Introduction
Manytonercartridgescanbeusedagainaftertheoriginaltonerisusedup,sothereareseparatetonersonthemarket..Byaddingtonerbyyourself,thecostofusingconsumableswillbegreatlyreduced.Becausethetonercartridgeisasealeddisposableconsumable,addingtonerbyyourselfwilldamagethesealingperformanceofthetonercartridgeandcausepowderleakage.Thetonerparticlesaregenerallymeasuredinmicrometers.Iftheyarescatteredintheair,theyareinvisible,whichwillcausetheusePollutionoftheenvironmentandofficeenvironmenthasledtoanincreaseinPM2.5.
TonernameJapanese:トナー
Purpose
Tonerismainlyusedinlaserprintersinprintingmachinery.
Productionmethod
Inresponsetodifferentneeds,theproductionoftonerisdevelopinginthedirectionofrefinement,colorization,andhighspeed.Tonerproductionmainlyadoptspulverizationandpolymerizationmethods:
Polymerizationmethod
Polymerizationmethodisafinechemicalcarbonpowdertechnology,whichincludes(suspensionpolymerization,emulsionpolymerization,andmicroCapsule,dispersionpolymerization,compressionpolymerization,chemicalpulverization.)
Thepolymerizationmethodiscompletedintheliquidphase,whichcanproducecarbonpowderwithalowermeltingtemperature,whichcanmeettherequirementsofmoderntechnologyforenergysavingandenvironmentalprotection.Byadjustingtheamountofdispersant,thestirringspeed,thepolymerizationtimeandtheconcentrationofthesolution,theparticlesizeofthecarbonpowderparticlesiscontrolledtoachieveuniformcomposition,goodcolorandhightransparency.Thecarbonpowderproducedbythepolymerizationmethodhasanintactparticleshape,afinerparticlesize,anarrowerparticlesizedistributionandbetterfluidity.Itcanmeettherequirementsofhigh-speed,high-resolution,colorandothermodernprintingtechnologies.
Polymerizedtonertechnologyhasexistedformanyyears:
—Thefirstpatentforpolymerizedtonerappearedin1972.
—Inthe1970sand1980s,itwaswidelyimproved.
—Thefirstcommercialmonochrometonerappearedin1993.
—Thefirstcommercialcolortonerappearedin1998.
Technicalprocessofpolymerizedcarbonpowder:
(resinmonomer,pigment,dispersant,otherreagents)→(ultrasonicdispersion)→(water,dispersant)→(fullstirring)→(Polymerization)→(Washing)→(FiltrationandSeparation)→(Drying)→(Post-processing)→(FinishedProduct)
Polymerizedtoneriswidelyused,duetothehighcost,itismainlyusedincolorcarbonPowderproduction.
Becauseofitslargeinvestmentinpolymerizedtoner,thegeneralinvestmentisaboutseveralhundredmillionyuan.Onlyafewlargeinternationalcompanieshaveproductioncapacity:Japan’sCANON,KONICA,MINOLTA,andUSFUJI-XEROXhaveproductioncapacity,butthedemandforcolortonerislowerthanexpected.Currently,allmajorcompaniesarenotsatisfied.Loadproduction.
Crushingmethod
Thewholeproductionprocessofcrushingmethodis:
(Materialselection)→(Materialinspection)→(Ingredients)→(Premix)→(MixingandExtrusion)→(CrushingandClassification)→(Post-processing)→(FinishedProduct)→(Inspection)→(SplitPacking)
Thecarbonpowderprocessingindustryusesalargenumberofcrushingmethodstomakecarbonpowder.
Thepulverizationmethodcanproducetonersuitablefordryelectrostaticcopying:includingtwo-componenttonerandsingle-componenttoner(includingmagneticandnon-magnetic).Duetothedifferentdevelopmentprocessandtheprincipleofthebeltmotor,theproportionofingredientsandingredientsisalsodifferent.
Disadvantages
Nowadays,commonlaserprintersandxerographiccopiersinofficesreleasevariousfineparticlesoftoner,pollutingindoorair.Nowadays,fromhometowork,suchequipmentcanbeseeneverywhere.Itisthesemachinesthatreleasealargenumberoffineparticles,heavymetalsandharmfulgases,makingvariousofficesyndromesquietlypopularincountriesaroundtheworld.Thetypicalsymptomsarerespiratoryinfections,headachesandThebloodimagehaschanged.
Asearlyas11yearsago,Spanishscientistspublishedaresearchresultinthemagazine"TheLancet"thatwarnedthatthedustreleasedbytheinkdrumoftheelectrostaticphotocopiercouldcauselungdisease.Oneyearlater,theUSenvironmentalresearchagencyEpaalsoreachedasimilarconclusion.In2003,theDortmundLaborMedicalProtectionAgencyconductedanexperimentinwhichtestmiceinhaledinkdrumdust.Soon,thetestmicedevelopedtumorsintheirlungs.However,theBonnLaborProtectionInstitutealsoconductedsimilarexperimentsonratsandguineapigs,butfoundnoabnormalities.However,thesetwoexperimentshavefoundthatanimalswillproducean"inflammatoryresponse"afterinhalingthefineparticlesreleasedbytheinkdrum.Itisapitythatsofar,peoplehavenotseenanyindicationofharmfulsubstancesintonerintheoperatinginstructionsofthesedevices.
Lookingatit,companiesthatproduceofficeequipmentrarelyconductvarioustestsontheirproductsunderdailyworkingconditions.Generallyspeaking,inadditiontocarbonblack,ironoxide,andpolyester,thetonerusedininkdrumsalsocontainsmanymetaldusts,suchasnickel,cobalt,andmercury,whichareharmfultothehumanbody.Thecontentofdifferentproductsvaries.Inaddition,thetoneralsocontainsfamiliarcarcinogenssuchasbenzene,aldehyde,styreneandsoon.Colorprintingtonerisfulloffivepoisons,suchastributyltin.Afewpartspermillionofagramcanendangerthesecretionofhumanhormones,leadingtoadecreaseinthenumberofsperminmenandinfertilityinwomen.Germanybannedtheuseofthissubstanceintheshipbuildingindustryin2003.
Examples
Fornearlyayear,scientistshavetrackedandrecordedthephysicalconditionsof60volunteertestparticipants.Whatkindofchangeswillhappentoyourphysicalconditionunderdailyworkingconditions.Inaddition,scientistsalsoconductregularphysicalexaminationsontheseparticipants,andregularlychecktheconcentrationofvariousfineparticles,floatingobjects,andmicroorganismsintheofficeair.Researchcostsaretoohigh.Forthisreason,scientistssuggestedthatthebestwayistoregularlychecktheofficeairandconductphysicalexaminationsonpeoplewhohavealreadydevelopedcertainsymptoms.
Ifitisdeterminedthattheparticlesreleasedbytheinkdrumaretoxic,Germanywillrequiremanufacturerstoindicatewhetherthechemicalcompositionofthematerialsusedwillcauseharmtothehumanbodyontheequipmentthatwillleavethefactoryinthefuture.Europeancountrieshavedifferentpractices.Forexample,Swedenstipulatesthatlaserprintersmustbeinstalledinventilatedrooms;theNetherlandsrequiresthatfineparticlefiltersmustbeinstalledwhenthesedevicesareused.Therefore,GermanexpertsbelievethatGermanyshouldalsotakesimilarmeasures.