Introductiontothelaw
Inthedevelopmentofthings,therearebothaccidentalandfleetingaspectsaswellasinevitableandstableaspects.Thecategoryoflawrevealstheessential,inevitable,andstableconnectioninthedevelopmentofthemovementofthings.Anylawistheinnerbasisandessentialconnectionofthings.Forexample:thelawofuniversalgravitationrevealstheessentialconnectionbetweenobjects,thelawofelementperiodicityrevealstheessentialconnectionbetweenthechemicalpropertiesofelementsandatomiccoefficients,andthelawoftheadaptationofproductionrelationstoproductivityconditionsrevealsthecontentandessenceofthematerialproductionmethodsconnect.
Themeaningofobjectivelaw
ThemeaninginMarxistphilosophy:objectivelawistheinherent,essentialandstableconnectionwithinthings.ItsexistenceandfunctionarenotTransferredbythesubjectivewillofpeople.
Therearemanydefinitionsofobjectivelaws,andtherearethreebasicones.
1.Thelawsinherentintheworlditself,allmatterintheworldfollow,independentofconsciousness,objectivescience,andcertainty.(Belongingtomaterialism)
2.Theworldismanifestedbypersonalconsciousness.Thelawsummarizedinthedevelopmentoftheworld,oneflower,oneworld,onegrassandonesoul,hasaprioriuncertainty.(Belongingtoidealism)
3.The"absolutespirit"precedestheexistenceoftheworldthroughtheexternalizationoftheworld,andhasnoobjectivity.(BelongingtoIdealism)
ObjectiveRegularity-Interpretation
"Facts"andObjectiveLaws
"Facts"aspractice,sinceitisanobjectiveexistence,thereareAquestionofunderstandingandgraspingitisthequestionof"seekingtruthfromfacts".Strictlyspeaking,the"yes"heredoesnotrefertothelawitself,butreferstotheknowledgeofit,thatis,thetruth.Astheobjectofourcognition,lawitselfisanontologicalthing.Thelawisnot"yes",but"things".Moreover,thelawastheobjectofcognitionheredoesnotexistoutsidethe"facts"ofhumanpractice.Thecognitionobjectwepresupposeisfundamentallydifferentfromthecognitionobjectinthetraditionalsense:theoriginal"law"ofthecognitionobjectisactuallypresupposedasapureso-called"non-transferredbyhumanwill".Knowledgeisthegraspofthis"objectivelaw";theobjectofknowledgepresupposedbyMarx'sphilosophyisthelawofhumanexistenceandpracticalactivities,thatis,theinternalconnectionof"facts".Thismatterisone'sownbusiness,sothelawinitisessentiallythelawofpracticalactivityitself."Seekingtruth"isnotseekingfortheso-called"objectivelaws"thatarepureandfree,whicharerichindifferences(modernhistoryofphilosophyandthehistoryofsciencehaveshownthatthisisimpossible.),buttheinnerconnectionitselfwithhumanpracticalactivities.Dynamicreflection.
"Consciousness"andobjectivelaw
AccordingtoMarx'spracticalontology,objectiveexistenceistheinternalelementofpractice,andcorrespondingly,objectivelawistheinternalconnectionofpractice.Thisisbecauseany"objectiveobject"facedbyanyhumancognitionactivityisactuallyalreadyinthe"domain"ofpractice,andthereforealwayshasthe"subjectiveinitiative"ofhumanbeinginvolvedinit.Thisisnotonlyaquestionofcognitionbeingaffectedbythesubjectiveconsciousnessofthecognitionsubject,butalsoaquestionoftheactivitiesofhumanbeingsastheobjectsofcognition,including"laws".Intheprocessofcognition,wecanindeedeliminatetheinterferenceofthesubjectiveconsciousnessofdifferentcognitionsubjectsasmuchaspossible,andstriveto"subjectivelymeettheobjective"andgrasptheobjectivelaws;however,wecannotseparatetheexistenceofhumanbeingsandtheactivitiestomeettheirneedsfromtheobjectsofobjects.Excluding,anyobjectcanonlybepresentedonthebackgroundofhumanexistence.Therefore,whenwetalkaboutanyobjectiveobject,itsso-called"objectivity"isonlyrelativetoour"present"consciousness,thatis,itisindependentof"thistime"consciousnessandpriorto"thistime".Itisstillintherealmofpractice.Andconsciousnessisalsoaninternalelementofpractice,sotheobjectiveobjectisstillinthepreviousconsciousnessdomain,thatis,itisultimatelyimpossibletobeindependentofconsciousnessandexternaltoconsciousness.Inanycase,inacertainsense,theobjectivelawweseekalreadyhasacertain"lawofpractice"oreven"lawofconsciousnessitself".
"Reality"andobjectivelaws
However,weemphasizetheinseparabilityofhumancognitionobjectsandhumanexistence,whichwillnotaffecttheobjectiverealityofobjectsandtheirlawssex.Onthecontrary,wereturnthe"objectivereality"fromtherealmofpurefreedomimaginedbytheoldphilosophytohumanrealityandpractice.Humanexistenceandhumanpracticalactivitiesarethemostfundamentalandonly"reality"inthemselves.Itisnotonly"reality",thatis,thereisaneed,anditisalsoaproblemthatcanbeunderstoodandgrasped,andthereisalsoaproblemofwhethertherecognitionmeetstheobjectandthecorrectpresentationoftheobject.Therefore,thelawastheobjectof"seekingtruth"isalsomanifestedinessentialcharacteristics,objectiveconnections,etc.,andalsohasuniversalityandinevitability.Butthe"essence"hereistheinherentcharacteristicsofhumanexistenceandhumanpracticalactivities;theinevitabilityandregularityherearetheinherentinevitableconnectionswithinhumanactivitiesandbetweendifferentactivities.Thereistheso-called"reasoninthings"inChinesephilosophy,whichemphasizesthatthelawisthe"reason"inthe"facts"ofhumanbeings.TheessenceofMarx'sphilosophyoflawliesinthis:itsrevelationofthenatureofsocietyandthelawsofhistoryisactuallytherevelationofthenatureandlawsofhumanactivities.