Introductiontotheranking
Logo(3photos)
InordertoanalyzethepositionofChineseuniversitiesintheglobalhighereducationsystem.In1998,theChinesegovernmentbelievedthatmainlandChinaneededseveralworld-classuniversities,andthisideabecamethesourceofthisranking.TheAcademicRankingofWorldUniversitieswasfirstreleasedin2003bytheWorld-ClassUniversityResearchCenteroftheHigherEducationResearchInstituteofShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity.Theevaluationisbasedonallinternationallycomparableobjectiveindicatorsandthird-partydata,includingalumniandalumniwhohavewonNobelPrizesandFieldsMedals.Numberofteachers,numberofhighlycitedscientists,etc.Since2009,ARWUhasbeenpublishedbyShanghaiRuankeEducationInformationConsultingCo.,Ltd.andallrightsarereserved.SocialEvaluation
Afterthefirstreleaseoftheacademicrankingsofworlduniversitiesin2003,therewasalotofattentionanddiscussionintheacademiccircles.Atthattime,theexecutivedirectoroftheresearchcentersaidthatbecauseChineseuniversitiesdidnotperformasexpectedonthislist,mostChinesepeoplewereindifferenttothem.Afterthat,agroupofEuropeanscholarswenttoShanghaitodiscusstheranking.
TheacademicrankingofShanghairankingWorldUniversityhasbeenrecognizedathomeandabroad.In2018,DuZhanyuan,thethenDeputyMinisterofEducation,saidinaspeechattheconferencethat"ShanghaiRuankeEducation’s“WorldUniversityAcademicRanking”hasinitiallyformedabrand”.FrenchPresidentMacronissuedthreetweetstocongratulateFrenchuniversitiesfortheirperformanceinthe2020WorldUniversityAcademicRankings,sayingthatthey"ranked14thintheauthoritativeShanghaiRanking(WorldUniversityAcademicRanking),andcongratulatedtheUniversityofParis-SaclayforreachingaFrenchuniversity.Theunprecedentedheightofuniversities."
However,asarankingthatfocusesonscientificresearchresultseverywhere,theacademicrankingofShanghaiScienceandTechnologyWorldUniversityhasbeenaccusedofover-emphasizingthefieldofscienceandengineering.EuropeanandAmericanacademiccircleshavealsocriticizeditforover-focusingonthenumberofNobelPrizeswonbyalumniandignoringimportantindicatorssuchastheoverallatmosphereoftheinstitutionandthequalityofstudents.Inaddition,thisrankingmainlyuseswell-knownAmericanjournalsandpaperpublishingplatformsasthedatabenchmark,whichhasalsoresultedinAmericanuniversities'performanceinthisrankingsignificantlybetterthanothercountries.
Indexsystem
TheacademicrankingofShanghaiScienceandTechnologyWorldUniversityselectsthenumberofalumniwhowontheNobelPrizeandtheFieldsMedal(Alumniforshort),andwontheNobelPrizeandtheFieldsMedal.Theequivalentnumberofteachers(abbreviatedasAward),thenumberofscientistswiththehighestcitationsineachsubjectfield(abbreviatedasHiCi),andtheequivalentnumberofpaperspublishedin"Nature"and"Science"(abbreviatedasN&S),ThenumberofpapersincludedintheScienceCitationIndex(SCIE)andtheSocialScienceCitationIndex(SSCI)(PUB),theaverageoftheabovefiveindicators(PCP)andothersixindicatorstoranktheacademicperformanceoftheworld'suniversities.
Rankingsovertheyears
2020
OnAugust15,2020,thehighereducationevaluationagencySoftScienceofficiallyreleasedthe"2020AcademicRankingofWorldUniversities",Therankingshowstheworld'sleading1,000researchuniversities.
Amongthem,thereare144universitiesinMainlandChinaonthelist.TsinghuaUniversityranks29thintheworld,PekingUniversityranks49th,ZhejiangUniversityandShanghaiJiaotongUniversityrank58thand63rdrespectivelyintheworld,andtheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChinaandFudanUniversityrankamongthetop100intheworldforthefirsttime,ranking73rdandrespectively.100th.
HarvardUniversityremainsfirmlyinthetopspot,rankingfirstintheworldforthe18thconsecutiveyear.StanfordUniversityissecondonlytoHarvardUniversityandcontinuestoranksecondintheworld,andCambridgeUniversityremainsthirdintheworld.ColumbiaUniversityandCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologybothrosebyoneplace,rankingseventhandeighthintheworld.
2020ShanghairankingWorldUniversityAcademicRanking
2019
OnAugust15,2019,theAcademicRankingofWorldUniversityRankingsof2019wasofficiallyreleased.HarvardUniversityintheUnitedStateshasbeenrankedNo.1intheworldfor17consecutiveyears.StanfordUniversityissecondonlytoHarvardUniversityandcontinuestoranksecondintheworld.CambridgeUniversityintheUnitedKingdomremainsthirdintheworld.ThehighestrankeduniversityincontinentalEuropeistheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich,whichranks19thintheworld.AmonguniversitiesintheAsia-Pacificregion,TokyoUniversityandKyotoUniversityperformedthebest,ranking25thand32ndrespectively.
2018
OnAugust15,2018,the2018ShanghaiAcademicRankingofWorldUniversitieswasofficiallyreleased.Amongtheworld's500leadingresearchuniversities,HarvardUniversityhasbeenrankedfirstintheworldforthe16thconsecutiveyear,StanfordUniversityhasbeenrankedsecondintheworld,andCambridgeUniversityhasbeenrankedthirdintheworld.Amongthetop20intheworld,universitiesintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomoccupy19seats.ThehighestrankeduniversityincontinentalEuropeistheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich,whichranks19thintheworld.AmonguniversitiesintheAsia-Pacificregion,TokyoUniversityandKyotoUniversityinJapanperformedbest,ranking22and35respectively.
2017
OnAugust15,2017,oneoftheworld’sfourmajoruniversityrankingsystems,theAcademicRankingofWorldUniversities(ARWU),releasedits15thedition,the2017list.500researchuniversitiesinvariouscountriesandregionsareranked.
Sincethefirstreleaseoftheacademicrankingsofworlduniversitiesin2003,HarvardUniversityhasrankedfirstintheworldforthe15thconsecutiveyear,andStanfordUniversityhasrankedsecondintheworld.TheUniversityofCambridgehasbeenpromotedtwoconsecutiveyearsintwoyears,rankingthirdintheworld.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyrosefromNo.5toNo.4.OxfordUniversity,anotherBritishuniversityinthetopten,rankedseventh.YaleUniversityranksoutsidethetopten.ThehighestrankeduniversityincontinentalEuropeistheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyZurich,whichranks19thintheworld.
2016
Inthe2016AcademicRankingofShanghaiScienceandTechnologyWorldUniversities,HarvardUniversitystillholdsthetopspot,rankingfirstintheworldfor14consecutiveyears;StanfordUniversityissecondonlyAtHarvardUniversity,itcontinuestorank2intheworld;theUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleysurpassestheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologytorank3intheworld;CambridgeUniversityrisesfrom5thto4th;OxfordUniversityjumpsfrom10thin2015Totheseventhplace.
InAsia,TsinghuaUniversity(58)andPekingUniversity(71)areamongthetop100universitiesintheworld.JapaneseuniversitiesincludetheUniversityofTokyo(20),KyotoUniversity(32),NagoyaUniversity(72places)andOsakaUniversity(96places).TheUniversityofTokyore-ranked20thintheworldandistheonlyuniversityinAsiatobelistedinthetop20intheworld.