Send Dongyang Ma Shengxue

Originalwork

SendDongyangMaShengPreface¹

WhenIwasyoung,Ibecameaddictedtolearning².Thefamilyispoor,andthereisnowaytogiveabooktoview³.EverytimeIborrowfromthebookcollectionhouse⁴,Iwillrecorditbymyselfandpayitbackwithinaday.Theskyiscold,theinkstoneisfirm,andthefingerscannotbeflexedandstretched.⁵.Aftertherecording,Isentitawayfor⁶,anddidnotdaretoslightlyexceedtheappointment⁷.Therefore,manypeoplespendmoretimeoffthebook,andYuYinhastoreadthebooksallovertheplace.Notonlycrowned⁸,admiredthewayofsagesandsages⁹,butalsosufferedfromnomasters,celebritiesandtraveled¹⁰,tastedhundredsofmilesaway^>11,Xiandafromthetownshipasked¹².FirstDadeLongWangzun,thediscipleofthedisciplefilledhisroom,anddidnotlosehiswords.¹³.YuLiwaitedontheleftandright,assistedthequestioningreason14,leanedovertoask;Xinyue¹⁶,thenpleaseYanagain.Therefore,althoughYuisstupid,hehasheardof¹⁷.

DangYuzhiwasalsoateacher,carryingascorpion¹⁸,walkingdeepinthemountainsandhugevalleys,poorwintergale¹⁹,heavysnowafewfeetdeep,fullskinChappedwithoutknowing²⁰.Intheultimatehome,thefourstiffenergiescannotmove²¹,thewomanholdstheTangwoinfusion²²,andthequiltsupports²³,anditwillbepeacefulforalongtime..Therebelliousjourneyis²⁴,andtheowner’ssolareclipseis²⁵,withoutthetasteoffreshfat.Allstudentsinthesamehouseareembroidered²⁶,wearingahatdecoratedwithZhuYing,²⁷,aringofwhitejadeonthewaist²⁸,aknifeontheleft,astinkyfaceontheright²⁹,YeRanRuoShenren³⁰;YuZexianrobeandclothesare³¹inthemeantime,thereislittleadmirationforbeauty.Thosewhohavealotoffuninthemiddledon’tknowwhethertheverbalserviceisnotasgoodasthehumanbeing.It’shardworkandhardwork.AlthoughI’mold³²today,Ihaven’tachievedanything.Fortunately,I’mfortunatetobeamongthegentlemen³³.³⁴,daywaiter'sseatconsultant,thewholeworldalsocalledhisname³⁵,butthesituationistoomuch?

Today'sstudentsarestudyinginTaixue³⁶,thecountymagistrate’sdayhasasmalloffering³⁷,andtheirparentshavethelegacyofQiuge³⁸,thereisnodangerofcoldness;sittingunderthebuildingandrecite"Poems"and"Books",noneedtorunaround;therearedivisionsanddoctorsasteachers³⁹,noquestionsItisnotnecessarytotell,buttoaskbutnotto;allthebooksthataresuitabletohavearegatheredhere,thereisnoneedtowritethembyhand,pretendtobepeopleandseelater.Thosewhoarenotrefinedintheirkarma,andthosewhofailinvirtue,whoarenottheinferiorityofnature⁴⁰,thentheheartisnotonlyears,itisthefaultofothers!

DongyangMaShengjun,whohasbeeninTaixuefortwoyears,iswell-knownashisvirtuous⁴¹.YuChaojingshi⁴²,wasbornasthesonofthevillagerYeyu⁴³,wrotealongbookthinkingthatZhi⁴⁴,spokeverysmoothly,andarguedagainstit.sup>45,thelanguageisharmoniousandthecoloris⁴⁶.ItissaidthatwhenIwasyoung,Idevotedmyselftostudyandworkedhard,soIcanbedescribedasagoodscholar!Hewillreturntohisrelatives⁴⁷,anditishardtotellthatIhavelearned.ItissaidthatthepeopleofYumianTownshiparescholars,andYuZhizhiisalso⁴⁸;thosewhoslandermepraisetheprosperityoftheoccasionandproudofthepeople⁴⁹,don'tyouknowtherest!

