Canadian Dollar

History

BeforeandafterthefoundingoftheBankofCanadain1934,duringatransitionalperiod,government-issuedbanknotesandbanknotesissuedbycharteredbankscirculatedonthemarketatthesametime.Later,thebanknotesissuedbytheCharteredBankgraduallywithdrewfromthecirculationfield.Bytheendof1949,thebanknotesoftheCharteredBankwererarelyinactualuse.

SincetheBankofCanadain1935,Canadahasissuedatotalofsixseriesofbanknotes:1935,1937,1954,Canadianlandscape,birdandCanadianjourneyseries.Canadaissuedthefirstbatchofbanknotesin1935,whichwereprintedinEnglishandFrench.LaterbanknoteswereprintedinbothEnglishandFrench.Theredesignedbanknoteserieswereissuedin1937,1954and1969,andthelatestbanknotewasissuedin1986.

Floatingexchangerate

BeforeMay2,1962,Canadahasalwaysimplementedafloatingexchangerate.OnMay2,1962,theCanadiangovernmentstipulatedthatthefixedexchangeratebetweentheCanadiandollarandtheUSdollarwas1U.S.dollarto1.081Canadiandollars.OnAugust15,1971,theCanadiandollarbegantoadoptafloatingexchangerate.TheCanadiangovernmenthasnotstipulatedthatitscurrencymusthaveaminimumofgoldandforeignexchangeasaguarantee.WiththedepreciationoftheU.S.dollar,theexchangeratebetweentheCanadiandollarandtheU.S.dollaronSeptember18,1971wassetat1U.S.dollarcontaining0.9957Canadiandollarsbasedonitsgoldcontent.In1974,theCanadiandollartoUSdollarexchangeraterosetoitshighestpointin16years.TheCanadiangovernmentbegantorestrictcapitaloutflowsandatthesametimestrengthenedthecentralbank'sinterventionintheforeignexchangemarket.In1981,theU.S.dollarinterestratebegantorise,buttheCanadiandollarexchangeratebasicallyshowedadownwardtrend.In1985,itfellto1U.S.dollarto1.42Canadiandollars.

AfterthemeetingoffinanceministersofthefivewesterncountriesinSeptember1985,theexchangerateoftheU.S.dollarfellcontinuouslyandtheCanadiandollarcontinuedtorise.In1986,1U.S.dollarwas1.3895Canadiandollars,1987was1.326Canadiandollars,and1988was1.2307TheCanadiandollarroseto1U.S.dollaror1.184Canadiandollarsin1989.

Conclusion

FromtheperspectiveofchangesintheCanadiandollarexchangerate,theCanadiandollarexchangerateisdirectlyaffectedbytheNewYorkcurrencymarketandtheCanadiandollartransactionsbetweenMontrealandToronto.

Banknotelayout

2001edition

Value

Frontside

Backside

IssueDate

Ticketsample

$5	WilfriedLaurel, WestBuildingoftheCapitol	Childrenskiing,skating,andplayingicehockey	March27,2002
$10	JohnAlexanderMacDonald, CapitolLibrary	Femalesoldierwithbinoculars,childandveteranprayingforpeace	January17,2001
$20	ElizabethII, MezzanineoftheParliament p>	SculpturebyBillReid	September29,2004
$50	WilliamLeonMackenzieKing, CapitolPeaceTower	FiveGentlemenStatueand"CassgrandVolunteerServiceAward"Medal	November17,2004
$100	RobertLairdBoden, EastBuildingoftheCapitol	RemotesensingtopographicmapofCanada	March17,2004

(2001versionofbanknotetablereferencematerial)

