experiment with glass piston, we found a lot of things worth noting. When pressure is applied to double his blocked air volume of air will be reduced by half; when pressure is applied 3 times, it becomes 1/3 of the original volume. When squeezed, the pressure changes in the air volume change is always proportional. He created a simple mathematical equation to represent the proportional relationship, we now call "Boyle's Law." Knew the atmosphere, using the atmosphere as for human services, this law is extremely important.
Robert Boyle (Robert Boyle, 1627 Nian 1 25 - 30 December 1691), the Irish natural philosopher, in chemistry and physics have outstanding contribution. Although he's still chemistry with alchemy of color, his "skeptics chemist," a book is still regarded as a milestone in the history of chemistry.
school
Boyle was born in County Waterford, Ireland Rice Moorish castle, was the richest man in Britain "Great Earl of Cork" Richard Boyle's seventh son. But the precocious childhood frail, learn Latin and French. Year-old entered his father's friend provost of Eton College. During Eaton he does not like physical exercise and often sick. Three years later he was studying abroad in France, accompanied by a tutor, spent two years in Geneva. 1641 in Florence, Italy, astronomy and experimental work of Galileo. 1643 Richard Boyle died in the war, as he left Dorset Manor and heritage. In 1644 he returned to Ireland, guarded estate and began his scientific research.
scientific research and discovery
1646 Boyle was invited to join the scientific community by the mass organizations Wilkins - "Philosophical Society" (also known as the Invisible College) this a community members often exchange Boyle estate party. 1648 Cromwell appointed Wilkins presided over the reform of the University of Oxford, Oxford, Wilkins invited Boyle to go to work. Boyle went to Oxford in 1654, established a laboratory on their ancestral territory, hired Robert Hooke start of gas and combustion research assistant.
1657 he improved to pump Otto Guericke in Robert Hooke's aid. Made the "Boyle machine" and "windmill" in 1659. He then gas properties were studied using this device, and published research on this device in 1660. This paper has been some opposition, in order to refute the objection, Boyle clarifies the nature of the pressure of the gas under certain conditions of temperature and volume inversely proportional to the French physicist Mariotte got the same results, but until 1667 it published. So in English-speaking countries, this law is known as Boyle's law, which is called Mariotte law in continental Europe.
1661 Boyle published "skeptics chemist," In this book Boyle criticized the four elements has always been there, said that scientific research should not be composed of matter substances called elements, but should take a similar Helmont view that can not be converted to each other and can not be reduced to something simpler for the elements, he said: "I said elements ... refers to some kind of primitive, simple , the object is also not doped. elements can not cause any other object, can not cause each other. constituent elements are called direct synthesis mixture is complete, the final mixture is completely decomposed into elements. "polymeric microparticles of different elements body results in different properties. Since the wave is intended to ear in both experimental and theoretical chemistry are an important contribution to the development of his work laid the initial foundation for modern chemistry, it is considered to be the founder of modern chemistry.
1668 he left Oxford, went to his sister's estate to live in London. In London, he set up his own laboratory, mainly for experimental chemistry. He tried to rigorous experimental method of introducing chemical. 1673 Boyle and Hooke of burning material were studied, found in vacuum, the substance can not be burned. Boyle According to the results of combustion experiments, wrote the paper "New experiments on the relationship between the flame and the air", the first to reveal the air is necessary for combustion. But he still thinks combustion is the interaction between the fire and the substance. Further Boyle also found in some plants a different color dye can occur at acidic and alkaline conditions, so as to introduce the concept of the indicator. 1680 Boyle was elected president of the Royal Society, but due to problems oath, he turned down the post.
later life
In 1689, after Boyle was not actually very good health continues to deteriorate, he withdrew from all social activities, ending a relationship with the Royal Society, that can not be disclosed to receive visitors to apologize. In this homebound, he intends to organize ideas and articles, and want to engage in some secret chemical research passed to future generations. December 30, 1691, just a week after his sister's death, Boyle died. Buried in the churchyard of St. Martin, in accordance with his will, he donated speech discussion about the existence of God he wrote, later scholars for discussion.
Social Assessment
Robert Boyle (Robert Boyle, 1627 Nian 1 25 - 30 December 1691), the Irish natural philosopher. Although he's still chemistry with alchemy of color, his "skeptics chemist," a book is still regarded as a milestone in the history of chemistry.