Annotationtranslation

Phrasesannotation

1. Dongyang:DongyangCity,ZhejiangProvincetoday,andQianxibelongedtoJinhuaMansionatthattime.MaSheng:TheTaistudentsurnamedMa,thatis,MaJunzeinthetext.Preface:Thenameofthestyle,therearetwotypes:bookprefaceandgiftpreface.Thisarticleisgiftpreface.

2. Yu:Me.Hobby(shì)learning:liketoread.

3. To:Igotit.

4. Fakeloan:borrow.

5. TheslackingoftheBuddha:the"theslackingoftheslacking",donotslackenoff,donotrelaxcopybooks.Eph,no.Itreferstocopybooks.

6. Go:Run.

7. Overdue:Exceedingtheagreedtimelimit.

8. Neither:Already,here.Crowning:Whentheancientmanreachedtheageof20,heheldacrowningceremony(withhairandahat)tosignifythathewasanadult.

9. TheWayofSages:ReferstotheConfucianismofConfucianismandMencius.SongLianisaNeo-Confucianwhoadvocatesbenevolence,justiceandmorality,sohehighlyrespectsit.

10. Shuò(shuò)teacher:alearnedteacher.Tour:Makefriends.

11. Taste:Zeng.Trend:Goforit.

12. XiandaoftheTownship:Apredecessorwhoiswell-knowninlocalmorality.ThisreferstoancientwriterssuchasLiuguanfromPujiangandHuangpufromYiwu.Practicethescripturesandask:Bringthescripturestoaskforadvice.

13. Slightlyloweryourrhetoric:Putyourwordstobetactful,andyourfacetobegentler.Words,wordsandexpressions.

14. Aidfordoubts:raisequestionsandaskquestions.

15. 叱(chì)(duō):reprimand,humiliation.

16. Song(sì):Wait.

17. Pawn:Finally.

18. Qiè:Box.汣(yèxǐ):draggingshoes.

19. Poorwinter:midwinter.

20. Chapped(jūn):Theskiniscrackedduetocoldanddryness.

21. Stiffness:Stiffness.

22. Maid:adowrywoman.Thisreferstothemaid.HoldingTangwoirrigation:referstodrinkingorsoakinginhotwater.Soup:Hotwater.Woirrigation:waterandwash.

23. Quin(qīn):Quilt.

24. ReverseTravel:Inn.

25. Suneclipse:twomealsaday.

26. Be(pī)beautifullyembroidered:wearinggorgeoussilkclothes.Be,thesameas"cover".Qi,silkfabricswithpatterns.

27. ZhuYingbaoornaments:Redspikesarewornwithbeadsandotherornaments.

28. Waistwhitejadering:Awhitejaderinghangsaroundthewaist.

29. Rongxiang:Fragrantbags.Stink(xiù):smell,herereferstoaroma.

30. Ye(yè)ran:Theradianceisshining.

31. 缊(yùn)robe:robemadeofcoarselinen.Myclothes:tornclothes.

32. Old(mào):old.Peoplewhoareeightyorninetyyearsoldarecalledelders.SongLianwassixty-nineyearsoldatthistime.

33. Fortunately:Fortunatelytoparticipate.Agentlemanreferstoascholarwithmoralknowledge,andanothertranslationreferstoapersonwithofficialpositions.

34. Suffix:heremeans"follow".

35. Absurdclaim:Approveinappropriately.Thisistheauthor'smodestword.

36. Students:ReferstoTaistudents.Taixue:AschoolsetupbythecentralgovernmentintheMingDynastytoeducatescholars,calledTaixueorGuozijian.

37. Countyofficial:Thisreferstotheimperialcourt.Lin(lǐn)Shao:Thesalaryprovidedbythegovernmentforfreeatthattimewascalled"Lin"or"Shao."