2011version

Value

Frontside

Backside

Building

Issuedate

Ticketsample

td>

$5	WilfriedLaurel	CanadaArm,DexterandAstronaut	WestBuildingofParliamentBuilding	November7,2013
$10	John·AlexanderMacDonald	"Canadian"trainandCanadianrailnetwork	LibraryofParliamentBuilding	November7,2013
$20	ElizabethII	Canada’sNationalVimyMonumentandPoppyFlowers	PeaceTowerofParliamentBuilding td>	201November7,2
$50	WilliamLeonMackenzieKing	TheAmundsenicebreakerandCanadaMapoftheNorth	MediumoftheParliamentBuilding	March26,2012
$100	RobertLairdBoden	Medicalresearchandvialsofinsulin	EastBuildingofParliamentBuilding	November14,2011

(2011versionofbanknotetablereferencematerial)

2018version

facevalue

frontcontent

backcontent

Architecture

Frontage

Back

$10

ViolaDesmond,mapofnorthernHalifax

CanadaMuseumofHumanRights,bayleafpattern,eagleFeather,thetextoftheCanadianCharterofHumanRightsandFreedom

CanadianMuseumofHumanRights

(Referencematerialsforthe2018banknotetable)

Commemorativebanknotes

facevalue

name

front

Back

25Canadiandollars

1Canadiandollar

1Canadiandollarp>

20Canadiandollars

10Canadiandollars

25thanniversaryofthereignofGeorgeV(Englishversion)
25thAnniversaryoftheReignofGeorgeV(FrenchVersion)
CanadianFederalCentennialBanknote(UnnumberedEdition)
CanadianFederalCentennialBanknote(NumberedEdition)
ElizabethKingIIbecamethelongestreigningkingcommemorativebanknoteinBritishhistory
CanadianCommonwealth150thAnniversaryBanknote

Issuing

Issuingplace

TheearlyCanadianbanknoteswereissuedsimultaneouslybytheRoyalBankofCanadaandlocalbanks.TheCentralBankofCanada,foundedin1934,iscalledtheBankofCanada(BankofCanada).TheBankofCanadaisresponsibleforCanadiancurrencyissuance.Canadianbanknotescomeineightdenominationsof1,2,5,10,20,50,100,and1,000Canadiandollars.Therearealso1,2Canadiandollarsand1,5,10,25,and50bonuscoins,ofwhich2Canadiandollarsarebi-metalinlaidcoins.OneCanadiandollarequals100extrapoints.

Characteristicsofbanknotes

CanadianresidentsaremainlydescendantsofBritishandFrenchimmigrants.TheyareEnglishandFrenchrespectively,sobothEnglishandFrenchareusedonbanknotes.CanadaisaCommonwealthcountry,andthebanknotesaremainlybasedontheheadsoftheBritishrulers.Forexample,in1935,CanadaissuedthefirstbatchofbanknoteswiththeportraitofKingGeorgeVprintedinEnglishandFrench.The1937editionofbanknoteswiththeportraitofKingGeorgeVIissuedin1937wereprintedinbothEnglishandFrench.Laterbanknotesissuedin1954and1969wereprintedinbothEnglishandFrench:banknoteswiththeheadofElizabethIIwereissuedin1954,andthelatestbanknotewasissuedin1986.Botholdandnewbanknotescanbeusedincommon.

CoinFeatures

ThereareseventypesofCanadiancoinscurrentlyincirculation:1,5,10,25,50bonuspointsand1,2Canadiandollars.OntheobverseofthecoinistheportraitofQueenElizabethIIwearingacrownontheside,andonthereversearethefacevalue,countryname,yearnumber,andCanadianwildanimalpictures.Thepatternonthebackofthe1centcoinistwomapleleavesonabranch.ThemapleleafisasymbolofCanadaandhasitsfigureonthenationalflagandnationalemblem.

Thematerialofthe1bonuscoinwasoriginallymadeofbronze,butsince1997,ithasbeenchangedtopurezinc-platedcoppercasting.ThefrontistheheadofQueenElizabethIIwearingacrownontheside,andtheouterringisherEnglishname;thebackistheCanadiannationaltreemapleleaf,withthefacevalueonthetop,thecountrynameonthebottom,andthecastingyearontheleft.MintingceasedonMay4,2012,andcirculationonFebruary4,2013.

Thematerialofthe5bonuscoinwasoriginallyasilvercoin.In1922,itwaschangedtopurenickelcasting,andin1982,itwaschangedtocopper-nickelalloy(whitecopper)casting.Thepatternonthebackisabeaverwithitsfrontpawsrestingonalog.TheeconomicvalueofthebeaverhasanimportantpositioninCanada.Therestofthepatternsonthefrontandbackarethesameasthe1bonuscoin.

The10bonuscoinswereoriginallymadeofsilvercoins.Theywerecastinpurenickelsince1968.Thebackisathree-mastedfishingboat(Bluenose),builtin1921.ThefamousschooneranddiligentfishingboathavebecomethesymbolofNovaScotia.Itsreplica"BluenoseII"wasbuiltin1963andisthepublicpropertyoftheprovince.Fort(Lunenburg)isaport,sailingeverysummer.),fishingisatraditionalindustryinCanada.Therestofthepatternsonthefrontandbackarethesameasthe1bonuscoin.

Thematerialofthe25bonuscoinwasoriginallyasilvercoin.Since1968,ithasalsobeencastinpurenickel.Therearefourpatternsonthebackofthecoin.OneofthecommonpatternsistheheadofareindeerinNorthAmerica.ItisthemostrepresentativewildanimalinCanada.Therestofthepatternsonthefrontandbackarethesameasthe1bonuscoin.

Thematerialofthe50bonuscoinwasoriginallyasilvercoin.Since1968,ithasalsobeencastinpurenickel.Thesidesarecontinuousthreads.Thefrontpatternisthesameasthe1bonuscoin.ThebackpatternistheCanadiannationalemblem,thecenterofthenationalemblem.Itisashield,andontopoftheshieldisalionstandingandholdingamapleleaf.TheupperpartoftheshieldisthefourmainnationalheraldrypatternsthatestablishedCanada,threelionsrepresentingEngland,onelionrepresentingScotland,aharprepresentingWalesandthreeirisesrepresentingFrance.ThelowerpartoftheshieldisThemaplebranchthatrepresentsCanadahasthreemapleleaves,whichsymbolizesthehistoricalrelationshipbetweenCanadaandtheabove-mentionedregions.ThelionholdingtheshieldontheleftholdstheBritishflag,andtheunicornholdingtheshieldontherightholdstheFrenchflagoftheBourbonera.ThetopcrownsymbolizestheBritishcrown,thelowerroserepresentstheBritishroyalfamily,andthereisaribbonundertheshield.

Thematerialofthe1Canadiandollarcoinwasoriginallyasilvercoin.Since1968,itwasalsocastinpurenickel.In1987,itwaschangedtoanickelcoreplatedbronze(ABS)castingwithadodecagonaledge.Thefrontpatternofthe1Canadiandollarcoinisthesameasthe1bonuscoin.Thepatternonthebackisthattwoshippersusedcanoestocarryfurintheearlydays.Itwasredesignedin1987andchangedtothewhite-billedloon.TheloonisawildanimalfoundeverywhereintheCanadianswamps..

The2Canadiandollarcoiniscastwithyellowandwhitebimetallicinlays,theouterringispurenickel,andtheinnercoreisaluminum-copperalloy.Thepatternonthebackshowsanadultpolarbearstandingontopoftheicefloes.ThepolarbearisthelargestlandcarnivoreinnorthernCanada;thecountrynameandfacevalueareinterchanged,andtheyeariscasttothefront.Therestofthepatternsonthefrontandbackarebasicallythesameasthe1bonuscoin.

Characteristicsofbanknotes

1.Thebanknotepaperiswhite,tough,andhasgreendots,whichwillemitgreenfluorescenceundertheirradiationofapurplelamp.

2.Banknoteprinting:thefrontandbackaremainlyprintedwithintaglioplates,thefrontintagliosaremainlyportraitsanddenominations;thebackintagliosaremainlysubjectimages,etc.