38. Qiu(qiú):leatherclothes.Ge:Xiabuclothes.Left(wèi):donate,herereferstoaid,give.

39. SiYeandPh.D.:thevice-chiefandprofessorofTaixuerespectively.

40. Non-naturalinferiority:Ifitisnotduetolowtalent.

41. Limitedgeneration:peers.

42. Dynasty:Intheolddays,ministerswenttocourttoseethemonarch.WhenSongLianwrotethisarticle,hewastravelingfromhishometowntothecapitalYingtianMansion(Nanjing)tomeetZhuYuanzhang.

43. Asthesonofthevillager:asthesonofthesamevillage.Ye(yè):Seeyou.

44. Zhuan(zhuàn):Sameas"Zhuan",write.Longbook:Longletter.贽(zhì):Agiftgivenatthefirstvisitinancienttimes.

45. Debate:Samedebate.

46. Yi:Pingyi.

47. Seeyou:gohomeandvisit.

48. Thesecondsentenceof"WeiYu":IthinkIamencouragingmyfellowvillagerstostudyhard.ThisiswhatImeant.

49. Slander(dǐ):slander.TheProsperityofFortune:Thetriumphofencounterreferstotheappreciationandreuseoftheemperor.Jiaoxiangren:Beproudofyourfellowvillagers.

VernacularTranslation

IlovedlearningwhenIwasyoung.Becausethefamilywaspoorandcouldn'tgetthebookstoread,Ioftenaskedthebookcollectorsforborrowing,copiedthembyhand,andreturnedthemonanagreeddate.Whentheweatherwasverycold,thewaterintheinkstonepoolbecamefrozenandmyfingerscouldn'tbendandstretch,soIstilldidn'trelaxcopyingthebook.Afterthecopyisfinished,returnittosomeoneassoonaspossible,anddarenotslightlyexceedtheagreedtimelimit.Sopeoplearemostlywillingtolendmebooks,soIcanreadallkindsofbooks.Afterbecominganadult,admiringthedoctrinesofsagesandsages,andsufferingfromnotbeingabletocommunicatewithknowledgeableteachersandcelebrities,Zengquicklywalkedahundredmilesaway,holdingascriptureinhishandtoaskhisfellowseniorsforadvice.Theseniorsarehighlyrespected,andthedoormenandstudentscrowdedhisroom.Hiswordsandattitudehaveneverbeenslightlyeuphemistic.Istoodtoaccompanyhim,askingquestions,askingquestions,andloweringmyearstoaskhimforadvice;sometimesIwasreprimandedbyhim,withamorerespectfulexpressionandamorethoughtfulmanner,andIdarednotansweraword;whenhewashappy,SoIaskedhimagain.SoalthoughIwasdull,Igotalotoflessonsintheend.

WhenIwaslookingforateacher,carryingabookcase,steppingontheheelsofmyshoesundermyheels,Iwalkedinthemountainsandvalleys.Idon'tknowifitcracks.WhenIarrivedattheschool,mylimbswerestiffandunabletomove.Theservantfilledmewithhotwaterandcoveredmybodywithaquilt.Ittookalongtimetowarmup.Stayinginahotel,Ieattwomealsaday,nofreshandtenderdeliciousenjoyment.Thescholarsintheclassmatesallwearbeautifulclothes,redhats,hatsdecoratedwithtreasures,whitejaderingshungaroundtheirwaists,knivesontheleft,andsachetsontheright.Theyarebrightandbright,justlikeagod;Wearingoldcottonrobesandtornclothesbetweenthem,thereisnoenvy.Becausethereissomethinginmyheartthatmakesmehappy,Idon'tfeelthattheenjoymentoffoodandclothingisnotasgoodasothers.Myhardworkandhardshipareprobablylikethis.