3.Theshadingonthefrontofthebanknoteisprintedupanddowntotheside,andthefoldlinescanbebutt-connected.

Introductiontothepattern

2Canadiandollars,QueenElizabethII,thereversepatternisRobinRobin

The5CanadiandollarbillisprintedwithWilfried-TheprofilepictureofSirWilfridLaurier,thefirstFrenchprimeministerofCanada.HewasinpowerinCanadafrom1896to1911.Thebackofthe$5CADisWOODPECKER.

Johnisprintedonthebackofthe$10coupon.TheheadofSirJohnA.Macdonald,whowasthefirstprimeministerofCanada,servedfrom1867to1873;thereversepatternisOsprey(OSPREYwithwhitefeathers)

20yuanQueenElizabethIIofEngland,Thereversepatternonthereversesideistheloon(theuniqueanimalCOMMENLOONinCanada)

The50CanadiandollarvoucherprintedontheheadofWLMcKenzieKingWilliamLyonMackenzieKing,heservedtwiceasPrimeMinisterofCanada,thefirsttimewasFrom1921to1930,thesecondtimewasfrom1935to1948;thereversepatternonthereversesideisthesnoweagle(SNOWYOWL,auniqueowlinCanada)

The100Canadiandollarcouponisfrom1911to1920.TheheadofthePrimeMinister'sSirRobertBorden.TheCanadiandollarbanknotenotonlyhasahead,butthereverseistheCanadianwildgoose(Canadagoose,thesymbolicanimalofCanada)

1000yuanbanknotesarerare,andthereverseisPineGrosbeak

Anti-counterfeitingexchangerate

Anti-counterfeiting

ThereisaverticalholographicsecurityfilmontheleftofallthelatestCanadiandollars.Youcanseethediscoloredmapleleafandthefacevalueofthebanknotefromdifferentangles.

Ontheportraitontherightsideoftheholographicstrip,undertheshiningofthepurplelight,youcanseetheCanadianBankinEnglishandFrench,aswellasthefacevaluenumbers(theprintingisweaker,andyouneedtobeinadarkplaceandahigherpowerpurplelighttoseeClear),thewholebanknotehasfluorescentfiberseverywhere.

Therearemicro-printedtextsonthefrontfacevalueandmanyotherplaces.

Youcanseethewhitewatermarkwindowinthemiddle.Gotothewatermarkofthefacevalueofthemainscenecharacterandthewhitewatermarkofthefacevaluenumber.

Ontherightsideofthewatermarkwindow,thereisadouble-sidedcounter-printingpatternoffacevaluenumbers,andyoucanseethatthepatternsonbothsidesofthebanknotearesplicedintofacevaluenumbersontherightsideofthewatermarkwindow..

Ontheleftsideoftheback,youcanseeanopenwindowandcolor-changingsecuritythread,withthefacevalueCANprintedonit.Thecolorofthesecuritythreadchangesbetweengreenandyellowatdifferentangles.

ConvertingRenminbi

Theannualtotalamountofdomesticpersonalforeignexchangepurchasesis50,000U.S.dollarsequivalentCanadiandollars.Itisofcoursecost-effectivebasedonthe2012Canadiandollarexchangeratecomparedtothepast.Regardingthehandlingfee,thereisnohandlingfeeforthepurchaseofforeignexchange.However,ifyouremitCanadiandollarstoaforeignaccount,suchanoverseasremittancewillincurcosts.Differentbankshavedifferentratesandupperandlowerlimitsofcharges.

CanadiandollarsforRMBcanbeexchangedatvariousforeignexchangebanks.BankofChina/ICBC/AgriculturalBank/ChinaConstructionBank/BankofCommunicationsareallforeignexchangeoperatingbanks.Amongthem,itisthesameasstocks.Theexchangeratesofthesamebankarethesameeverywhere,andtheexchangeratesofdifferentbanksareslightlydifferent,andthereisnohandlingfeeforconversion(becausethehandlingfeeisincludedinthedifferencebetweenthebank'sforeignexchangesales).