AlthoughIamoldandhavenotachievedmuchnow,Iamfortunatelyabletobeintheranksofgentlemen,bearingthegraceandgloryoftheemperor,followingthepublicservant,andaccompanyingtheemperoreveryday,listeningtoinquiries,Theworlddoesn'tpraiseone'snameproperly,letalonepeoplewhocansurpassme?

Today’sstudentsarestudyinginTaixue,thecourtprovidesmealseveryday,andtheirparentsdonateleatherclothinginwinterandGeclothinginsummereveryyear,sotheydon’thavetoworryaboutbeinghungry;theyaresittinginatallroomandreadingThescriptures,thereisnorunningandtoil;therearedivisionsanddoctorsastheirteachers,thereisnoinquirywithouttelling,andthereisnothingtogainfromaskingforadvice;allthebooksthatshouldbeavailableareconcentratedhere,noneedtousehandslikemeTranscript,borrowedfromsomeoneelsebeforeyoucanseeit.Amongthem,iftheyarenotproficientinacademicsandhaveundevelopedmoralcharacter,ifitisnottalented,lowaptitude,ornotasdedicatedasme,canitbesaidthatitisthefaultofothers!

MaJunze,ayoungmanfromDongyang,hasbeenstudyinginTaixuefortwoyears,andhispeerspraisehimforhisvirtue.WhenIwenttoseetheemperorinthecapital,MaShengvisitedmeasajuniorfromhishometownandwrotealongletterasagift.Hespokesmoothlyandeloquently,arguingwithhiminagentleandcourteousmanner.Hehimselfsaidthatwhenhewasateenager,hewasveryattentiveandhardworkinginlearning.Thiscanbecalledagoodlearner!Heisabouttogohometovisithisparents,andIspecificallytoldhimaboutmydifficultiesinstudying.IfIencouragemyfellowvillagerstostudyhard,itismyambition;ifIslanderme,boastingofwhatIhavedonewellandbeingproudinfrontofmyfellowvillagers,doesitmeantounderstandme?

Creativebackground

IntheeleventhyearofHongwuinMingDynasty(1378),thesecondyearofSongLian’sreturntohishometown,YingzhaomovedfromhishometownofPujiang(PujiangCounty,ZhejiangProvince)toYingtianMansion(now(Nanjing,Jiangsu)wenttothecourt,andfellowjuniorMaJuncametovisit.SongLianwrotethispreface,introducinghisownlearningexperienceandlearningattitudetoencourageotherstobediligent.

Appreciationofworks

OverallAppreciation

ThisgiftprefacewaswrittenbySongLiantohisfellowlate-bornMaJunze.Theauthorgavehimthisarticletoencouragehimtostudydiligently,butthemeaningisnotdirectlystated,butderivedfromhisownpersonalexperienceandexperience,tactfullyandimplicitly,easyandfriendly,andthelinesarefullofavirtuouselder.Theardentexpectationforthelate-borndescendantsistouching.

Thefulltextisdividedintothreeparagraphs.Thefirstparagraphwritesabouthisschoolingsituationinhisyouth,deliberatelyhighlightinghis"diligenceandhardship"spiritoflearning.Theinnermiddleisdividedintofourlevels.Thefirstlayerisfromthedifficultyofborrowingbookstowriteaboutthehardshipoftheirownlearningconditions.Becausemyfamilywaspoorandhadnobooks,Ihadtoborrowandcopybooks.Althoughtheskywascold,theinkstonewasfrozen,andmyfingerswerefrozen,Ididn'tdaretoslackenalittle.Thesecondlayerisbasedonthedifficultyofseekingateacherandthenecessityofbeingmodestandstudious.SeekateacherfromBaili,becarefulandrespectful.AlthoughImetwithaslap,Ifinallygotsomething.Thethirdlayerisbasedonthedifficultiesoflivingconditions,writingthatoneselfisinpoverty,notadmiringwealthandhonor.Becauseofthegainsinlearning,itonlyfeelspleasurebutnotsuffering.Itemphasizesthataslongasthespiritisfull,thehardshipoflivingconditionsisinsignificant.Thefourthlevelisthesummaryofthisparagraph.BecauseIamnotafraidofallkindsofhardshipsandstudyhard,Ifinallylearnedsomething.Althoughtheauthorhumblysaidthathe"hasnotachievedanything,"thefactsofagenerationofgreatConfucianscholarsdonotneedtobeself-explanatorybuteveryoneunderstands.Intheend,thecross-examinationof"thetalentsaremorethantheothers"isveryrichincontent.Firstofall,theauthorusedacross-examinationtonetoemphasizethatifapersonwithahighertalentcanbeasdiligentashimself,hewillbeabletoachievemoreoutstandingachievements.Atthesametime,theimplicationisthatIamnotagenius,somycurrentresultsaretheresultofhardwork.Inotherwords,ifapersonisnottoolow-endandunabletolearn,hecanonlyblamehimselffornotworkinghardenough.FromthefollowingweknowthatMaShengisadiligentandstudiousyoungman,aslongasheperseveres,hisfutureislimitless.Therefore,althoughthissentenceisonlyafewfigures,ithasaprofoundmeaningandagreateffect.Itnotonlyrespondstotheabove,butalsorelatestothefollowing,itfastensthethemeofthegiftorder,andputshisownexhortation,encouragementandexpectationtoMaSheng,sincerebutnotHespeaksimplicitlyandcalmly,showingthedemeanorofthe"graceful".

Thesecondparagraphcloselyfollowsthefirstparagraph.ItwritesaboutthesuperiorlearningconditionsofcontemporaryTaiyuanstudents.Itcontrastssharplywiththedifficultiesoftheauthor'syouthinstudying,andemphasizesthenecessityofdiligentstudyfromthenegativeside."Everydaythereisalittlesupply"isacomparisonwiththesufferingoflivingconditionsabove,and"thereisacareerandadoctorasateacher"isacomparisonwiththedifficultyofseekingateacherabove,"AnybookthatissuitableiscollectedinThis"issoinconsistentwiththedifficultyofborrowingbooksabove.Throughcomparison,itisclearthattoday’sTaistudentsaremuchbetterthantheauthor’sstudyconditionsinseveralaspects,suchasstudying,seekingateacher,andliving.Finally,analternativesentencepatternandacross-examinationsentencepatternareusedtoemphasizethatthekeyliesinthefactthatthesestudentsareneitherhardworkingnorhardworking.Thisisagainareferencetothefourthlayerofthepreviousparagraph.

Theabovetwoparagraphsemphasizetheimportanceofdiligentstudyfromboththeprosandcons.AlthoughitisnotexplicitlystatedasanencouragementtoMaSheng,themeaningofencouragementisself-evident.However,thearticlewaswrittenforhorsestudentsafterall,sointhethirdparagraph,heclearlywroteabouthorsestudentsandpointedoutthepurposeofthepreface.Thisis"thedifficultyoflearningthroughTaoism"and"Mianxiangpeopleregardscholarsasscholars."Becausethecontentoftheencouragementhasbeenwrittenintheprevioustwoparagraphs,Iwillonlytalkaboutpraiseandpraise,butMaShengisnotdifficulttounderstandthesincerityofthemoney.

SongLianisgenerous,sincere,andcourteous.Thisarticleisjustlikeitsown,writteninatactfulandeasy-goingmanner.Infact,basedonhisprestigeandstatus,hecancompletelyputontheairofanelder,andtalkpositivelyabouttheUniversityofPolytechnicUniversitytoteachthisyoungmanalesson.However,hedoesnot.Heneversaidwhatyouryoungpeopleshouldbe,butonlysaidwhat"I"usedtobe.Heputshimselfonanequalpositionwitheachother,anduseshisownpersonalexperienceandpersonalexperiencetotalktoothers.Notonlyfromreason,butalsofromimageandemotiontoinspireandinfluencereaders,itmakespeoplefeelthatthereisasublimepersonalityinthedepthofthearticle.Intheprocessofreading,readerswillunknowinglyshortentheideologicalrelationshipwiththeauthor.Distance,agreewithhisopinion,andbewillingtodoaccordingtohisopinion.Writinganarticletoachievethisstepisbynomeansjustaquestionofwritingskills,itrequiresaprofoundideologicaltrainingasafoundation.

Secondly,whenitcomestoreasoning,theauthorisnottalkingaboutthetruthoutofthinair,butisgoodatlettingthoughtsandtruthnaturallyemergefromthenarrativeoffacts.Inthenarrationoffacts,heisgoodatorganicallycombininggeneralstatementswithtypicaldetaileddescriptions,whichmakesthearticleconcreteandreal,onlyconciseandvividinwriting,butalsohasstrongpersuasivenessandappeal.Forexample,whentalkingaboutthedifficultyofreading,theauthornarratedthesituationinwhichhehadtoborrowandcopybooksduetohisfamily'spovertyandnobooks.It’snottobelazy.”Throughsuchatypicaldetaileddescription,peoplehaveavividandconcretefeelingoftheauthor’sdiligenceinreadingatthebeginningandthehardshipofthelearningconditions.Thereasonisinthematter,andthematterisquitetouching.Thisisanotherinternalreasonwhythisarticlemakespeoplewillingtoagreewithandaccepttheauthor'sopinions.

Moreover,thearticleiscompletelynatural,buttheinternalstructureisverytightandcompact.Theobjectoftheoriginalarticleisthesubjectofthearticle.However,thearticleputsthesubjectaside,firsttalksaboutoneself,calmlyspeaking,fromoneselftoothers,andfinallytalksaboutthegiftobject.Itseemscasual,butinfactitisingenious.Inthedeepstructureofthearticle,thereisacloseinternalconnectionbetweenthesubjectandtheguest,whichalwaysfocusesonthesubjectandrespondstothesubjecteverywhere,butavoidstheshortcomingsofthegeneralgift-orderarticlesthatarestraightforwardandblunt,makingthearticleeuphemistic,implicit,andmeaningful.Inthewriting,thetechniqueofcontrastandcontrastwassuccessfullyusedtomaketheleftandrightcontrasts,andthefrontandbackcorresponded.Thearticleshowedstrictnessintheleisure,"Fishandelegant,fromthemiddle."Thisisalsoveryimpressive.

Commentsfromfamousartists

WangChonglu,ChairmanoftheWritersAssociationofLiaoningProvinceandProfessoroftheChineseDepartmentofLiaoningUniversity,"GoodArticlesinChina·ClassicalChineseWritingsYouCan’tMiss":"ThisarticledescribestheurgencyofstudyingwhenIwasyoung,Thedifficultcircumstances,toencouragestudentssuchasMaShengtostudyhardandachievesuccess.Thefeelingsaresincere,thewordsarestrongandtheheartislong,thereasoningisthorough,anditisquitetouching."

Abouttheauthor

SongLian(1310-1381),thewordJingLian,thenameisQianxi,andtheothernameisXuanzhenzi,XuanzhenTaoist,XuanzhenEunuch.Posthumoustitledocumentconstitution.PeoplefromPujiang(nowPujiang,Zhejiang),Hannationality.AwriterintheearlyMingDynasty,hewasoncehailedas"thefoundingofficialofthecountry"byZhuYuanzhang,thegreatancestoroftheMingDynasty.BecausehiseldestgrandsonSongShenimplicatedtheHuWeiyongpartycase,hisfamilywasexiledtoMaozhou.Hisproseissimpleandconcise,orgracefulandelegant,eachwithitsowncharacteristics.HeadmiredTaigeliterature,thestyleofwritingishonestandelegant,andprovidedamodelfortheliterarycreationoflater"Taigestyle"writers.Mostofhisworkswereco-engravedintotheseventy-fivevolumesofTheCompleteWorksofSongXueshi.